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Irving M. Copi

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Symbolic Logic Paperback – January 1, 2015

by COPI (Author)

4.4 94 ratings

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Publisher ‏ : ‎ PEARSON INDIA; 5th edition (January 1, 2015)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 180 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9332549273
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-9332549272
Reading age ‏ : ‎ 15 years and up
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 15.8 ounces
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7.99 x 10 x 1.85 inches

Best Sellers Rank: #933,100 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Frank S. Dzielski

Copi text on logic

Reviewed in the United States on January 24, 2013

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This is a well written text on predicate logic and symbolic logic. I would recommend this book to serious students of logic.

One person found this helpful

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Setmose

Good Overview For Studying Philosophical Logic

Reviewed in the United States on November 17, 2021

I would add to what other reviewers have said: In addition to 1) students interested in symbolic logic as a rigorous formalizing of reasoning, and 2) students interested in Hilbert / Russell logicistic foundations for mathematics, I would add 3) students interested in logic applied as a foundation for philosophical analytical investigations such as epistemology and ontology. In particular, I find that Copi's brisk coverage of deductive systems, completeness, consistency, etc. has been very useful in conjunction with the study of Husserl's logicism in his Phenomenology. Having Copi's "Symbolic Logic 5th Edition" alongside Husserl's "Introduction to Logic and Theory of Knowledge, Lectures 1906/07" has been a good learning experience for me.

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Andrew Stephen

A Good text -- For its Intended Audience.

Reviewed in the United States on April 13, 2013

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A lot of people swear by Copi's texts. These are mostly philosophy instructors who, time and time again, have come back to Copi from brief forays into other texts (such as Jeffrey's), always citing the same things: Copi's techniques are the easiest to teach in introductory logic classes, especially compared to any other comparable textbook out there. The text *is* really effective for some, even most students - for the longest time, it was the single easiest pitch to philosophy, math, and computer science undergrads of what logic is all about - and for those few who absolutely hated the text, there were always other books (no shortage of them, in fact). I've almost always found that people who weren't able to follow the class discussions and the working through of the problem sets in the classroom had a bad instructor / lack of experience comfort with math (when both of these latter are present, *any* math course will become hard). So, to bottom line it, Copi is, generally for better, a great text to learn how to symbol-shunt from.

On the other hand, Copi, especially the late 70's editions of symbolic logic, are not the best presentations of the foundations of mathematics. (If you've read the text, and you're wondering what "fom" means, that's okay, I'm about to explain why you don't know.) FoM, as any logician will tell you, is the whole impetus behind the advent of symbolic logic in the first place. It is the entire reason why symbolic logic came about at all. FOM was and is a movement which essentially sought in the early parts of the 20th century to either reduce the entirety of mathematics to logic or some significant portion of it. This means that you have to formalize *everything*, including and especially the logic part of the reduction.

Back to the text: What Copi does is after he introduces quantification theory with identity and relations and descriptions (which of course occurs way after the intro to propositional logic), he then extends the language even more to include ZF set theory. This seems purposeless and underdeveloped. He really could have made this a fully developed introduction to Axiomatic set theory, complete with a good intro to cardinals and ordinals, but he didn't. He doesn't develop the proof theory at all for such a purpose, so the reader is unsure how the old rules are supposed to function with all these new notions (from set theory). Instead, he takes the reader pretty quickly through ZF(+Choice) and then moves to the metatheory of the system of logic he taught the reader earlier in the text. In my opinion, this part is one of the most laborious reads *ever* - he takes the most sidewinding approach to proving completeness and soundness for his language, and moves out of his target audience toward an unclear conceptual destination. This part really is strange, especially considering how clear the early parts of the text were. And he doesn't do a very good job of explaining the motivation behind completeness and soundness proof for formal languages, nor alternatives to such proofs, which could be supplemented in the present bibliography. And most horrifying for a logician: his proof of completeness is almost entirely syntactical. I remember thinking "where's the term model?" He doesn't discuss any corollaries of completeness for first-order theories, which involves model theory. In short, his presentation of metatheory of FOL is definitely nonstandard. (Then again, maybe this is just how the metatheory of FOL+ Copi's rules is supposed to look.)

So, all that said: There are two kinds of introductory logic courses: (1) Intro to logic and (2) Intro to Mathematical Logic. (1) is more about improving reasoning skills, (2) is more to do with understanding the foundations of mathematics, and understanding the nature and limitations of mathematical reasoning suitably formalized to capture concepts most mathematicians think pretty essential to the subject. Copi is perfect for (1), and more precisely, if you're working with the 79 edition, the first several chapters up through descriptions are fine. But after that, STOP. If you get that far and you're still interested in logic, consider Enderton's logic text, Smullyan's first-order logic, or even (perhaps especially) Shoenfield's Mathematical Logic (the graduate standard in mathematical logic since its date of publication). There are plenty of other fine places to learn the foundations of mathematics and mathematical logic outside of Copi, which as mentioned above does a terrible job at covering the stuff that mathematicians find valuable in logic (set, recursion, model, proof theory).

19 people found this helpful

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Michael L. Sweet

Good book to keep your brain in shape

Reviewed in the United States on February 16, 2012

This was the textbook I had to use in college back in 1976. I even copied the rules of inference and carry them around in my wallet. I became addicted to working out the problems in the book and screamed like a school-girl when my answer matched exactly to the one in the book. I later in life worked and retired in the electrical field (no pun intended) using electrical schematics. The training I had from this book helped me through my entire career. I enjoyed the challenges in this book. The first half of the book is pretty straightforward but the second half gets a little cosmic. I'm glad I have the book and I will never get rid of it.

3 people found this helpful

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DENNIS E STOUT

Content is okay, paperback book physically deteriorates

Reviewed in the United States on November 9, 2014

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I'm a math major. The content of this book is fairly decent.

Physically, the paperback book is not well constructed. Less than a semester has passed and everyone in my class with the paper bound version of this book has pages falling out. The glue is separating from the pages and the spine is falling apart.

Get the hardcover.

The content is okay. It might just be me, but I could use more examples and a better layout. More of the exercises could use solutions, but maybe a separate solutions manual would be more effective.

3 people found this helpful

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S. Wuest

Classical Foundations of Formal Logic

Reviewed in the United States on October 5, 2005

S. Wuest, M.S. in Computer Science, AI, Data Fusion

Caveats to the Rating:

1. You had better be willing to work at this book

2. This is a classical, analytical approach

3. The terminology is not the easiest

Strengths of this book:

1. Serial proof notation

2. Much emphasis on the accurate representation of ideas

3. The approach to formal logic is analytical (as opposed

to brute force, "sub-logical" algorithms such as

resolution). This provides a theoretical background for

sound algorithm design that is lacking in programmers only

familiar with resolution

4. The quantified exercises given begin to develop intuition

as to the most efficient ways to combine multiple

operations--such heuristics are key to designing automated

proof generators.

5. I have only found about 1 error in the answers.

I agree with the comment of Mayer: many technical people do not

know how to accurately represent English statements in a formal

logic notation. I work with engineers, and have observed the

confusion of cause and effect in their rule writing, and the

confusion of abductive pattern matching with deductive reasoning

(abductive pattern matching is not covered in the book).

Exercises in representing English sentences in symbolic logic

notation would soon fix this confusion.

I rate one of the strengths of Copi's notation to be the serial

proof (as opposed to tree). Tree notations blows up

combinatorially, and become useless for anything but toy

problems. Tree notations may be more intuitive, but have too low

a glass ceiling.

14 people found this helpful

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