xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi etiudebi STUDIES IN ART CRITICISM I

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa a da mecnierebis saministro<br />

SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti<br />

xelovnebis fakulteti<br />

xelovnebis Teoriisa da istoriis departamenti<br />

samecniero Sromebis krebuli<br />

<strong>xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi</strong><br />

<strong>etiudebi</strong><br />

<strong>STUDIES</strong> <strong>IN</strong> <strong>ART</strong> <strong>CRITICISM</strong><br />

I<br />

gamomcemloba<br />

,,SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti~<br />

baTumi _ 2008

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edaqtori _ maia WiWileiSvili<br />

tomis redaqtori _ ermile mesxia<br />

pasuxismgebeli mdivani _ manuCar loria<br />

saredaqcio kolegia<br />

vasil kiknaZe<br />

lela oCiauri<br />

marina giorgaZe<br />

qeTevan gogolaZe<br />

sofo TavaZe<br />

ISSN 1987-5851<br />

© gamomcemloba ,,SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti~ _ 2008<br />

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Teatrmcodneoba<br />

vasil kiknaZe<br />

qarTuli Teatris 1937 weli<br />

sabWoTa periodi saqarTvelos mravalsaukunovani<br />

istoriis erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli da paradoqsalurad<br />

winaaRmdegobrivi epoqaa. igi komunizmis miTis idealizmisa<br />

da fanatizmis sindromiT iyo daRdasmuli. xangrZlivi<br />

revoluciuri cvlilebebi mudmivi SiSisa da<br />

arastabilurobis gancdas badebda, pirovnebis Tavisufleba<br />

koleqtiur nebas daeqvemdebara da moxda individualobis<br />

Serwyma masis saerTo cnobierebasTan. mefis<br />

ruseTis koloniuri sistema axali mravalerovnuli<br />

gaerTianebiT, magram arsebiTad rusuli sabWouri<br />

imperiis modeliT Seicvala.<br />

dadga axali era mcirericxovani erebis sabWouri<br />

globalizaciis (romelic moicavda dedamiwis erT<br />

meeqvseds) pirobebSi cxovrebisa. yovel mokavSire respublikas,<br />

yovel ers globalizaciis rusul modelSi<br />

unda moenaxa Tavisi adgili, organulad unda gae-<br />

Tavisebina rac saerTo, sabWouri anu internacionaluri<br />

iyo da amasTanave SeenarCunebina erovnuli TviTmyofadoba.<br />

`ufrosi Zmis~ fenomeni arsebiTad niSnavda rusi-<br />

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fikaciis process, romelic cdilobda yvela sxva<br />

erovnulis maqsimalur nivelirebas. sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

miRma gatanili yoveli mecnieruli, kulturuli Tu<br />

sportuli miRweva idenficirebuli iyo mxolod rusul<br />

movlenasTan.<br />

globalizacia arasodes ar aris erTsaxovani da<br />

erTniSna. mas aqvs bevri dadebiTi (medicinis, teqnikis,<br />

mecnierebis sfero da sxva) da aseve bevri uaryofiTi<br />

Tviseba. wonasworobis dacva damokidebulia yoveli<br />

patara eris gamZleobaze, mis Sinagan potenciasa da<br />

sxva faqtorebze.<br />

es problema arsebiTad dResac igive faqtorebs<br />

moicavs, rac dedamiwis erT meeqvsedze xdeboda, oRond<br />

dRes ufro didia masStabebi.<br />

qarTvelma xalxma `moyvare mterTan~ urTierTobis<br />

didi gamocdileba miiRo, Tumca auracxeli danakargebis<br />

safasurad.<br />

rusifikaciis globalizacia upirvelesad gulisxmobda<br />

ricxobrivad patara erebis TviTmyofadi kulturis<br />

nivelirebas. zewola iyo uaRresad Zlieri da mas-<br />

Staburi, magram oqtombris `revolucia~ moxda sul<br />

sxva lozungiT - erTa Tanasworobisa da maTi sulierebis<br />

aRorZinebis lozungiT. qarTveli xalxi imdenad<br />

iyo monatrebuli Tanasworobas da Tavisuflebas, rom<br />

man uaRresad emociurad miiRo igi da advilad daujera<br />

mas (rogorc es Cvens romantikul bunebas Cvevia). TviT<br />

iseTma didma nacionalurma geniam, rogoric s. axmeteli<br />

iyo, dawera: `mokvda monarqizmi ruseTSi da masTan er-<br />

Tad misi ulmobeli politika CvenSio~.<br />

daijera es da 1923 wels daSala Tavisi radikal-demokratiuli<br />

partia.<br />

sabWoTa xelisuflebas surda msofliosaTvis daenaxvebina,<br />

rom mefis ruseTis nangrevebze aRmocenda<br />

iseTi didi mravalerovani axali qveyana, romelic xels<br />

Seuwyobda erovnuli kulturis ganviTarebas. am faqtoriT<br />

isargebles qarTuli Teatris didma moRvaweebma<br />

_ kote marjaniSvilma da sandro axmetelma TeatrSi, l.<br />

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gudiaSvilma, d. kakabaZem da sxvebma ferweraSi, ir. gamrekelma<br />

da p. ocxelma scenografiaSi, n. Sengelaiam<br />

kinoSi, galaktionma da `cisferyanwelebma~ poeziaSi,<br />

maTi zegavleniT gamoRviZebulma mTelma qarTulma<br />

SemoqmedebiTma potencialma da daiwyo mTeli Cveni<br />

erovnuli kulturis modernizaciis didi epoqa 30-iani<br />

wlebis pirvel naxevramde.<br />

ufro zustad, 1933 wlamde...<br />

1933 wlidan gamefda umkacresi cenzura ideologiis<br />

yvela sferoze da upirvelesad Teatrze – sanaxaobiTi<br />

kulturis yvela dargze, aikrZala ara marto qarTuli<br />

patriotuli Tematika (d. erisTavis `samSoblo~, a.<br />

sumbaTaSvil-iuJinis `Ralati~ da sxva), aramed SeizRuda<br />

dasavleTevropuli klasikuri dramaturgebidan<br />

SesarCevi piesebis ricxvic.<br />

1933 weli sakralur TariRad iqca.<br />

1933 wels gardaicvala kote marjaniSvili.<br />

1933 wels daidga axmetelis ukanaskneli didi<br />

speqtakli `tiranebis winaaRmdeg~ (intiranos).<br />

axmetelma qarTul TeatrSi mosvlisTanave daiwyo<br />

rusuli gavlenisagan Teatris ganTavisuflebisaTvis<br />

brZola. `Cven bans vaZlevT yvelaferSi rusul Teatrs~<br />

- werda 1915 wels, roca axali esTetikis didi erovnuli<br />

Teatris Seneba daiwyo, yvelaferi dauqvemdebara<br />

erovnul eTnogenur Taviseburebas, mis ganumeorebel<br />

bunebas. sabWouri internacionalizmisa da socrealizmis<br />

doqtrinas daupirispira erovnulis uzenaesobis<br />

idea. `erovnuli kulturis xarisxobriv ganviTarebas<br />

internacionalurisaken mivyavarT~ - Tqva da misi Semoqmedeba<br />

sruli realizacia iyo am Tezisisa.<br />

1920-33 wlebi qarTuli kulturis renesansis xana<br />

iyo. rusuli imperiuli CanafiqrisaTvis sruliad Seusabamo<br />

gaxldaT erovnuli kulturis aseTi ganviTareba.<br />

daiwyo TviTmyofadi erovnuli kulturis Semoqmed-<br />

Ta gatexvis, maTi moTvinierebisa da socrealizmis doqtrinisadmi<br />

damorCilebis procesi.<br />

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axmeteli da misi Tanamoazreebi gmirulad Seebr-<br />

Zolnen mas.<br />

saqarTvelos mTavrobam, piradad l. beriam swored<br />

axmeteli amoiRo samizned. es iyo mTavari dartymis obieqti,<br />

radgan axmetelma SesZlo scenaze sabWouri Tematikac<br />

Rrma erovnul farglebSi gamoexata (lavrenievis<br />

`rRveva~, s. SanSiaSvilis `anzori~, S. dadianis `TeTnuldi~,<br />

v. korSinis `qalTa qalaqi~ da sxva.).<br />

qarTul scenaze TandaTan imZlavra politikurma<br />

koniunqturam, momravlda sabWourad ideuri, primitiuli<br />

da usaxuri piesebi. TandaTan imZlavra cenzuram<br />

da TviTcenzuram, mkacr kontrolqveS moeqca Teatrebis<br />

sarepertuaro politika.<br />

yvela TeatrisaTvis savaldebulo gaxda rusuli<br />

piesis dadgma.<br />

1935 wlis 25 ivliss saqarTvelos kp ck TaTbirze,<br />

romelsac l. beria xelmZRvanelobda, man ganacxada:<br />

`upirveles yovlisa rusTavelis Teatri Seqmna sabWoTa<br />

mTavrobam. ratom ar iyo mefis dros, menSevikebis<br />

dros mieciT Tu ara Tqvens Tavs aseTi SekiTxva (adgilidan:<br />

`es gasagebia~). maSasadame ar iyo. maSasadame,<br />

upirvelesad Teatri Seqmna sabWoTa mTavrobam (adgilidan:<br />

`marTalia~).~<br />

xedavT ra xdeba stenogramidan damowmebuli dokumenti<br />

(romelic pirvelad qveyndeba) mTeli epoqis sarkea.<br />

berias arc ganaTleba aklda da arc niWi, amitom<br />

daujerebelia ar scodnoda, rom qarTuli Teatri mefis<br />

ruseTis drosac iyo da menSevikebis periodSic,<br />

magram mas istoriuli simarTle ar ainteresebs, mTavari<br />

iyo sakiTxis politikuri gadawyveta, romelic misTvis<br />

kanonze da simarTleze maRla idga. yvelaferi keTdeboda<br />

axmetelis Teatridan gasaZeveblad. misi damsaxureba<br />

axali Teatris SeqmnaSi, berias TqmiT, nulovani<br />

iyo, _ mxolod sabWoTa mTavrobaa qarTuli Teatris<br />

Semqmnelio, _ iTqva mkacrad da naTlad, TiTqos ar<br />

arsebobda arc kulturuli memkvidreoba da arc<br />

romelime didi pirovnebis (am SemTxvevaSi axmetelis)<br />

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aime gansakuTrebuli damsaxureba. amave sxdomaze akaki<br />

xoravam, romelic axmetelis mier iyo Teatridan ganTavisuflebuli,<br />

gabeda da daicva axmeteli: `aleqsandre<br />

vasilis Ze axmeteli didi ostatia, misgareSe Teatri 80<br />

procentiT daqveiTdeba.~ aman beria aRaSfoTa. oriode<br />

Tvis Semdeg axmeteli moxsnes Teatridan.<br />

qarTuli TeatrisaTvis tragikuli 1937 weli daiwyo<br />

ara zustad am wels, aramed ufro adre. 1930 wels moskovSi<br />

axmetelis triumfaluri warmatebisa da rusTavelis<br />

Teatris sazRvargareT miwvevis gamo, politsammarTvelos<br />

ufrosi l. beria mTavrobas saidumlod<br />

werda, rusTavelis Teatris sazRvargareT gagzavna ar<br />

SeiZleba, radgan s. axmetelis meTaurobiT Teatris<br />

Tormeti msaxiobi antisabWouri ganwyobisani ariano. im<br />

siidan Semdeg eqvsi represirebuli iqna, aqedan xuTi<br />

msaxiobi (p. koriSeli, i. qanTaria, i. laRiZe, e. lorTqifaniZe,<br />

i. abaSiZe) – 1937 wels daxvrites.<br />

`sukis~ saidumlo arqivis gaxsnis (z. gamsaxurdias<br />

prezidentobis dros) Sedegad, irkveva (am masalebs<br />

uSualod me gavecani), rom qarTuli Teatri kontrolze<br />

iyo ayvanili jer kidev 1924 wlidan. Semdeg TandaTan<br />

gaZlierda TvalTvali, masalebis Segrovebis procesi<br />

da yvelaferi erTad daulages win 1936-38 wlebSi<br />

dapatimrebul moRvaweebs.<br />

Saqmeebi iyo Sedgenili qarTuli Teatris yvela<br />

TvalsaCino reJisorsa da msaxiobze, maT ki visac uSualod<br />

ar Seexo represiebi, miesajaT daWeris molodinis<br />

SiSiT cxovreba...<br />

SiSi iyo mTavari mamoZravebeli Zala moTvinierebisa<br />

da TviTcenzurisa.<br />

1937 wlis tragediis Semdegac gagrZelda misi fsiqologiuri<br />

zewola, TiTqos SeumCneveli, TiTqos farulic,<br />

magram mainc zewola. adamianebi Seeguen arsebul<br />

situacias da cxovrebis wess, kidev ufro gaZlierda<br />

rusifikaciis procesi da partiuli diqtati.<br />

mxolod 60-iani wlebidan daiwyo jer daTboba, Semdeg<br />

transformacia. saqarTveloSi eqsperimentebma, axa-<br />

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li formis novatorobam TandaTan farTo masStabi<br />

miiRo da mTlianad moicva qarTuli Teatri da kino.<br />

`qarTuli Teatrisa~ da `qarTuli kinos~ fenomenma,<br />

rogorc erovnuli Semoqmedebis ukvdavma genma, yurad-<br />

Reba miiqcia sazRvargareTac.<br />

im wlebSiac ki, roca batonobda totalitaruli<br />

sistema, roca Teatris politizacia imdenad Zlieri<br />

iyo, rom rusTavelis TeatrSi seriozulad msjelobdnen,<br />

Tu rogor daedgaT komunisturi partiis istoria,<br />

did warmatebebs aRwevda qarTuli samsaxiobo xelovneba.<br />

igi reJisurasTan erTad SedarebiT naklebad emor-<br />

Cileboda ideologizaciis process Tavisi xelovnebis<br />

specifikis gamo, amitom grZeldeboda didi aqtioruli<br />

xelovnebis triumfi...<br />

sabWoTa Teatris modeli unda gaviazroT mTlianobaSi.<br />

arc komunisturi partia yofila mudam ucvleli<br />

da erTxazovani mTeli istoriis manZilze da arc<br />

Teatris gza iyo zigzagebis gareSe. evoluciuri cvlilebebi<br />

aSkara iyo. Tu 1953 wels marjaniSvilis Teatrs<br />

neba ar darTes Casworebebis gareSe sajarod eCvenebina<br />

v. gabeskirias piesa `ufskrulTan~, radgan scenaze bav-<br />

Svi kvdeboda uwamlobis gamo, viTomda sabWoTa qveyanaSi<br />

aseTi ar xdebao, ramdenime wlis Semdeg imave saxelmwifoSi<br />

formirdeba r. sturuas disidenturi, mZafri<br />

politikuri Teatri. evolucia Zalian didia istoriulad<br />

mokle periodSi. amitom savsebiT gasagebia,<br />

roca aTiaTasobiT komunistma da komkavSirelma, romlebsac<br />

partiis mandatebi edoT jibeebSi, referendumSi<br />

saqarTvelos damoukideblobas misces xma. es moxda komunisturi<br />

sistemis pirobebSi, rodesac jer isev adgilebze<br />

iyvnen raikomis mdivnebica da aRmaskomis Tavmjdomareebic,<br />

funqcionirebda yvela sabWouri struqtura.<br />

qarTuli Teatris sabWoTa epoqis gza gmirulic iyo<br />

da kompromisebiT savsec. aseTi iyo Cveni cxovrebac,<br />

aseTia istoriuli sinamdvile...<br />

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yvelaferi unda gavaanalizoT istorizmis principis<br />

dacviT. Cven ar gamovdgebiT im Taobebis msajulebad,<br />

romlebic totalitaruli Zaladobisa da fizikuri<br />

ganadgurebis SiSis pirobebSi uSvebdnen kompromisebs,<br />

farTo gasaqani eZleoda politikur koniunqturas, rogorc<br />

Tavdacvis saSualebas. TiTqmis yvela xelovanma<br />

gaiRo xarki. magaliTad, lado asaTiani didi patrioti<br />

poeti iyo, magram masac mouwia leqsi daewera leninze,<br />

radgan misi ojaxi represirebuli gaxldaT. `sukis~<br />

arqivSi vnaxe is dokumenti, roca cnobil msaxiobs em.<br />

afxaiZes sadRac uTqvams: `sergo orjonikiZes ar Ser-<br />

Ceba is, rom rusebs SemouZRva da saqarTvelo daapyrobinao.<br />

amis Semdeg man erT-erT filmSi orjonikiZis<br />

roli Seasrula da gazeTSi interviuc misca - `bednieri<br />

var, radgan Llenin-stalinis TanamebrZolis saxe<br />

Sevqmenio~. ra eqna arc sergos roli eTamaSa da arc<br />

eqo igi daWerisa da wamebis gza aerCia<br />

gaorebis sindromi mTeli sabWoTa epoqis Tanamdevi<br />

movlena iyo, magram didi upasuxismgebloba da sruli<br />

uvicoba iqneba, Tu amis gamo uaryofiTad Sefasdeba<br />

sabWoTa epoqaSi Seqmnili nawarmoebebi. radgan istoriuli<br />

faqtia, rom arasodes ar yofila qarTuli Teatri<br />

ise warmatebuli, rogorc maSin iyo.<br />

arasodes ar hqonia iseTi miRwevebi Cvens mecnierebas,<br />

kinos, ferweras, qandakebas, musikas. . .<br />

arc saerTo saxalxo ganaTlebas miuRwevia im donisaTvis..<br />

arc ekonomikas...<br />

da es yvelaferi saSineli represiebis, diqtaturis,<br />

globaluri rusifikaciis fonze...<br />

`saqarTvelos istoria tragediaa, qarTveli Svilia<br />

tragediisa~ - werda axmeteli.<br />

tragediis gmirebi ki mudam itanjebodnen Sinagani<br />

konfliqtebiTa da winaaRmdegobebiT, magram gmirulad<br />

icavdnen humanistur idealebs.<br />

1937 weli unda warmovidginoT tragikuli istoriis<br />

ara erT konkretul TariRad, roca zenits miaRwia ma-<br />

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sobrivma represiebma, aramed simbolod, metaforad sab-<br />

Wouri diqtaturisa, igi damokles maxviliviT ekida<br />

qarTuli Teatris (da ara marto Teatris) Tavze. qar-<br />

Tveli xalxi ki aseT pirobebSic qmnida Sedevrebs.<br />

rodesac cixeebis jurRmulebSi iyvnen gamoketilni<br />

rusTavelis Teatris msaxiobebi da maTi genialuri<br />

reJisori sandro axmeteli, imave 1937 wels Teatris<br />

scenaze akaki xorava da akaki vasaZe qmnidnen genialur<br />

saxeebs (otelo, iago).<br />

aseTia istoriuli sinamdvile. vinc im epoqas gansjis,<br />

erTic unda sTqvas da meorec.<br />

Vasil Kiknadze<br />

1937 year of Georgian Theatre<br />

Summari<br />

Since 1933 a strict censorship on every sphere of ideology has been<br />

introduced, but mostly on theatre. Not only the Georgian patriotic<br />

thematic was forbidden, but the number of West European classical<br />

dramaturgy was limited as well. From 1936 theatre employees faced<br />

massive repressions. Those who escaped from the repressions lived under<br />

the fear of arrest.<br />

1937 should be presented not as one specific date of tragic history,<br />

when massive repressions reached its high zenith, but metaphorically as<br />

soviet dictatorship.<br />

10

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11<br />

laSa CxartiSvili<br />

`mefe liris” Teatraluri<br />

interpretaciis problemis<br />

ramdenime sakiTxi qarTul<br />

TeatrSi<br />

nawili I<br />

Seqspirs msoflios geniosTa Soris erT-erTi upirvelesi<br />

adgili uWiravs. misi dramatuli Txzulebebi<br />

yvela epoqisaTvis aqtualuria, radgan masSi gamoxatulia<br />

maradiuli Temebi da problemebi. ,,rogorc tragediaSi,<br />

ise komediaSi, man gaaRo axali droebis WiSkari<br />

da aCvena Tanamedrove adamians misi Sinagani ganxeTqileba<br />

da tragikuli gadasroliloba samyaroSi, sadac<br />

mas iluzias mostaceben da masSi yovelTvis isev dava<br />

warmoebs arsebobisaTvis moraluri wesrigis pirobeb-<br />

Si’’ (1; gv. 43). amis gamo am genialur dramaturgs aqvs is<br />

maxasiaTeblebi, romliTac igi ,,saWiro’’ da aucilebeli<br />

xdeba nebismieri civilizaciisaTvis nebismier istoriul<br />

pirobebSi.<br />

evropaSi Seqspiri gansakuTrebul aqtualobas XVII<br />

saukunis dasawyisidan iZens da dRemde ar kargavs wamyvan<br />

pozicias, radganac ,,Seqspiris yvela sityva, yvela<br />

mxatvruli saxe, cxovrebis wveTiTaa gaJRenTili, misi<br />

mxatvruli saxeebi sinamdvilisagan warmoiqmneba, radgan<br />

misi sityvebis ukan mTeli cxovreba dgas – didi,<br />

mravalferovani da usasrulo’’ (2; gv.94) qarTuli Seqspiriana<br />

cota mogvianebiT, XIX saukunis II naxevarSi<br />

uerTdeba am sivrces, rasac xeli Seuwyo CvenSi profesiuli<br />

Teatraluri xelovnebis dabadebam da ganviTarebam.<br />

Teatris dabadeba ki bunebrivad badebs ganuzomel

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interess Seqspiris dramaturgiisadmi. amaSi arc saqar-<br />

Tveloa gamonaklisi.<br />

Seqspiris Semoqmedeba sakuTrebaa TiToeuli kulturuli<br />

erisa. Jan lui baros TqmiT, igi ,,kacobriobis<br />

geniis udidesi warmomadgenelia da zemodan dahyurebs<br />

qveynebsa da xalxebs, amitom Cvens sakuTrebad rom<br />

iqces, bunebrivia, xazi unda gavusvaT mis universalurobas;<br />

ai, ratom gvsurs uarvyoT mTeli misi istoriuli<br />

garderobi da instinqturad vCqmalavT mis<br />

erovnul Tvisebebs’’ (3; gv.140). amdenad, ,,Seqspiris gaazreba<br />

xdeba im socialur, politikur sazogadoebaSi<br />

damkvidrebuli zneobrivi normebis gavleniT, romelSic<br />

arsebobs konkretuli xelovani’’ (4; gv.2). sayovelTaod<br />

aRiarebulia, rom Seqspiris Semoqmedeba ar berdeba,<br />

amis safuZvelia misi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Tviseba<br />

– igi individualuri midgomis da interprirebis<br />

Tavisufal saSualebas iZleva. qarTul Teatrs interpretaciisas<br />

arasdros gasWirvebia evropuli mxatvruli<br />

literaturis erovnul xasiaTze morgeba. ufro metic,<br />

axmeteli werda: ,,Cven Seqspiris aTvisebaSi ver wavalT<br />

Zveli Teatris gziT. Tu Cveni Tanamedrove ver gavxadeT<br />

Seqspiri, Cven davmarcxdebiT. rusTavelis Teatri unda<br />

gaSeqspirdes da piriqiT’’.<br />

Seqspiris piesebis scenur xorcSesxmas Zalzed didi<br />

tradicia aqvs saqarTveloSi. qarTuli samsaxiobo xelovneba<br />

mdidaria SesaniSnavi mxatvruli saxeebiT, romlebic<br />

Seqspiris piesebis mravalricxovan dadgmebSi<br />

Seiqmna. amdenad, saukune naxevris manZilze reJisorTa<br />

da msaxiobTa mTeli Taobebi aRizarda mis dramaturgiaze,<br />

ukve XX saukunis miwuruls ki man qarTul<br />

Teatrs araerTxel moutana gamarjvebis sixaruli saer-<br />

TaSoriso asparezze, xolo robert sturus ,,liris”<br />

interpretacia win gadadgmuli nabijia msoflio Teatralur<br />

SeqspirianaSi, saerTod, Seqspiris Semoqmedebis<br />

axlebur gaazrebaSi. XX saukunis meore naxevarSi qar-<br />

Tul da msoflio scenebze Seqspiris piesebis intensiuri<br />

interpretacia kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom Seqs-<br />

12

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piris Semoqmedeba ,,mudam Tanadroulia, mudam pasuxobs<br />

sazogadoebisaTvis aqtualur problemebs. Tavis mxriv,<br />

sazogadoeba mudam ganicdis cvalebadobas, vicvlebiT<br />

Cvenc da CvenTan erTad garSemo yvelaferi axal xarisxSi<br />

gvevlineba’’ (5; gv. 4). qarTuli Teatris istoriis<br />

sxvadasxva etapze Seqspiris gaazreba sxvadasxvagvarad<br />

xdeboda, masSi reJisorebi TavianTi epoqis sunTqvas da<br />

drois gamoZaxils poulobdnen.<br />

saqarTveloSi Seqspiris Sesaxeb pirvel cnobebs XIX<br />

saukunis I naxevarSi vxvdebiT, magram misi popularoba<br />

uSualod dakavSirebulia qarTuli Teatraluri kulturis<br />

zrdasTan. ,,qarTuli Teatri mwvaved ganicdida<br />

repertuaris naklebobas da XIX saukunis literaturisa<br />

da Teatris moRvaweebi sruliad logikurad mimar-<br />

Tavdnen Seqspirs, rogorc aseT dramaturgs, romlis<br />

mxatvrul msoflmxedvelobiTi poziciebi metad naTesauri<br />

da sasicocxlo iyo TviT qarTuli kulturisaTvis’’<br />

(6; gv. 9). XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebidan moyolebuli,<br />

Seqspiri sistematiurad iTargmneba qarTulad, da<br />

Tumca pirveli Targmanebi veranairad ver swvdeboda<br />

Seqspiris genialobis masStabebs, Teatrisa da literaturis<br />

moRvaweebma im mdare TargmanebSic ki ,,intuiciiT<br />

igrZnes renesansis udidesi poetis sidiade da genialoba’’<br />

(7; gv.77).<br />

Seqspiris piesis pirveli qarTuli Targmani ekuTvnis<br />

dimitri yifians, man 1841 wels frangulidan Targmna<br />

,,romeo da julieta”, amas mohyva lavrenti ardazianis<br />

mier 1858 wels rusulidan gadmoTargmnili ,,hamleti”.<br />

Seqspiris piesebis klasikur Targmans safuZveli<br />

Cauyares ilia WavWavaZem da ivane maCabelma. es iyo dasabami<br />

im vrceli, mravalferovani da saintereso SemoqmedebiTi<br />

xazisa, romelic Seqspiris am ukvdavma piesam<br />

ganvlo qarTul scenaze. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am er-<br />

Tobliv Targmans Tavisi preistoria aqvs, damoukideblad,<br />

rogorc ivane maCablis, ise ilia WavWavaZis biografiaSi.<br />

13

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,,mefe liris’’ Targmnas i. maCabeli damoukideblad<br />

1873 wlis gazafxulze Seudga im mizniT, rom ,,gaamdidrebda<br />

qarTul literaturas da Teatris fexze wamoyenebas<br />

Seuwyobda xels, radgan Seqspiris xeiriani<br />

Targmani manamde ar iyo’’ (7; gv. 66). ilia WavWavaZesac<br />

gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba hqonda ,,mefe lirisadmi’’.<br />

XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi man am piesis cocxali<br />

suraTebic dadga da liris rolic scenismoyvareebTan<br />

erTad TviTon Seasrula. ilias am tragediis<br />

bolomde Targmna STaagona aira oldrijis TamaSiT<br />

gamowveulma aRfrTovanebam. igi peterburgSi Sexvda<br />

Zalzed axalgazrda ivane maCabels (am dros igi 16<br />

wlis iyo) da erToblivi muSaobis Sedegad ,,liris’’<br />

Targmanze muSaoba sabolood 1874 wels dasrulda, romelic<br />

pirvelad sruli saxiT daibeWda Jurnal ,,krebulSi’’<br />

(1874 #10). gazeTi ,,droeba’’ (1874, 8 marti)<br />

winaswar auwyebda qarTvel xalxs: ,,ilia WavWavaZes da<br />

ivane maCabels gauTavebiaT mefe liris Targmanio’’. 1977<br />

wels maT mier Targmnili tragedia calke wignadac<br />

daibeWda komentarebiTurT. iliasagan gansxvavebiT, ma-<br />

Cablis interesi Seqspiris mimarT ,,liriT’’ ar Semosaz-<br />

Rvrula, mas sxva piesebis genialuri qarTuli Targmanebi<br />

mohyva. ,,axali qarTuli literaturisaTvis maCabliseuli<br />

Targmanebi iseTive mniSvnelovani faqtia, rogorc<br />

Zveli literaturisTvis iyo saxarebis Targmani, –<br />

wers literaturaTmcodne g. gaCeCilaZe, - maCabeli mxolod<br />

ki ar Targmnis sityvebs, aramed asaxavs Seqspiris<br />

nawarmoebSi mocemul mxatvrul sinamdviles. (8; gv. 63).<br />

mas Semdeg, rac liris Targmani moevlina qarTul literaturas,<br />

,,qarTvelma gemovnebagaxsnilma mkiTxvelma<br />

pirvelad ganicada Seqspiris geniis Zala. aRtaceba miT<br />

ufro didi iyo, rom yvela grZnobda Seqspiris Targmanis<br />

sakiTxi sabolood gadaiWra da amas garda saer-<br />

Tod, klasikuri literaturis Targmnis saqmesac Caeyara<br />

myari safuZveli’’ (7; gv. 77). ,,mefe liri’’ iyo ara marto<br />

pirveli Targmani, aramed Seqspiris pirveli piesa, romlis<br />

dadgmac ilia WavWavaZem ganizraxa qarTul scena-<br />

14

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ze, magram maSin (XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi) es mxolod<br />

suraTebis saxiT ganxorcielda.<br />

SemTxveviTi ar iyo ilia WavWavaZis ,,mefe liriT’’<br />

,,axireba’’, radgan igi aSkarad grZnobda, rom ,,tragediis<br />

arsi scildeba Svilebis umadurobis Temas, romelic<br />

safuZvlad udevs fabulas. piesaSi asaxulia mTeli sazogadoeba,<br />

romelic srul dabneulobas ganicdis. aq<br />

warmodgenilia calkeul atomebad daSlili sociumi,<br />

TiToeuli miiswrafvis ganamtkicos Tavisi Tavi, ibrZvis<br />

Tavisi piradi miznebisaTvis, upirispirebs Tavis nebas<br />

da cnebebs sxvebisas’’ (9; gv. 541). ,,siyvaruli gaqra, megobroba<br />

daemxo, Zma Zmaze aRsdga, qalaqSi SfoTia da<br />

areuloba, soflebSi ganxeTqileba sasaxleSi Ralati,<br />

Svili mamas aRar indobs, mama Svils’’ (10; gv. 27) –<br />

glosteris am sityvebSi iliam SeigrZno XIX saukunis II<br />

naxevris saqarTvelos politikur-socialuri viTarebis<br />

analogia, saxelmwifoebrivi problemis Sejaxeba sazogadoebis<br />

rRvevis suraTTan. igi Seecada Tavisi xalxis-<br />

Tvis Seqspiris meSveobiT eCvenebina, rom pirovnuli<br />

TviTneboba cxovrebas omad aqcevs.<br />

amdenad, iliam ,,liri’’ gaiazra drois moTxovnebis<br />

Sesabamisad, klasikosi Semoqmedis eniT Seecada ,,dalaparakeboda’’<br />

sakuTar xalxs da daefiqrebina eris<br />

Svilni imaze, Tu ra tragedia moaqvs Surs, Ralats, ur-<br />

TierTdapirispirebas qveynisaTvis. garda amisa, ,,liris<br />

atmosfero aris adamianuri vnebebisa da stiqiis Tavawyvetili<br />

boboqrobis atmosfero. aq gansakuTrebiT<br />

mkveTrad aris gamokveTili paralelizmi bunebis movlenebsa<br />

da adamianis Sinagan gancdebs Soris. araadamianuri<br />

bunebis samyaro Semodis dramaturgiaSi, roca<br />

adamianuri samyaro imsxvreva da ireva, es xdeba maSin,<br />

roca Svilebi gaaZeveben TavianT mamas, roca mama gandevnis<br />

Svils da sigiJe adamianis cxovrebis wyaros<br />

urevs. ,,adamianuri sazogadoebis mtkice sayrdenebi da<br />

kanonebi irRveva da araadamianuri Zalebi, stiqiebi, Warbad<br />

SemoiWreba tragediaSi’’ (2; gv. 74) politikur-sazogadoebrivi<br />

TvalsazrisiT qarTvelTaTvis ,,mefe lirSi’’<br />

15

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gafantuli mravalplaniani Tematika dRemde aqtualuria.<br />

liris qarTul scenaze interpretaciisas pirvel<br />

xanebSi ZiriTad sayrdens warmoadgenda erovnuli er-<br />

Tianobis mZafri SegrZnebisa da despotizmis Tema: ,,moxuci<br />

despoti mxolod TavisTavze gamocdis Semdeg<br />

SeigrZnobs im wyobilebis sazarel usamarTlobas, romelic<br />

TviTonve Seqmna da ganamtkica. sakuTar tanjvaSi<br />

unaTldeba mas gonebis Tvali da esmis simarTlis xma’’<br />

(11; gv. 52). qarTveli eri araerTxel mdgara sakuTari<br />

Tu gadamTieli despoti xelisufalis zewolis da mkacri<br />

cenzuris qveS. liris mxatvrul saxeSi reJisorebis<br />

erTi Sto (axmeteli, sturua) swored despot, gaTavxedebul,<br />

gandidebul xelisufals moiazrebs, romelic<br />

,,ocnebiT RmerTebs utoldeba, gadaabija SesaZleblobebis<br />

zRvars da moindoma Tavisi Zalauflebis adamianis<br />

sulze gavrceleba’’ (12; gv. 70). Teatrmcodne levan xeTaguri<br />

Tavis naSromSi ,,Seqspiri qarTul scenaze” gamoyofs<br />

Seqspiris scenur istoriaSi aseve or tendencias:<br />

,,erTis mxriv, roca speqtakli idgmeba msaxiobebisaTvis<br />

samsaxiobo ZalebiT an reJisoris mier da meore, roca<br />

piesas asceniurebs reJisori, romelsac gaaCnia am piesis<br />

sakuTari interpretacia da romelsac eqvemdebareba<br />

msaxiobebi da speqtaklis damdgmeli jgufis wevrebi’’.<br />

avtori iqve dasZens: ,,unda aRiniSnos, rom es ori tendencia,<br />

romelic erTmaneTSi monacvleobs, Seqspiris<br />

gasceniurebis ZiriTadi ganmsazRvrelia qarTuli Teatris<br />

istoriaSi’’ (5; gv. 3). Seqspiris ,,mefe liris’’ scenuri<br />

gansxeulebis es xazebi mTlianad Tavsdeba TeatrSi<br />

sxvadasxva dros gamovlenili saerTo tendenciebisa<br />

da mimarTulebebis konteqstSi.<br />

XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi,<br />

roca jer kidev mkveTrad da myarad ar iyo Camoyalibebuli<br />

reJisoris profesia da TeatrSi wamyvani roli<br />

msaxiobs eWira, speqtaklebi idgmeboda konkretuli msaxiobis<br />

benefisisaTvis. mayureblis winaSe warmodgenil<br />

piesas Tavad benefisianti irCevda da speqtaklis ideur<br />

gadawyvetas Sesabamisad msaxiobebi gansazRvravda. ,,li-<br />

16

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i’’ sabenefisod araerTxel aurCeviaT kote yifians da<br />

valerian gunias, Tumca maT arCevans gacilebiT meti da<br />

mniSvnelovani funqcia hqonda. isini am tragedias mxatvrul<br />

daniSnulebasTan erTad ideur - politikur datvirTvasac<br />

aZlevdnen.<br />

,,mefe liris’’ pirveli premiera daemTxva qarTul<br />

TeatrSi mimdinare reformebs. Tavad is faqti, rom<br />

,,liri’’ asi repeticiis Semdeg iqna warmodgenili, rac<br />

sam Tveze meti droa, miuTiTebs ara mxolod imaze, rom<br />

Seqspiris dadgmas udidesi pasuxismgeblobiT ekidebodnen<br />

qarTuli Teatris mesveurebi, aramed imazec, rom<br />

CvenSi fexs ikidebs repertualuri Teatri, e.w. ,,magidasTan<br />

muSaobis’’ meTodi. im drois Teatris erT-erT<br />

yvelaze did problemad, ramac ,,mefe liris’’ dadgmaSic<br />

iCina Tavi, Teatrmcodne vasil kiknaZe miiCnevs ansamblurobis<br />

sakiTxs. ,,imdenad Zlieri iyo kerZo skulpturebis,<br />

aqtualuri individualizmis instituti, rom<br />

scenaze xSir SemTxvevaSi mTavari gmiris garda TiTqmis<br />

yvelaferi iZireboda ,,saerTo planSi’’. es iyo reJisuris<br />

yvelaze didi sazrunavi’’ (15; gv. 52). am mxriv, k. yifiani<br />

samagaliTo reJisorad asaxelebs m. bebuTaSvils.<br />

misi azriT, mas disciplinac hqonda da msaxiobTanac<br />

icoda muSaoba, magram speqtaklis centrSi mainc k. yifiani,<br />

rogorc artisti, idga. Tumca ,,lirze’’ muSaobisas<br />

Zalze didi iyo m. bebuTaSvilis funqcia, ara marto<br />

rogorc speqtaklis organizatoris, aramed reJisor-<br />

Semoqmedis. igi ,,msaxiobebTan erTad zedmiwevniT amuSavebda<br />

TiToeul saxes, yifiani iTvaliswinebda ra masze<br />

dakisrebuli amocanis sirTules, gulmodgined swavlobda<br />

liris xasiaTs’’ (16; gv. 58).<br />

warmodgenis mTlianobaSi danaxva, ansamblis grZnoba,<br />

scenografiis rolis amaRleba, patara rolis SesrulebisTvis<br />

didi mniSvnelobis miniWeba, ,,msaxiobTa<br />

yuradReba”, ,,siCumis mosmena”, ,,urTierTSeTanxmeba” _<br />

yvelaferi es reJisorul gadawyvetaze miuTiTebda” (15;<br />

gv. 84). magram yovelive es mxolod Canasaxis saxiT arsebobda.<br />

17

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XIX saukunis II naxevris da XX saukunis dasawyisis<br />

qarTul TeatrSi ,,mefe liris” ramdenime scenuri redaqcia<br />

Seiqmna. k. yifiani iyo pirveli, vinc liri gaacocxla<br />

scenaze, xolo TiTqmis sami aTeuli wlis intervaliT<br />

liris mxatvrul saxes valerian gunia<br />

SeeWida. welTa aseTi siSore metyvelebs piesis absolutur<br />

sirTuleze, igi Tavidanve erTgvar sajildao<br />

qvad iqca qarTul TeatrSi reJisorebisa da msaxiobebisaTvis.<br />

yifianisa da gunias liri im periodis Teatris<br />

RviZli da organuli nawarmoebia, romlebic nasazrdoebi<br />

iyo Tavisi drois ideebiT, SexedulebebiT, msoflmxedvelobiT...<br />

XX saukunis 20-iani wlebidan, roca qarTul Teatr-<br />

Si moRvaweobas iwyeben k. marjaniSvili da s. axmeteli,<br />

yalibdeba universaluri reJisuris Teatri, roca yvela<br />

da yvelaferi emorCileba reJisors. qarTuli Teatris<br />

ganviTarebis am etapze orive reJisori Seecada ,,mefe<br />

liris’’ ganxorcielebas, magram ramdenime repeticiis<br />

Semdeg maT Sewyvites piesaze muSaoba, Tumca moipoveba<br />

repeticiis Canawerebi, dRiurebi da TviT reJisorTa<br />

eqsplikaciebic ki. ,,liris’’ marjaniSviliseuli da axmeteliseuli<br />

gaazreba dRemde iwvevs mkvlevarTa interess,<br />

rac ganpirobebulia maT mier piesis universaluri<br />

da originaluri gadawyvetiT. naTeli xdeba, rom<br />

isini Taviseburad da, pirvel yovlisa, SemoqmedebiTad<br />

miudgnen ,,mefe lirs’’. ,,marjaniSvili miznad isaxavda<br />

liris saxis ,,ganviTarebaSi’’ Cvenebas da misi qmedebis<br />

fsiqologiuri motivirebis mignebas, axmetelis amocana<br />

ki iyo liris piradi tragedia umaRles sakacobrio<br />

vnebebamde aezida. misi gancdebisaTvis yovlismomcveli,<br />

rogorc Tavad ambobda, ,,kosmiuri mniSvneloba’’ mieniWebina’’<br />

(17; gv. 57). marTalia, ,,mefe liri’’ XX saukunis 20-<br />

ian wlebSi praqtikulad ar ganxocilebula, magram<br />

CvenTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs didi reJisorebis<br />

gaazrebas, rogorc saetapo mxatvrul movlenas<br />

,,mefe liris’’ scenur istoriaSi da im kvals, romelsac<br />

18

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qarTul sasceno Seqspirianas momaval ZiebebTan mivyavarT<br />

XX saukunis 60-80-ian wlebSi.<br />

XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis bolos droebiT Sewyda<br />

qarTuli reJisuris universalizmis xana da TeatrSi<br />

kvlav msaxiobebi lideroben, isini kvlav cdilobdnen<br />

Zalebis gamocdas reJisuraSi, mxolod im gansxvavebiT,<br />

rom isini axali, sxva rangis ostatebi iyvnen. ,,me-19<br />

saukunis didi msaxiobebisagan (v. abaSiZe, l. mesxiSvili,<br />

k. yifiani, k. mesxi da sxvebi) gansxvavebiT, axali Taobis<br />

msaxiobebi ufro Rrmad iyvnen garkveulni reJisuris<br />

arsSi (a. vasaZe, a. xorava, u. CxeiZe, v. anjafariZe). isini<br />

aRizardnen marjaniSvilisa da axmetelis universaluri<br />

da sinTeturi Teatris principebze, amitom gasagebia<br />

maTi cduneba _ reJisoris profesiac SeeTvisebinaT’’ (18;<br />

gv. 47), magram ,,tradiciaTa restavracia’’ srulad axal<br />

politikur da socialur garemoSi mimdinareobda. ,,Tu<br />

Zveli msaxiobebi warmoadgendnen koloniuri sistemis<br />

oponentebs, xorava da vasaZe harmoniul SeusabamobaSi<br />

unda moqceuliyvnen saxelmwifo sistemasTan. yvelaferi<br />

emorCileboda partiis nebas, mis simtkices’’ (18; gv. 75).<br />

amitomac maT gamoumuSavdaT TviTcenzuris mZlavri<br />

meqanizmi, romelic mudam, TavisTavad muSaobda. aseTi<br />

rTuli, umZimesi ideologiuri wnexisa da 1937 wlis<br />

represiebiT gamowveuli SiSis pirobebSi uwevdaT moRvaweoba<br />

,,sabWoTa Teatris muSakebs’’, ramac ,,garkveuli<br />

safuZveli Cauyara stabilur scenur formebs, welSi<br />

,,gamarTa ideurad’’, moipova mTavrobis ndoba da mxardaWera,<br />

,,yvelaferi moeqca aqtioruli monosistemis<br />

farglebSi’’ (18; gv. 84). am periodSi liris roli ganasaxieres<br />

al. imedaSvilma (reJisori d.anTaZe) da ak. xoravam<br />

(reJisori a. vasaZe). al. imedaSvils liri Cafiqrebuli<br />

hqonda, rogorc fsiqologiurad ganviTarebadi<br />

gmiri, romelic Tavdapirvelad egoisti, gulzviadi da<br />

ampartavani mmarTvelia, xolo adamianuri da mamobrivi<br />

grZnoba sadRac uxilav jurRmulSi aqvs mimaluli,<br />

magram ganvlo ra mefobis yvela safexuri, TandaTan<br />

igrZno, Tu ra aris usamarTloba, gaWirveba, dainaxa<br />

19

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adamiani, romelic manamde misTvis ucxo iyo. imedaSvilma<br />

Tavis interpretaciaSi liris mesame mxareze _ mamobriv<br />

sawyiszec gaamaxvila yuradReba, rac, misi azriT,<br />

TandaTan yvela grZnobas unda Crdilavdes. kritikosebis<br />

azriT, al. imedaSvils gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavad<br />

hqonda gadawyvetili scena, roca igrZnobs qaliSvilebis<br />

mourideblobas. mas ar surs realobas gausworos<br />

Tvali da yvelafers Tavis eWvianobas miawers,<br />

Tumca xvdeba, rom misi Zalebi Seryeulia, mainc mrisxanebs,<br />

boboqrobs, cdilobs xelovnurad SenarCunebuli<br />

mefuri didebiTa da ZlierebiT SeaCvenos gandgomili<br />

da moRalate qaliSvilebi. kidev erTxel surs imis<br />

demonstrireba, rom igi isev mZlavri da uflebamosili<br />

mefea, romelsac yvela unda emorCilebodes.<br />

imedaSviliseuli liris aseTi gaazreba axlos dgas<br />

sabWoTa xelisuflebis lideris diqtatorul TvisebebTan,<br />

Tumca Canafiqri, cxadia, ufro Serbilebuli da<br />

Selamazebuli saxiT ganxorcielda scenaze. aseTi paralelebis<br />

danaxva mxolod dRevandeli gadasaxedidan<br />

aris SesaZlebeli, Torem maSindeli mayurebeli amgvari<br />

asociaciis aRZvris SemTxvevaSic ki, araTu gaumxelda<br />

vinmes, aramed TavSic ki ar mouvidoda azrad, amis<br />

gaefiqra, imdenad didi iyo SiSis faqtori.<br />

daaxloebiT amave principebiT dadga akaki vasaZem<br />

,,liri’’ rusTavelis TeatrSi. ucnauri isaa, rom speqtaklis<br />

avtorebma _ vasaZem da xoravam Tavidanve icodnen,<br />

rom maTi mcdeloba kraxisaTvis iyo ganwiruli. ak.<br />

vasaZe pirdapir ambobs: ,,vicodi, rom Cavardeboda speqtakli,<br />

xoravas Cemi ar sjeroda, me misi. Cans, arc erTi<br />

viyaviT swori’’ (19; gv. 400) mixeil TumaniSvili igonebs:<br />

,,maxsovs xorava ,,liris’’ repeticiaze rogor ukmayofilo<br />

iyo dadgmiT, rogor itanjeboda premieris dRes,<br />

rogor SemogvCioda Cven, jer kidev studentebs, am speqtaklSi<br />

yvelaferi mcdariao. didi bavSviviT imuqreboda,<br />

yvelafers mivatoveb, fexs davkrav da lirs mcire<br />

TeatrSi (ratomRac!) viTamaSebo, iq mimiwvieso. maxsovs,<br />

rogor ar undoda gagiJebis scenaSi TamaSi. es misi mar-<br />

20

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cxi iyo’’ (20; gv. 37). faqtia, rom XX saukunis 40-ian<br />

wlebSi ganxorcielebul speqtaklebs aklda Sinagani<br />

aqtioruli siTbo da sWarbobda yalbi paTeTika. aSkara<br />

iyo, isic, rom vasaZis ,,mefe liri’’ dadgmuli iyo moZvelebuli<br />

Teatraluri meTodebiTa da formebiT, romelic<br />

Tanagancdas parterSi ukve aRar iwvevda. Teatraluri<br />

formebi saswrafo ganaxlebas saWiroebda. TeatrSi<br />

Seiqmna krizisis foni da saWiro iyo saswrafod<br />

Seqmnili situaciis gamosworebisaTvis brZolis dawyeba.<br />

cxadia, monumenturi speqtaklebi ufro sqematuri<br />

iyo, vidre realobasTan miaxloebuli nawarmoebi. meore<br />

mxriv, formalizmis dawamebis SiSiT iTrguneboda<br />

mravalsaxovan formaTa Ziebis survili, Tumca es droebiTi<br />

procesi iyo. TeatrSi ganaxlebis siom XX saukunis<br />

50-iani wlebidan daubera da igi uSualodaa<br />

dakavSirebuli stalinis gardacvalebasTan da axali<br />

xelisuflebis saTaveSi xruSCovis mosvlasTan. daiwyo<br />

Teatraluri Ziebebis axali, Seuqcevadi procesi. ganaxlebis<br />

talRam xelovnebis yvela sferoSi SeaRwia da<br />

daiwyo sruliad axali epoqa sabWoTa xelovnebaSi, romelsac<br />

axali Taoba qmnis.<br />

XX saukunis 60-iani wlebidan ki sadaveebs TeatrSi<br />

axali Taobis reJisorebi iReben xelSi (m. TumaniSvili,<br />

r. sturua) da Sesabamisad idgmeba e.w. ,,mTliani speqtaklebi’’,<br />

roca speqtaklis TiToeuli komponenti erT<br />

ideas da azrs emyareba. aseTi speqtaklebis rigSi<br />

moiazreba m. TumaniSvilis, g. lorTqifaniZis, r. sturuas<br />

da d. doiaSvilis erTmaneTisagan radikalurad<br />

gansxvavebuli msoflmxedvelobiT dadgmuli ,,mefe liri’’.<br />

Tu SevecdebiT SevqmnaT ,,mefe liris’’ dadgmebis<br />

diagrama, aRmovaCenT garkveul kanonzomierebas am periodebsa<br />

da saqarTvelos istoriis konkretul epoqalur<br />

movlenebs Soris. amis Sedegad ikveTeba, rom ,,liris<br />

yoveli dadgma CvenSi istoriulad rTul, daZabul<br />

periods emTxveva. am daZabulobis xasiaTidan da xarisxidan<br />

momdinare icvleba Seqspiris piesis ara marto<br />

mxatvrul-esTetikuri, aramed konceptualuri wyobac.<br />

21

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aqedan erTi xazi emTxveva aRmaval energiul qmediTobas,<br />

meore _ am problemebiT damZimebul depresiul<br />

mdgomareobas’’ (13).<br />

,,mefe lirs’’, dramaturgiulad am rTul konstruqcias,<br />

qarTuli Teatri mimarTavda arcTu ise xSirad,<br />

rogorc Seqspiris sxva piesebs. mis ganxorcielebas<br />

cdilobda araerTi gamoCenili reJisori. ,,mefe liri’’<br />

qarTul enaze Targmnis dRidan dRemde qarTul scenaze<br />

mxolod Svidjer iqna ganxorcielebuli. am scenur<br />

interpretaciaTa umravlesoba qarTul Teatrmcodneoba-<br />

Si miCneulia e.w. ,,Cavardnil speqtaklebad’’, Tumca maT<br />

TavianTi waruSleli kvali datoves ara marto qarTul<br />

scenur SeqspirianaSi, aramed Cveni Teatris istoriaSic.<br />

amasTanave, kvlevisas ,,Cveni dasayrdeni unda gaxdes<br />

yovelive is, ramac gauZlo drois faqtors, obieqturi<br />

da SemTxveviTi garemoebebis CaTvliT’’ (14; gv. 75).<br />

Tanamedrove Teatrmcodneobis winaSe xelaxla dgeba<br />

sakiTxi istoriuli movlenebis gadafasebis. globaluri<br />

procesebis pirobebSi intensiurad icvleba movlenebis<br />

Sefasebis kriteriumebi. icvleba msoflmxedveloba,<br />

Sesabamisad, konkretuli istoriuli movlenebisadmi<br />

midgomac. WeSmariti Semoqmedeba am mxriv bevr sa-<br />

Sualebas iZleva. TeatrmcodneobiTi mecnierebis mizania,<br />

dRevandeli gadasaxedidan Seafasos garkveuli<br />

mxatvruli movlena, radganac is, rac ,,sabWoTa xelovnebis’’<br />

miRwevad iTvleboda, dRes mxolod istoriuli<br />

faqtia da piriqiT. Cveni konkretuli mizanic kvlevis<br />

Semdgom etapze am sakiTxebis gaanalizebaa, imis gavarkveva,<br />

Tu ra konkretul istoriul pirobebSi idgmeba<br />

,,liri’’ qarTul TeatrSi da ramdenad aisaxeba masSi im<br />

epoqis sunTqva, ra faqtorebi ganapirobebda am piesis<br />

dadgmas, ama Tu im interpretaciis warmatebasa da<br />

marcxs, ra RirsebebiT gamoirCeoda mTeli rigi dadgmebi,<br />

Tu ra konkretuli adgili uWiravs ,,mefe liris’’<br />

scenur versiebs qarTuli Teatris istoriaSi. kvlevas<br />

ki mivyavarT im daskvnamde, rom ,,liris’’ konkretuli<br />

scenuri interpretacia mTlianad asaxavs Sesabamisi<br />

22

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periodebis politikur-socialur garemos. mxatvruli<br />

TvalsazrisiT ki, iqmneba misi TeatrSi ganxorcielebis<br />

garkveuli stereotipuli meTodi, rac zogadad qarTul<br />

TeatrSi arsebuli muSaobis stiliTa da xerxebiTaa<br />

nasazrdoebi.<br />

literatura<br />

1. k. inasariZe, Teatrismetyveleba, miunxeni, 1995.<br />

2. m. anTaZe, Seqspiris dramebis stilis zogierTi<br />

Tavisebureba, ,,qarTuli Seqspiriana”, t. 1, Tb., 1959.<br />

3. J. l. baro, fiqrebi Teatrze, Tb., 1990.<br />

4. e. Jvania ,,mefe liri” rusTavelis TeatrSi (sadiplomo<br />

Sroma), Tb., 1998.<br />

5. l. xeTaguri, Seqspiri qarTul scenaze (sadiplomo Sroma),<br />

Tb., 1986.<br />

6. n. yiasaSvili, winasityvaoba wignSi ,,qarTuli Seqspiriana”,<br />

t. 1, Tb., 1959.<br />

7. v. WeliZe, gamoCenil adamianTa cxovreba _ ivane maCabeli,<br />

Tb., 1968.<br />

8. g. gaCeCilaZe, ivane maCabeli, ,,qarTuli Seqspiriana”, t 2,<br />

Tb., 1964.<br />

9. sazRvargareTis Teatris istoria (mokuliskis saerTo<br />

redaqciiT), 1961.<br />

10. u. Seqspiri, dramebi, or wignad (Targmani v. WeliZis), Tb.,<br />

1971.<br />

11. g. gaCeCilaZe, Seqspiris Semoqmedebis xalxurobis sakiTxisaTvis,<br />

,,qarTuli Seqspiriana”, t. 1, Tb, 1959<br />

12. s. maro, Seqspiri da uZvelesi miTebi, ,,qarTuli Seqspiriana”,<br />

t. 3, Tb., 1973.<br />

13. m. korZaia, Seqspiris SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi<br />

(xelnawerisQuflebiT).<br />

14. l. xeTaguri, eqsperimentidan barokomde qarTul TeatrSi,<br />

Jurnali ,,Teatri da cxovreba”, 1996, #1-2.<br />

15. v. kiknaZe, qarTuli reJisuris istoriis narkvevebi, Tb.,<br />

1982.<br />

16. p. uruSaZe, Seqspiri da aRdgenili qarTuli Teatris SemoqmedebiTi<br />

amocanebi, Jurnali ,,Teatraluri moambe’’,<br />

1986, #4.<br />

17. p. uruSaZe, ,,mefe liri“ qarTul scenaze, werili I, Jurnali<br />

,,Teatraluri moambe”, 1988, #4.<br />

23

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18. v. kiknaZe, qarTuli dramatuli Teatris istoria, t. 2, Tb.,<br />

2001.<br />

19. ak. vasaZe, mogonebebi, fiqrebi, t. 2, Tb., 1983.<br />

20. m. TumaniSvili, reJisori Tetridan wavida, Tb., 1989.<br />

Lasha Chkhartishvili<br />

For ,,king Lears’’ interpretation issue in Georgian theatre<br />

Summary<br />

In publication ,,for ,,king Lears’’ interpretation issue in Georgian<br />

theatre,‘’ author, Lasha Chkartishvily reviews Georgian traditions for<br />

,,Lear’s’’ scene interpretations. He also speaks about ,,Lear’s’’ scene –<br />

stage tendencies and considers, that from these stages only Sturua’s and<br />

Chkikvadze’s ,,Lear’’ is successful. At last the author concludes, that the<br />

main support of ,,Lear’s’’ Georgian Interpretation is the sense of national<br />

unity and he thinks: Hhe aim of modern theatre science is to elucidate the<br />

concrete historical conditions in which ,,Lear’’ stages and how much it<br />

reflects breathing of epoch from today’s point of view.<br />

24

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kinomcodneoba<br />

25<br />

lela oCiauri<br />

niSani, simbolo, miTi - maTi<br />

struqtura, Seqmnisa da<br />

arsebobis mizezebi<br />

miTis Seqnis mizezebs garkveuli gansxvavebebi aqvs<br />

da gamomdinareobs iqidan, Tu ra realur, Tundac<br />

sulier kavSirSia samyaro im momentSi, rodesac esa Tu<br />

is miTi iqmneba.<br />

koleqtiuri, praqtikuli gamocdileba, rogoric ar<br />

unda iyos is, mravali Taobis mier grovdeba, amitom<br />

mxolod is ganixileba, rogorc sakmarisad saimedo.<br />

miTSi Cadebulia winaparTa sibrZnis rwmena, amitom gare<br />

samyaros faqtebis gacnobiereba rwmenis saqme xdeba, is<br />

ki SegrZnebebs ar eqvemdebareba, ar saWiroebs.<br />

`...miTosi Seicavs dafarul sazriss, fantastiuri<br />

saxeebisa da warmodgenebis miRma arsebuls. am sazrisis<br />

wvdomasa da gamovlenas isaxavs miznad Tanamedrove mecnieruli<br />

analizi. magram, amave dros, xazgasmiT<br />

aRiniSneba, rom Tanamedrove goneba ver moicavs adamianis<br />

kulturuli arsebobis yvela formebs, miTosis

---

struqtura ver daxasiaTdeba, rogorc racionaluri~, -<br />

wers zviad gamsaxurdia fundamentur naSromSi `vefxistyaosnis<br />

saxismetyveleba~.<br />

legenda da miTi - orive istoriul ambebs gvamcnobs,<br />

magram miTi burusiT mocul warsuls ganekuTvneba.<br />

aqedan Cndeba cneba `miTuri dro~, anu dro, rodesac<br />

samyaro ufro sxvanairad gamoiyureboda. miTuri gaurkveveli<br />

droa. legendas saqme istoriul personaJebTan<br />

aqvs, is ganekuTvneba gansazRvrul adgils da SeiZleba<br />

drosac, dakavSirebulia movlenis ritualur an<br />

socialur mniSvnelobasTan.<br />

zRapari - zRaprulia da arasakraluri. miTi -<br />

zRaprulia da sakraluri. istoriuli gadmocema – arasakraluri<br />

da arazRapruli. wminda istoria – arazRapruli<br />

da sakraluri.<br />

qristianulma miTologiam mTlianad da pirvelma<br />

moaTavsa RmerTi istoriul droSi, raTa dasabuTebuliyo<br />

ieso qristes istorizmi, Cven viciT, rom igi realurad<br />

pilate pontoelis epoqaSi cxovrobda. saerTod,<br />

miTologiuri saxeebi – gansakuTrebiT cocxalia, gansakuTrebiT<br />

mravalferovania da yovelTvis cxovrebis<br />

realobas asaxavs. miTSi yvela saxe (riTac metafora,<br />

simbolo sargeblobs) sruliad bunebrivad, srulebiT<br />

substanciurad aRiqmeba.<br />

simbolo, metaforisgan gansxvavebiT, azrobrivi<br />

TvalsazrisiT miuTiTebs ama Tu im sxva saTqmelze.<br />

arsebobs ufro SezRuduli da ufro farTo gagebis<br />

simboloebi. yvelaferi, rac simboloSi, alegoriaSi,<br />

metaforaSi fenomenurad da pirobiTadaa mocemuli,<br />

miTSi sinamdvilis amsaxveli xdeba. e.i. xdeba realuri<br />

movlenebisa da mTeli realobiT arsebuli substanciebis<br />

damkvidreba. Tumca, amave dros, simboloc, metaforaca<br />

da niSanic miTis Semadgeneli nawilebia, miTi<br />

maT eyrdnoba, maTzea agebuli, romelTagan safexuriT<br />

maRla mdgomi - simbolika, usasrulo simbolika pirdapir<br />

miTSi gadadis.<br />

26

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yoveli niSani Tavis srulyofil mniSvnelobas iZens,<br />

mxolod sxva niSnebTan konteqstSi. Tavis mxriv, konteqstSi<br />

ufarToesi principi igulisxmeba. niSnis<br />

mniSvneloba aris niSani, aRebuli konteqstebis WrilSi.<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi, niSani yovelTvis aris niSani da ara<br />

raime sxva, anu mas gaaCnia niSnis mniSvneloba Tavad<br />

niSnisgan gansxvavebiT. yovel niSans nebismier SemTxvevaSi<br />

aqvs mniSvneloba, gavigebT mas konteqstSi, raime<br />

niSnis gareSe. Tu gavigebT konteqstSi, rogorc niSans,<br />

TavisTavad aRebuls. Tu CavTvliT, rom yovel niSans<br />

erTi an ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs, SeiZleba vaRiaroT,<br />

rom arsebobs niSani, romelsac mniSvnelobis usasrulo<br />

ricxvi gaaCnia. `usasrulo niSani~ TiTqos SeuZlebelia,<br />

uazro da warmoudgeneli. Tumca arc imis uaryofa<br />

SeiZleba, rom konteqsti mravalgvari SeiZleba iyos.<br />

swored am SemTxvevaSi viyenebT termins `simbolo~. simbolos<br />

aqsiomaa, rom yovel niSans SeiZleba hqondes<br />

mniSvnelobaTa usasrulo raodenoba, anu iyos simbolo.<br />

ucxo sityvaTa leqsikonSi alegoria gansazRvrulia,<br />

rogorc `gadataniTi mniSvnelobis mqone formis erTerTi<br />

saxe, rogorc ganyenebuli cnebis gamoxatuleba<br />

konkretuli saxis meSveobiT. amave leqsikonSi isic<br />

naTqvamia, rom metafora aseve gataniTi mniSvnelobisaa,<br />

magram erT saganze meorisTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis<br />

gadatanis meSveobiT. sazogadod, es gansazRvrebebi<br />

sworia, magram arasakmarisi. maT aklia alegoriis arsebiTi<br />

niSani, rom mas mudmivi mniSvneloba aqvs. Tu<br />

marTlmsajulebis cneba Temidas – Tvalaxveuli qalis,<br />

romelsac xelSi saswori ukavia - saxiTaa warmodgenili,<br />

maSin es abstraqtuli movlena yovelTvis<br />

gamoixateba am da mxolod am, konkretuli, formiT. sxva<br />

SemTxvevaSi is `wakiTxuli~, aRqmuli, gacnobierebuli<br />

ar iqneba... alegoriisgan gansxvavebiT, metaforas mudmivi<br />

niSnebi ar gaaCnia. is subieqturia da yovel jerze<br />

xelaxla ibadeba. misi daniSnuleba is ki araa, abstraqcia<br />

gamoxatos, aramed is, rom sagnis axali Tvise-<br />

27

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ebi aRmoaCinos. amitom alegoria statikuria, metafora<br />

- dinamikuri.<br />

amave dros, metaforas TavisTavadi mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs da Tu is raimeze miuTiTebs, mxolod sakuTar<br />

Tavze. simboluri saxe bevrad mdidaria metaforaze da<br />

swored imitom, rom araTavisTavadi datvirTva aqvs,<br />

kidev raRacaze metyvelebs. imaze, rasac substanciurad<br />

araferi aqvs saerTo metaforas SemadgenlobaSi Semaval<br />

saxeobriv masalasTan.<br />

zviad gamsaxurdia aRniSnavs: `miTosis TiToeul simbolosa<br />

da alegorias specifiuri istoria aqvs. alegoria<br />

(`sxva ramis Tqma~) berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs<br />

ara mxolod igavur metyvelebas, aramed saerTod, metaforul,<br />

xatovan metyvelebasac. kvintilianeseuli ganmartebiT,<br />

igi aris `metafora kontinuata~, e.i. gangrZobili<br />

metafora. sityva `simboloc~ berZnuli warmoSobisaa<br />

da niSnavs niSs, xats, saxes, agreTve, igavur<br />

gamoTqmas, garkveuli ideis gamometyvels. amdenad, es<br />

orive cneba, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ganuyofelia rogorc<br />

miTosisgan, aseve poeziisgan.<br />

amrigad... antiurobaSi alegoria ganimarteboda, rogorc<br />

gangrZobili metafora, metaforTa jaWvi, romel-<br />

Sic sityvebi maTi Cveuli mniSvnelobiT ki ar ixmareba,<br />

aramed im mniSvnelobiT, romelic avtorma Cado masSi.<br />

am monacemebis moyvana imisTvis gaxda saWiro, rom<br />

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT damexasiaTebina qarTuli kinematografis<br />

saukeTeso nimuSebis zogierTi ZiriTadi da<br />

mTavari maxasiaTebeli niSani, radgan es kinosuraTebi<br />

koncentrirebulia gamomsaxvel xerxebze, sadac yvelaferi,<br />

rac kadrSia warmodgenili, yvela detali, kompoziciuri<br />

wyoba arsebiTia. radgan aisaxeba usaxuri, abstraqtuli<br />

Sinaarsi, kadri, Zalauneburad, alegoriul<br />

datvirTvas iRebs.<br />

amave dros, es filmebi igavis, miTis, legendis safuZvels<br />

eyrdnoba da maTi avtorebi saTqmelis gamoxatvis<br />

formad metaforas, simbolos, niSans, alegorias<br />

iyeneben, eZeben maT Sesatyvis kinogamomsaxvel xerxebs<br />

28

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da maT ekranul, vizualur, araerTgvarovan versiebs<br />

qmnian.<br />

antikuri da Suasaukunobrivi esTetikisTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

iyo xelovnebis gageba, rogorc moraluri<br />

WeSmaritebis grZnobadi asaxvisa, rogorc alegoriisa,<br />

anu gamoxatvis iseTi saxeobisa, romlis grZnobac formaSic<br />

imaleba filosofiur da eTikur sazrisi. xatovani,<br />

simboluri azrovneba, miTosuri cnobierebidan<br />

gamomdinare, mxolod da mxolod primitiuli yofisTvis<br />

rodia damaxasiaTebeli. cnebiTi azrovnebis, logikuri<br />

cnobierebis ganviTareba rodi spobs da akninebs xatovani<br />

azrovnebis rols, piruku, simboluri azrovneba evolucias<br />

ganicdis da yovel epoqaSi gvevlineba specifiuri,<br />

ganumeorebeli formiT, romelSic irekleba im epoqebis<br />

realuri, miTosuri da xelovnebis memkvidreoba.<br />

yvela dro sakuTar miTs qmnis da Tanamedrove mi-<br />

Tebis gmirebs im axal realobasTan uwevT Segueba, rodesac<br />

miTis Tanamedrove Semoqmedni cxovroben da<br />

qmnian. anu qmnian Tanamedrove models. lotmanis ganmartebiT,<br />

`modelis gageba aRniSnavs sinamdvilis asaxvis<br />

erTgvar xerxs, rogorc ar unda gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan<br />

calkeuli modelebi~.<br />

Tu mxatvruli nawarmoebi modelirebuli sinamdvilea,<br />

e.i. Tu sinamdvile warmoadgens samyaros kanonebis<br />

mixedviT modelirebul mxatvrul nawarmoebs, es mas<br />

xels ar uSlis, rom mxatvruli nawarmoebi droebiT<br />

dascildes masSi asaxul sinamdviles da sakuTar TavSi<br />

warmoadginos sakuTari konstruirebis imanenturi principi,<br />

e.i. iqces rogorc sakuTari calkeuli momentebis,<br />

aseve yovelive imis modelad, rac mis sferoSi miinavla.<br />

miTis Seqnis mizezebs garkveuli gansxvavebebi aqvs<br />

da gamomdinareobs iqidan, Tu ra realur, Tundac<br />

sulier kavSirSia samyaro im momentSi, rodesac esa Tu<br />

is miTi iqmneba.<br />

koleqtiuri, praqtikuli gamocdileba, rogoric ar<br />

unda iyos is, mravali Taobis mier grovdeba, amitom<br />

29

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mxolod is ganixileba, rogorc sakmarisad saimedo.<br />

miTSi Cadebulia winaparTa sibrZnis rwmena, amitom gare<br />

samyaros faqtebis gacnobiereba rwmenis saqme xdeba, is<br />

ki SegrZnebebs ar eqvemdebareba, ar saWiroebs.<br />

antikur tradiciebze, berZnul kulturaze aRzrdili<br />

evropuli azrovnebisTvis ucxo iyo is, rac aRmosavluri<br />

kulturisa da msoflmxedvelobisTvis saukuneebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi samyaros bunebrivi aRqmis safuZvels<br />

warmoadgenda.<br />

antikuri da Suasaukuneobrivi literaturis mkvlevarni<br />

Tanamedrove etapze did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen<br />

miTosia da poeziis urTierTmimarTebis dadgenas. mi-<br />

Toss ganixilavdnen, rogorc niadags, saidanac aRmocenda<br />

poezia, vinaidan mxatvruli azrovneba kacobriobis<br />

ganviTarebis uadres etapebze miTosis formiT<br />

vlindeboda, rasac ganapirobebda uwinares yovlisa religiuri<br />

cnobiereba.<br />

aRmosavluri filosofia uaryofda yovelgvar amqveyniurs<br />

da im samyaros, im cxovrebis mniSvnelobas<br />

aRiarebda. miwieri arseboba araferi, arara iyo. arsebobda<br />

da azri eniWeboda mxolod mas, rac adamians<br />

mere eloda, magram es iyo absoluturad mSvidi da uwyinari<br />

realoba, ara gandgoma Tanamedrove gagebiT, aramed<br />

arsebobis wesi.<br />

amqveynad yvelaferi SegiZlia gaakeTo, datkbe<br />

cxovrebiT, ixaro, igvemo, materialuri didebac ar<br />

daiviwyo an siRatakeSi gaataro sicocxlis dReni, magram<br />

namdvili cxovreba mxolod mere iwyeba, `cocxalTa<br />

mxareSi~, sadRac sxvagan da ara - aq.<br />

egvipturi da cota mogvianebiT, actekuri kulturebis<br />

kavSiri swored am miwieri cxovrebis uaryofasa<br />

da misgan saero cxovrebaSive gandgomaSi mdgomareobs.<br />

Tu ufro Sorsac wavalT da mivmarTavT msoflioSi<br />

pirvel literaturul Zegls `gilgameSs~, zogierT<br />

amgvar aspeqts iqac aRmovaCenT. yovelgvar amqveyniur<br />

siameTa da vnebaTa gzagamovlili mefe-gmiris ukvdavebisken<br />

swrafvaSi igive motivebi SeiZleba amovicnoT<br />

30

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(rac egviptur, Tu aRmosavlur literaturaSi, filosofiaSi<br />

gvxvdeba). ukvdaveba arsebobda ara aq, amqveyniur<br />

cxovrebaSi, aramed sadRac, Soreul mxareSi, sadac<br />

ukvdavi uTnafiSTimi saxlobda.<br />

TviT brZeni platonic ki, romlisTvisac ucxo iyo<br />

Wmunva da vaeba, samyaros gamoqvabulidan aRZruli<br />

aCrdilebis, legendebis, usxeulo arsebaTa sauflod<br />

aRiqvamda – didi berZeni, romlisTvisac ideali -<br />

harmoniulad (sulierad da fizikurad) ganviTarebuli<br />

adamianis silamaze, adamianisa da bunebis, adamianisa da<br />

garemomcveli samyaros absoluturi wonasworoba iyo...<br />

visi idealic idealuri saxelmwifo iyo, romlis<br />

arsebobac `ideebis~ doneze warmoedgina.<br />

kacobriobis arsebobis istoriaSi, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

dagrovilma tragikulma SegrZnebebma (yovelive<br />

amas win uZRoda gamocdilebiT dagrovili tragikuli<br />

SegrZnebebi, omebi, sisxlisRvra) safuZvliani niadagi<br />

moamzada da amdenad, XIX saukunis evropa ukve<br />

mzad iyo, mieRo is, rac XX saukunis tragediad iqca.<br />

cxovrebis amaoebaze fiqriT gaimsWvala XIX saukune<br />

da nihilisturma Sexedulebebma aCvena, rom cxovreba<br />

aRaraa iseTi momxibvlavi, rogoric adre iyo. iwyeba gamosavlis<br />

Zieba. filosofia da xelovneba cxovrebis<br />

amaoebasa da tragizms uRrmavdeba. cxovrebis amaoebaze<br />

fiqrma da yovelive amis evropuli azrovnebis qvecnobierSi<br />

daleqvam, xolo XIX saukuneSi aRmocenebulma politikurma<br />

Zvrebma - revoluciebma, dapirispirebebma<br />

(rodesac dapirispirebulTa Soris erTica da meorec –<br />

gamarjvebulica da damarcxebulic - gamarjvebisa da<br />

damarcxebis sixarulsa da dramas, faqtobrivad, erTnairad<br />

SeigrZnobs) Searyia adamianis azrovneba da masSi<br />

Cabudebul rwmenasac safuZveli gamoacala.<br />

Tu antikuri tragedia ganmwmendi, gamaTavisuflebeli,<br />

amamaRlebeli iyo, Tanamedrove tragedia burussa<br />

da SeZrwunebas moucavs. mas aRar aqvs Zala, adamianebs<br />

Sveba mohgvaros, radgan `RmerTi mokvda~, - acxadebs<br />

31

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nicSe, - `Cven is movkaliT~. nicSes epoqa nihilizmis<br />

epoqaa.<br />

jer kidev uxsovar dros, adamianebSi, miTebis mTxzvelebSi<br />

arsebobda protesti - RmerTebis, bedisweris,<br />

samyaros dakanonebuli wesebis winaaRmdeg, magram, igive,<br />

oidiposis protesti sicocxlis damkvidrebisken iyo mimarTuli,<br />

promeTeosis protesti - svla RmerTebis winaaRmdeg.<br />

misi moqmedebis dedaazric – cecxlis, sinaTlis,<br />

sicocxlis gamoglejaa adamianis mimarT mtrulad<br />

ganwyobili Zalebis samyarodan, mxolod sizifes miTi -<br />

es usasrulo tanjva da utyvi morCileba iqca XX saukunis<br />

usasrulo, kaeSniani yofisa da maradiuli Wmunvis,<br />

sazogado simbolur gamoxatulebad.<br />

ramdenad jdeba am sistemaSi qarTuli erovnuli xasiaTi,<br />

an is gza, romelic kulturaTa gzagasayarze –<br />

evropa-aziis aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis sazRvarze<br />

mdgomma saqarTvelom ganicada - miTuri - uxsovari<br />

droidan dRemde ra cvlilebebi ganicada qarTulma<br />

erovnulma xasiaTma da Sesabamisad, erovnulma kulturam<br />

im droidan, rodesac pirveli miTologiuri Txzulebani<br />

daibada, iqamde, rodesac mecxramete saukunis<br />

(nihilizmis epoqaSi) Seqmnilma kinematografma, saqar-<br />

TveloSi kinematografiuli nimuSebi dabada<br />

literaturuli procesis umTavres ganmapirobebel<br />

faqtorad iTvleba im istoriuli etapisaTis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

ideologiuri Tu esTetikuri kriteriumebi,<br />

romelmac warmoSva esa Tu is literaturuli skola<br />

Tu qmnileba. literaturul process verasodes SeviswavliT<br />

misi warmomSobi epoqisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sazogadoebrivi<br />

cnobierebisgan mowyvetiT, misgan izolirebulad,<br />

vinaidan igi Tavad aris anarekli am cnobierebis<br />

ganviTarebisa, misi specifikis gansazRvra ki<br />

SeuZlebelia am Sinagani urTierTkavSiris gauTvaliswineblad.<br />

am TvalsazrisiT, literaturis istoria ganuyofelia<br />

azrovnebis, sulis istoriisgan. didi literatura<br />

yovelTvis Rrma urTierTkavSirSi imyofeba Tavisi<br />

epoqis miTologiur, religiur, filosofiur Tu<br />

32

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mxatvrul azrovnebasTan da Tavad iyo gamomxatveli yovelive<br />

amis.<br />

faqtia, rom kulturis arc erTi movlena damoukideblad,<br />

`individualurad~, xelovnebis sxva dargebisgan<br />

mowyvetiT ar ibadeba da arc viTardeba, Tumca,<br />

kacobriobis ganviTarebis Sesabamisad, qarTuli xelovnebis<br />

istoriaSi arsebobs acdenebi da es acdena, 21-e<br />

saukunis dasawyisSi, meoce saukunis bolo aTwleulidan<br />

moyolebuli, aSkarad da TvalnaTliv gamoCnda.<br />

cnobilia, rom rwmena erTi RmerTis Sesaxeb (monoTeizmi)<br />

principSi gamoricxavs miTologias. xolo poli-<br />

Teizmis (mravalRmerTianobis) dros, saqme gvaqvs zebunebriv<br />

arsebaTa im mravalferovan seriasTan, romelnic<br />

aucilebelni arian miTologiuri moqmedebis ganviTarebisTvis.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, Tu Cven qarTuli kulturis im<br />

periods, rodesac saqarTveloSi, faqtobrivad, ar arsebobda<br />

RmerTis rwmena (cxadia, ideologiuri faqtoridan<br />

gamomdinare da ara, realurad), magram iqmneboda<br />

miTebze, legendebze, Tqmulebebsa Tu igavebze Seqmnili<br />

nawarmoebebi, swored `zebunebriv arsebaTa mravalferovani<br />

seriis Seqmnis~ epoqad aRviqvamT, xom ar niSnavs es<br />

dabrunebas im uZveles drosTan (cxadia, pirobiTad),<br />

rodesac gmirebi xdebodnen isini, vinc Tavidan amis safuZvels<br />

ar iZleoda, vinc aRiarebda samyaros usasrulobas<br />

da dro, romelSic cxovrobda, misTvis arara<br />

iyo. ararsebuli, namdvili dro, namdvili cxovreba ki<br />

mas iq da maSin eloda, rodesac samyaroSi raRac Seicvleboda,<br />

rodesac bazaleTis tbis saidumlos farda<br />

aexdeboda, rodesac awmyo, romelic ar gvwyalobda, momavalSi<br />

gagvimarTlebda, rodesac samyaroSi raRac moxda,<br />

gaucnobierebeli, moulodneli.<br />

moxdeboda is raRac, romelic isev da isev adamianma<br />

gamoigona da es gamonagoni SefarviT, pirobiTi, idumali<br />

niSnebiT, ucnauri `ieroglifebiT~ Sealamaza da<br />

dro, romelic yvelafris mmarTvelia, ubralod, mospo,<br />

gaaqro, radgan is ubralod, aRar dasWirda. wina pe-<br />

33

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iodebisgan (anu sabWoTa ideologiiT nakarnaxevi 30-40-<br />

50-iani wlebidan) gansxvavebiT, rodesac istoria iwereboda<br />

asaxuli sinamdvilis yvela arsebul kiTxvaze<br />

mza pasuxiT, rodesac realuri siuJeti ukve winaswar<br />

gansazRvruli daskvnebsa da reziumeebTan iyo SeTanxmebuli,<br />

rodesac saWiro iyo ara mxolod didi tyuili,<br />

aramed axali miTologia, rodesac gaCnda axali,<br />

revoluciuri xelovneba, ramac yvelasa da yvelafers<br />

Tavisi saTanado adgili miuCina. 50-iani wlebis meore<br />

naxevridan, es monoliTi, Tixis fexebze mdgomi goliaTi<br />

uecrad daingra.<br />

axali legendaruli sinamdvilis (meorenairad, socialisturi<br />

realizmi) Seqmnisas saWiro iyo axali moqmedi<br />

gmirebis Seqmna, romlebic Tavis analogs Zvel,<br />

ukve Camoyalibebul, saukuneebgamovlil saxeebSi hpovebdnen<br />

da gaCndnen – winaswarmetyveli revolucionerebi,<br />

maTi mociqulebi, raindi mxedarTmTavrebi, maTi saWurvelmtvirTavebi,<br />

maTi mtrebi da monebi, uwmindurebi,<br />

axali xalxi, axali morali, axali demonebi, axali gmirebi<br />

da uecrad (ra Tqma unda, ara erTbaSad) es yvelaferi<br />

gaqra.<br />

Tanamedrove kvleva sul ufro da ufro ixreba im<br />

Tvalsazrisisken, rom miTosi Seicavs dafarul sazriss,<br />

fantastiuri saxeebisa da warmodgenebis miRma arsebuls.<br />

am sazrisis wvdomasa da gamovlenas isaxavs<br />

miznad Tanamedrove mecnieruli analizi, magram amave<br />

dros, xazgasmiT aRiniSneba, rom ramdenadac goneba ver<br />

moicavs adamianis kulturuli arsebobis yvela formas,<br />

miTosis struqtura ver daxasiaTdeba, rogorc nacionaluri.<br />

erTgvar miTologiur `Cvenad~ qceuli Semoqmedi<br />

kvlav `me~-s niSnian personad iqca da man daiwyo,<br />

miTologiuri samyaros personaJTa msgavsad, adamianeb-<br />

Tan Sinagani Tvisebebis amotana, yvelafris ganumeoreblis,<br />

gansakuTrebulis Zieba, is, rac axlos iyo gamomxatvel<br />

bunebasTan, is rac axlos iyo sakuTar<br />

TavTan, im eris sworupovar TvisebebTan, romelsac igi<br />

34

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warmoadgenda da aq ukve, didi xania, aRar iyo dro<br />

nihilizmis, cxovrebis uaryofisa, jer komunizmis aCrdilma<br />

da Semdeg jansaR evropaSi (swored, 50-iani<br />

wlebis miwurulsa da 60-ianis dasawyisSi) dawyebulma<br />

moZraobam, axleburad Sefasebulma samyarom, axalma<br />

imedebma, axalma talRam, qarTvel xelovanTa da kinematografistTa<br />

rigebSic, SeiZleba pirdapiri ara, magram<br />

uxilavi pasionaluri kavSirebi daamyara.<br />

samyaro TiTqos didi xnis Zilisgan gamoerkva da<br />

gamofxizlda, sizmarSi nanaxi gakveTili cxadad aqcia,<br />

sizmari realobaSi gadmoitana, ufro sworad, realobas<br />

sizmris, zRapris, igavis, legendis (imis mixedviT, vis<br />

ra esizmra) forma mianiWa da galaktioniviT Tamamad<br />

ganacxada: `Cven vxedavT sizmrebs ara Tqveneburs~. am<br />

sizmrebs odnav tkbili surneli dahkravda, oRond es<br />

ar iyo jadosnuri sizmrebi, agebuli ocnebebsa Tu<br />

iluziebze, isini Zalian realuri da myarsafuZvliani<br />

sizmrebi iyo, romelTa arsebobac winaparTa gamocdilebam,<br />

maTma namRerma, nacekvma, maTma naTqvamma leqsebma<br />

Tu SeTxzulma legendebma - erovnulma tradiciam<br />

ganapiroba. miTologiuri samyaros personaJTa ganumeoreblobam<br />

aq Semoqmedebis individualobis ganumeoreblobis<br />

saxe miiRo, Zveli sistemebi dairRva, axlebi<br />

amoqmedda, istoriuli realoba, romelSic maT cxovreba<br />

uxdebodaT, axali ganzomilebebiT, axali `gamonagoniT~<br />

Seicvala. ar SeiZleboda saubari, _ ki, batono,<br />

sxvanairad vityviT; ar SeiZleboda fiqri, _ ki batono,<br />

am fiqrebs sxva formiT mogiyvebiT!..<br />

guram asaTiani Tavis naSromSi _ `saTaveebTan~<br />

aRniSnavs: `mTavari ki is aris, rom simaxinjis mZime<br />

zodebis qveS misi mzera (qarTveli kacis) mudam arCevda<br />

mSvenierebis gamWvirvale marcvlebsac, xolo ukuneTis<br />

wiaRSi sinaTlis miukvleveli sabadoebi eguleboda~.<br />

mxatvruli realoba amCnevs Tavisi arsebobis pirobebs,<br />

rac sruliad ar SeuZlia miTs; Tavis pirobebs<br />

amCnevs folkloruli Semecneba; zRaparma icis, rom gamogonilia,<br />

miTs eWvi arafris aqvs, iseve, rogorc ada-<br />

35

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mians, romelic miTis SigniT imyofeba, religiur adamians<br />

sWirdeba rwmena, raTa miiRos zebunebrivi saswauli,<br />

miTuri samyaros kacs es ar sWirdeba. is yovelgvar<br />

saswauls iRebs, rogorc savsebiT bunebriv movlenas.<br />

Tavis mxriv, daviT kakabaZe, cnobil wignSi _ `xelovneba<br />

da sivrce~, ambobs: `adamians unda icocxlos,<br />

amisTvis ibrZvis. mas unda sicocxle ufro metad<br />

ganicados, sicocxle daamkvidros, ganamtkicos, sicocxle<br />

Seqmnas, mibaZos arsebul sicocxles, bunebas,<br />

mis mier Seqmnili nawarmoebi ukve sicocxlis damkvidrebaa~.<br />

adamians, romelsac gadatanili aqvs sabWoTa `mi-<br />

Tologiis~ wlebi da romelmac SesaniSnavad iswavla<br />

Tavisi fiqrebisa Tu survilebis SeniRbva, axali sistemebis<br />

Seqmna SeuZlia, mas aqvs amis rwmena da amdenad,<br />

Tavisuflad epyroba garemomcvel samyaros - es odiTganve<br />

qarTveli kacis bunebaa.<br />

zemoxsenebul naSromSi daviT kakabaZe aRniSnavs:<br />

`adamianis sidiade imaSi isaxeba, rom is azrovnebiT<br />

amarTlebs Tavis cxovrebas da amitomac, kacobriobis<br />

istoriaSi is pirebi, romelTa Sroma Cveni cxovrebis<br />

gamarTlebaa, CvenTvis dauviwyarni xdebian. gavixsenoT<br />

udidesi pirovnebebi - religiis moRvaweni, xelovnebis<br />

damTavrebuli formis amsrulebelni, mecnierebis monapovarTa<br />

damamTavrebelni, CvenTvis es pirebi dauviwyaria,<br />

radgan isini amarTleben adamianis cxovrebas. adamianis<br />

cxovrebis gamarTleba gamoixateba Cven mier sxvadasxva<br />

saxis bunebis SeqmnaSi, xolo bunebis Secnobis-<br />

Tvis adamiani xmarobs sam saSualebas - religias, xelovnebasa<br />

da mecnierebas. Cveni cxovrebis gamarTleba<br />

swored xelovnebaSia. xelovneba erTaderTi saSualebaa<br />

Cveni cxovrebis azris ganmtkicebisTvis~.<br />

rodesac Cven vuyurebT im epoqis kinematografs, romelic<br />

60-70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi Seiqmna da romelmac<br />

moaxerxa, `gaeadamianurebina~ samyaro, epoqa, romel-<br />

Sic igi cxovrobda, cxovrebis azris ganmtkicebisTvis<br />

daeTmo, Seiqmna xelovnebis iseTi nimuSebi, romlebSic<br />

36

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marTla, mTeli gulwrfelobiT aisaxa is, rac qarTveli<br />

kacis bunebis jer kidev SemorCenil Tvisebebs warmoadgenda.<br />

am filmebSi qarTuli xasiaTi, qarTuli buneba,<br />

erovnuli kulturis tradiciebi da Tanamedrove<br />

azrovneba umTavres niSnebad iqca da amiT xelovanma<br />

SesZlo gaekeTbina is, rac, cxovrebis gamarTlebas warmoadgens,<br />

anu man Tavisi azrovnebiT gaamarTla cxovreba.<br />

guram asaTiani ambobs: `nurvin ifiqrebs, marTla gulubryviloni<br />

viyveT an simuxTlisa da veragobisa ara<br />

gvesmodes ra. ramdenic gnebavT, amaze meti ra gvinaxavs,<br />

magram bunebam da Semdeg qristes mcnebam Semwynareblobas<br />

Rrmad gaudga fesvi Cvens sulier samkvidrebelSi.~<br />

es Tvisebebi qarTvelma kacma da Sesabamisad, qar-<br />

Tulma kulturam me-20 saukunis 90-iani wlebis dasawyisamde<br />

SeinarCuna, maTi gaqrobis kvali xelovnebasac<br />

daetyo, es moxda maSin, rodesac rkinis godolTa nacvlad,<br />

xis demonebis mefoba damkvidrda da Cveni samkvidreblidan<br />

samudamod amoZirkva erovnuli xasiaTis ise-<br />

Ti Tviseba, rogoric Semwynareblobaa. Zveli gmirebis<br />

nacvlad axlebi movidnen da axali miTebis SeTxzvis<br />

droc damyarda.<br />

Lela Ochiauri<br />

Sign, Symbol, Myth – Their Structure,<br />

Reasons of Creating and Existing<br />

Summary<br />

Myth and Legend are both narrating historical information. The time<br />

period of Myth is not determinid, while legend is telling us about a<br />

specific, historical person.<br />

Action in the legend takes place at the spesific place and at the<br />

specifical time. Each age creates own myths and heros of the<br />

contemporery myths have to occure in the new realyty, in which the<br />

contemporery creators of myths exist.<br />

37

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When creating new legend reality, it is necessary to create new heros,<br />

which are far not the same as their analogies.<br />

38

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39<br />

oliko JRenti<br />

revoluciis sakiTxisaTvis<br />

ivane perestianis filmSi<br />

“arsen jorjiaSvili”, anu<br />

“general griaznovis<br />

mkvleloba” (1921w.)<br />

ivane perestianis filmi “arsena jorjiaSvili”<br />

(filmis meore saxelwodebaa “general griaznovis mkvleloba”)<br />

ekranebze 1921 wels gamovida (filmi gadaRebulia<br />

saqarTvelos saxalxo komisariatTan arsebuli<br />

kinoseqciis bazaze). axlad aneqsirebul saqarTveloSi<br />

gamosuli filmi sabWoTa xelisuflebam pirvel sabWo-<br />

Ta istoriul-revoluciur filmad monaTla da mas Semdeg<br />

es Sefaseba sabWoTa kinomcodneobaSi mtkiced damkvidrda.<br />

niSandoblivia, rom filmis Seqmnas safuZveli<br />

jer kidev pirveli demokratiuli respublikis period-<br />

Si Caeyara, manam, sanam bolSevikuri ruseTi saqarTvelos<br />

okupacias moaxdenda.Aaqedan gamomdinare, filmze<br />

“arsena jorjiaSvili” damoukidebeli saxelmwifos<br />

ideologiuri kursi ufro mkafiod aisaxa, vidre proletaruli<br />

diqtaturis revoluciuri idealebi.<br />

filmis scenaristi iyo cnobili mwerali da kinodramaturgi<br />

Salva dadiani. cnobilia, rom 1917 wels<br />

dadianis mier wakiTxuli sajaro leqciebis cikli<br />

“qarTuli kinozoli” miznad isaxavda axalgazrda qar-<br />

Tuli kinos ganviTarebas da sascenaro gegmis Semu-<br />

Savebas. dadianis erT-erTi moxsenebis mixedviT unda<br />

Seqmniliyo scenarebi erovnul gmirebze, qarTul legendebze,<br />

miTebsa da Tqmulebebze. XX saukunis dasawyisSi<br />

gansakuTrebiT popularuli iyo arsena jorjia-<br />

O

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Svilze SeTxzuli simRerebi, leqsebi, rac, upirvelesad,<br />

xalxuri gmiris idealizaciiT aixsneboda. Sesabamisad,<br />

“arsen jorjiaSvilis” dramaturgiul Taviseburebas<br />

qalaquri folklori, xalxuri poezia gansazRvravda.Llegendis<br />

da xalxuri Tqmulebis dramatuli<br />

xazi gagrZelda perestianis Semdeg filmSi “suramis<br />

cixe” (daniel WonqaZis amave saxelwodebis moTxrobis<br />

mixedviT _ 1922w.). amgvarad, gasabWoebis periodSi erovnuli<br />

kinodramaturgiis ganviTarebis safuZvlebi jer<br />

kidev gasuli saukunis 10-ian wlebSi Caisaxa.<br />

film ”arsena jorjiaSvilis” meore saxelwodeba<br />

iyo “general griaznovis mkvlelobis saqme.” saxelwodebis<br />

specifikidan gamomdinare, filmi kinoqronikisa<br />

da deteqtiuri romanis konstruqciiT iyo Seqmnili. XX<br />

saukunis dasawyisis (1905-1907) saqarTveloSi datrialebuli<br />

sisxliani revoluciis movlenebi damoukideblobis<br />

pirobebSi (1919-1921) ideur-mxatvrul gaazrebas da<br />

ideologiur Sefasebas saWiroebda, miT umetes, rom<br />

axalgazrda damoukidebel qveyanas bolSevikuri ruse-<br />

Tis mxridan seriozuli agresia da okupacia emuqreboda.<br />

marTalia, leninur-stalinuri diqtatisgan kino jer<br />

Sors iyo, magram axlo istoriuli warsuli menSevikuri<br />

mTavrobis mxridan piruTvnel Sefasebas da garkveuli<br />

poziciis dafiqsirebas moiTxovda. 1905-1907 wlebis<br />

revoluciis movlenebi ukve istoriul warsuls<br />

Cabarda, magram saWiro iyo imis gacnobiereba, rom qveyanas<br />

gacilebiT globaluri revoluciuri safrTxe eloda<br />

ruseTis bolSevikuri reJimisgan.<br />

XIX saukunis dasasruls, socialur niadagze warmoqmnili<br />

erovnuli ganxeTqileba 1907 wels ilias<br />

mzakvruli mkvlelobiT dasrulda, rasac sazogadoebaSi<br />

revoluciebis mimarT skeptikuri da kritikuli<br />

Sefasebebi moyva. 1919 wels, damoukideblobis mopovebis<br />

Semdeg, qarTul sazogadoebas kidev erTxel unda gaecnobierebina<br />

revoluciisa da ruseTis imperiis destruqciuli,<br />

damangreveli roli (ganurCevlad imisa, caristuli<br />

iqneboda ruseTis xelisufleba, Tu bolSevi-<br />

40

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kuri). 1907 wlisEwiwamuris tragedias saerTo-saxalxo<br />

gamofxizleba, RirebulebaTa gadafaseba da revoluciisa<br />

Tu marqsizmis mkacri kritika mohyva.Aamas<br />

mowmobs am periodis qarTuli presac: `sabralo, sawyalo<br />

revoluciav Cvens xelSi~, _ acxadebda vaJa ilias<br />

sazareli mkvlelobis gamo: `mxolod sawyals,<br />

ubadruks, ubadrukis Svilebis patrons saqarTveloSi<br />

SeiZleba amisTana mkvleloba... revoluciis saxeliT”<br />

(1). mZafri socialuri kataklizmebis miRma, partiul<br />

dajgufebebs ganridebuli qarTuli sazogadoeba, eris<br />

cxovrebaSi gadamwyvet, mravlis mimaniSnebel problemebs<br />

Wvretda da seriozulad acnobierebda epoqis winaSe<br />

wamoWril dilemas; amitomac daJinebiT cdilobda<br />

win aRdgomoda socializmis ideebisa da bolSevikuri<br />

propagandis gavrcelebas saqarTveloSi. am movlenebis<br />

Sesaxeb zviad gamsaxurdia Semdeg Sefasebas iZleva: `saukunis,<br />

epoqis sulma axali, sruliad gansxvavebuli<br />

moTxovnebi wamouyena erebsa da adamianebs. Seicvala<br />

ara martooden garegani saxe Cveni civilizaciisa, aramed<br />

inteleqtualuri reliefi, kulturis specifika.<br />

Seicvala ara marto azrovnebisa da mecnierul Tu<br />

mxatvrul ZiebaTa mimarTuleba, Seicvala Cveni fsiqika,<br />

aRmocenda axali gageba moqalaqeobrivi Tu inteleqtualuri<br />

sindisisa. yovelive aman gaamwvava dilema azrovnebis,<br />

moralis, eTikis, kulturis, sazogadoebriv-politikuri<br />

azrovnebis sferoSi. kacobrioba gzas aacdines<br />

mtrulma Zalebma, mcdarma msoflmxedvelobebma, demagogiurma<br />

social-politikurma mimdinareobebma, nacvlad<br />

am idealisa, maT dasaxes ideali am msofliuri keTild-<br />

Reobisa, praqtikuli sargeblianobisa, social-ekonomikuri<br />

`samoTxisa~ (2).<br />

films “arsena jorjiaSvili” unda aesaxa 1905-1907<br />

wlis revoluciis dReebSi muSebisa da inteligenciis<br />

fenebSi arsebuli revoluciuri ganwyoba da aqtivobis<br />

maRali done. arsena jorjiaSvilis pirovneba (msaxiobi<br />

mixeil Wiaureli) revoluciis fonze iwrToba da teroristad<br />

formirdeba; istorizmis da epoqis dokumentu-<br />

41

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ad asaxvis mizniT, kinoqronikis paralelurad, reJisorma<br />

revoluciamdeli rusuli salonur-melodramatuli<br />

filmebis aRdgenis, anu retrospeqtivis xerxs mimarTa:<br />

revoluciur mRelvarebas ganridebuli ruseTis<br />

samxedro aristokratia romantikul, bohemur wreebSi<br />

TavdaviwyebiT erToba da socialuri kataklizmebis mimarT<br />

indiferentulobas amJRavnebs; perestiani Sablonurad,<br />

meqanikurad ar misdevs rusuli salonuri kinematografis<br />

tradiciebs, piriqiT, kinematografiuli xerxebiT<br />

aRadgens epoqis damaxasiaTebel nihilistur, apa-<br />

Tiur atmosferos, ramac revoluciis Sedegad elitarul<br />

sazogadoebaSi daisadgura. erTmaneTs kontrastulad<br />

daupirispirda qronikalur-dokumenturi stilis<br />

kadrebi: quCa, xalxis masebi, proklamaciebis gavrceleba,<br />

sisxliani darbevebi da meores mxriv mxatvrulad<br />

gaformebuli interierebi, esTetikurad daxvewili<br />

salonebis Caketili sivrce, eqspresiuli ganaTeba, romelic<br />

kidev ufro amZafrebs revoluciuri qaosis mimarT<br />

nihilistur gancdas (kinooperatori aleqsandre diRmelovi,<br />

mxatvari puSi).<br />

perestianis filmi erTgvar kinoepopead iqca, romelic<br />

saqarTvelos uaxles istoriul warsuls fragmentulad<br />

acocxlebda.Kkinoepopeis xazs perestiani agrZelebs<br />

sabWoTa revoluciis Temaze Seqmnil filmSi “wi-<br />

Teli eSmakunebi” (1924w.), romelmac 20-ian wlebSi sab-<br />

WoeTis masStabiT daipyro mayureblis uzarmazari<br />

auditoria. saTavgadasavlo-avantiuruli Janris filmis<br />

_ “wiTeli eSmakunebis” gmirebi mozardebi arian, romlebic<br />

revolucionerobanas TamaSobdnen da erTnairad<br />

aSarJebdnen revoluciis gmirebsac da antigmirebsac.<br />

amiT iyo gamowveuli filmis arnaxuli warmatebac. am<br />

periodSi jer kidev daSvebuli iyo revoluciis Tamami<br />

SarJi da groteski, misi eqscentrikuli formiT<br />

warmoCena. filmi naklebad emorCileboda bolSevikur<br />

koniunqturas, amitomac aRmoCnda igi masobrivad ase<br />

warmatebuli (perestiani films scenaris gareSe, impro-<br />

42

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vizaciiT iRebda, rac uprecendento SemTxveva iyo<br />

qarTuli kinos istoriaSi).<br />

am filmSi e.w. salonuri scenebis paralelurad perestianma<br />

Zveli qronikis aRdgenis meTods mimarTa _<br />

dokumenturisa da mxatvrulis Serwymis principi novatorobad<br />

iTvleboda im periodis qarTul kinoSi,<br />

mogvianebiT am princips kinoSi daamkvidreben cnobili<br />

sabWoTa reJisorebi, maT Soris sergei eizenSteinic.<br />

filmis _ “arsena jorjiaSvili” _ prologSi erTmaneTs<br />

enacvleba Tbilisis rkinigzis depos muSaTa<br />

saprotesto aqciebi, masobrivi gamosvlebi, gaficvebi,<br />

demonstraciebi Tbilisis centralur quCebSi _ golovinis<br />

prospeqtze, rasac xelisufalTa mxridan umkacresi<br />

darbevebi, represiebi da xalxis masobrivi mRelvareba<br />

mosdevs. paraleluri montaJis saSualebiT filmSi<br />

moqmedebis ukiduresi daZabulobisa da dinamiuri tempo-ritmis<br />

efeqtia miRweuli; filmis gmiriAarsena jorjiaSvili<br />

rkinigzis depos muSaa, romelic megobrebTan<br />

erTad mxurvaled TanaugrZnobs revolucias da rusuli<br />

imperiis Zaladobas rainduli SemarTebiT, martodmarto<br />

erkineba. caristuli reJimis mier ganxorcielebuli<br />

represiebi da masobrivi devna (Savi reaqciis mZvinvare<br />

periodi) arsenas TanamebrZolTa ukmayofilebas da<br />

protests iwvevs. arsena jorjiaSvili muSa-amxanagebTan<br />

faruli SeTanxmebiT ruseTis armiis general griaznovze<br />

teroristul Tavdasxmas awyobs. filmis meore<br />

nawilSi arsenas gmiris fsiqologiuri da ideologiuri<br />

gardasaxva xdeba, rac mis garegnobazec aisaxeba _ muSa<br />

revolucioneris tipi, teroristi da meamboxe arsena<br />

rafinirebul inteligentad da meocnebe idealistad<br />

gardaiqmneba. misTvis ucxo xdeba marqsizmis mSrali<br />

racionalizmi, muSaTa da glexTa proletarul Zaleb-<br />

Tan kavSirs kategoriulad ar eswrafvis, arc eqspresiuli<br />

gznebiT Wvrets xalxis `naTel momavals~. arsenas<br />

gmiri xazgasmiT individualisti xdeba, yovelgvar<br />

partiul-revoluciur interesebisgan gandgomili, is<br />

mkacrad emijneba Tavis warsuls da brZolis kurss<br />

43

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“bednieri da naTeli momavlisTvis”. mas eufleba rwmena,<br />

rom bednieri momavali Zaladobis, teroris da revoluciuri<br />

amboxis gareSec miiRweva. ruseTis imperiuli re-<br />

Jimisadmi daumorCileblobas arsena Tavisi mowameobrivi<br />

RvawliT da msxverplSewirviT gamoxatavs. amgvarad,<br />

mixeil Wiaurelis gmiri gansxvavdeba tipuri revolucioneri<br />

gmirisgan, rogorsac sabWoTa kinematografi<br />

mogvianebiT, 30-40-ian wlebSi sTavazobda mayurebels.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, sabWoTa kinokritikisTvis miuRebeli<br />

swored arsena jorjiaSvilis “individualizmi”,<br />

masebisgan gandgoma aRmoCnda. marTlac, gandegili arseni<br />

ar eswrafvis masebTan kavSirs. bolSevikuri revolucia<br />

da proletaruli diqtatura ki gmobda yovelgvar<br />

individualur, pirovnul gamovlinebas, da mxolod<br />

liderisa da masebis solidarobas aRiarebda.<br />

mogvianebiT perestiani Tavis mogonebebSi werda,<br />

rom revolucia mas “poetur ferebSi” hqonda warmodgenili,<br />

rac imas adasturebs, rom, rogorc xelovani, is<br />

bolSevikuri revoluciis ideologiurs arss ar aRiarebda.<br />

es iyo is ZiriTadi mizezi, ris gamoc perestianma<br />

bolSevikuri ruseTi datova da 1920 wels saqarTvelos<br />

Seafara Tavi (bunebrivia, rom ruseTidan gaqcevis<br />

realur mizezs avtobiografiul wignSi, romelic<br />

sabWoTa periodSi gamoica, perestiani ar akonkretebda).<br />

Tavis droze, moskovSi moRvaweobis periodSi, sabWoTa<br />

xelisufleba perestians revoluciuri Tematikis filmebis<br />

gadaRebas avalebda; igive perestiani SeniSnavda,<br />

rom “yvela is scenari, romelic, marTalia, Zalian<br />

naivuri iyo, magram revoluciur Temebs eZRvneboda,<br />

kinokomitetis sascenaro ganyofilebis mier kategoriulad<br />

miuRebeli iyo”. igive pozicia hqonda Tavad reJisorsac.<br />

perestianis kinematografs mkafiod gamoarCevs revoluciamdeli<br />

rusuli kinematografsiTvis damaxasiTebeli<br />

dekadenturi stili da bedisweris mistikuri motivebi,<br />

riTac aseve gamsWvalulia filmi “arsena jorjiaSvili.”<br />

filmis gmiri arseni, zogadad, revoluci-<br />

44

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ur-anarqiuli epoqis pirmSoa, mis cxovrebas da moRvaweobas<br />

faruli fataluri da iracionaluri Zalebi<br />

warmarTavs. amgvarad,Fperestianis filmi revoluciuri<br />

kinos klasikur sqemebs naklebad emorCileboda, maSin,<br />

roca sabWoTa kinos istorikosebi mas pirvel sabWoTa<br />

revoluciur filmad aRiarebdnen, ufro metic, bol-<br />

Sevikur xelisuflebas surda, am filmiT `politikuri<br />

done~ da “revoluciuri Segneba ganemtkicebia” xalxis<br />

masebSi. filmis mxatvruli analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs<br />

aRvniSnoT, rom `arsena jorjiaSvili” xazgasmiT<br />

antirevoluciuri paTosis filmia, Sesabamisad, filmis<br />

avtorebisTvis miuRebeli iqneboda bolSevikuri revolucia<br />

da misi cru idealebi. amgvari daskvnebis<br />

gamotanis saSualeba hqonda ivane perestians, romelic<br />

revoluciamdeli rusuli kinos varskvlavi da erTerTi<br />

wamyvani kinoreJisori iyo. 1917 wlis bolSevikuri<br />

revolucia da proletaruli diqtatura perestianis<br />

SemoqmedebiTi individualobis daTrgunvas da ideologiur<br />

zewolas Seecada, amis mizezi iyo, rom perestiani<br />

saqarTveloSi gamoiqca da, rogorc emigrantma,<br />

damoukidebel respublikas Seafara Tavi.<br />

bunebrivia, rom kinoxelovanisa da ruseTis inteligenciis<br />

antirevoluciuri paTosi mkafiod aisaxeboda<br />

perestianis kine-matografzec, rac reJisorma saqarTvelos<br />

gasabWoebis pirobebSic ki moaxerxa (“suramis<br />

cixe”, “wiTeli eSmakunebi,” “gaflangva”, “ilan dili”,<br />

“Tavadis qali Sirvanskaias danaSauli,” “savur mogila”,<br />

da sxv.). arsenas (mix. Wiaureli) mier general<br />

griaznovze ganxorcielebuli teroristuli aqti gmiris<br />

politikuri aramdgradobisa da uprincipobis Sedegad<br />

ufro aRiqmeba, vidre Segnebul da gaazrebul politikur<br />

nabijad. teroristuli aqtis mzadebisas<br />

naCvenebia arsenas sulieri brZolisa da winaaRmdegobis<br />

gamomxatveli epizodebi – uZilo, tanjuli Rameebi,<br />

gaurkveveli SiSi, dabneuloba.Aarseni moralur sisustes<br />

da unebisyofobas iCens, TiTqos survili aqvs Tavi<br />

aaridos mZimed dakisrebul misias. sagulismoa, rom<br />

45

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muSa arseni sakuTari neba-surviliT ar gadawyvets teroristuli<br />

aqtis ganxorcielebas, es misi piradi<br />

arCevani ar aris, da mxolod megobrebTan wilisyris<br />

Semdeg iZulebulia general griaznovze Tavdasxma ganaxorcielos.<br />

misi xasiaTisTvis ucxoa revolucioneris<br />

moraluri simtkice da paTosi, rac erTob damaxasia-<br />

Tebeli iyo 30-40-iani wlebis sabWoTa kinos gmirebisTvis,<br />

piriqiT, perestiani ar erideba, rom gmiris sisusteebi<br />

da sulieri aramdgradoba warmoaCinos. niSandoblivia,<br />

rom arsenas gmiri idealisti da romatikosia,<br />

amgvar niSnebs ki sagrZnoblad moklebuli iyo<br />

bolSevikis stereotipuli saxe sabWoTa kinoSi. filmis<br />

avtorebi arsens warmoaCenen, rogorc rafinirebul<br />

inteligents da moazrovnes, oRond aseTad igi mxolod<br />

teroristuli aqtis _ revoluciis Semdgom etapze yalibdeba,<br />

anu mas Semdeg, rac arsena moinaniebs Tavis<br />

revoluciur warsuls, ganudgeba muSa-amxanagebis<br />

jgufs da melanqoliuri, martosuli da meocnebe xdeba.<br />

amgvari sulieri metamorfoza misi piradi gansjisa da<br />

inteleqtualuri analizis Sedegia: SeuZlebelia anarqiis,<br />

terorisa da revoluciis gamarTleba, _ aseTia<br />

filmis avtorTa koncefcia, romlis mxatvruli-alegoriuli<br />

saxe filmis gmiri – arsena jorjiaSvili xdeba.<br />

filmis pirvel nawilSi arsenas revoluciuri<br />

qmedeba srul kraxs, tragikul marcxs ganicdis. film-<br />

Si mravladaa citirebuli revoluciuri lozungebi da<br />

paTetikuri replikebi, Sesabamisad, muSa arsenas qceva,<br />

moqmedeba xazgasmulad manerulia da paTetikuri, rac<br />

msxvili kinoplanebiT gadmoicema (Wiaurelis plastikuri<br />

Jesti da mimika SesamCnevad Teatraluria).Ffilmis<br />

meore nawilSi, roca muSa-arsenas sulieri da fizikuri<br />

gardasaxva xdeba, gmiri qarizmatul-profetul<br />

da aristokratizmis niSnebs iZens.<br />

film “arsena jorjiaSvilis” magaliTze 20-iani<br />

wlebis dasawyisis qarTul kinoSi gamoikveTa wamebuli,<br />

tanjuli gmiri-raindis (msxverplis) ekranuli saxe:<br />

gmiri ufro metad idealisti da romantikosia usamar-<br />

46

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TlobasTan, Sav-bnel da reaqciul ZalebTan dapirispirebaSi.<br />

is mudam martoa, mas ar hyavs ideuri mimdevrebi,<br />

arc romelime partiuli Tu proletaruli dajgufebis<br />

interesebs iziarebs. brZolis pirvel etapze jorjiaSvilis<br />

tipi ufro anarqisti da brma bedisweris msxverplia,<br />

ar aris gamokveTili misi socialuri funqcia.Mmagram<br />

Semdeg etapze teroristi muSaDgardaiqmneba<br />

inteligentad _ is aRar agrZelebs revoluciur moRvaweobas,<br />

piriqiT, ganudgeba Tavis warsuls. revoluciisadmi<br />

erTguleba arsenas sakuTari ojaxis _ dedis<br />

(msax. elisabed CerqeziSvili), sayvareli debis, satrfos<br />

(msax. alisia qiqoZe) dakargvis fasad daujda.<br />

gmiri acnobierebs, rom revolucia usazRvro msxverpls<br />

iTxovs _ revoluciis saxeliT man daTmo yvelaze uaxlesi<br />

da Zvirfasi _ deda da debi. aseTia revoluciis<br />

ulmobeli kanoni. arsenas datirebis scenaSi mkafiod<br />

ikveTeba saxarebiseuli motivebi, magaliTad sikvdilis<br />

win (mowamebriv sikvdilamde) datusaRebul arsenas<br />

deda da debi moinaxuleben, deda jalaTebisgan tanjul<br />

Svils daitirebs (aluzia qristes datirebis scenasTan).<br />

caristuli ruseTis xelisufleba arsenas gmirs<br />

nariyalas Zveli cixis fonze miusjis daxvretas. feodaluri<br />

periodis cixesimagre zogadad Zaladobis, sibnelisa<br />

da tiraniis simboloa (bolSevikuri tiraniisgan<br />

devnil adamianebsac am cixeSi awamebdnen 20-ian wlebSi).<br />

igive Tematuri xazi grZeldeba perestianis Semdgom<br />

filmSi “suramis cixe”; iseve, rogorc “arsena jorjiaSvilSi”,<br />

“suramis cixis” siuJeti legendas, miTs,<br />

xalxur Tqmulebas efuZneba. kinematografma arsenas,<br />

rogorc erovnuli gmiris, miTologizeba moaxdina. arsena<br />

xalxis bednieri momavlisTvis, TavisuflebisTvis<br />

wamebuli gmiri ufroa, vidre proletaruli revoluciisgan<br />

Sobili gmiri, rogorsac mas sabWoTa kinoSi<br />

saxavdnen.<br />

arsenac da zurabic (”suramis cixe”) qarTveli<br />

xalxis wiaRSi Sobili gmirebi arian, romlebic konkretul<br />

socialur-politikur problemebs sagrZnoblad<br />

47

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daSordnen da mowamebrivi Rvawlis Sedegad legendad<br />

iqcnen. “suramis cixis” gmiric ar SeiZleba miviCnioT,<br />

rogorc batonymuri Zaladobis da tiraniis msxverpli<br />

(rogorsac sabWoTa koniunqtura moiTxovda), is, zogadad,<br />

iracionaluri, mistikuri Zalebis msxverplia da<br />

mis mowamebriv cxovrebaSi qristianul-apokriful<br />

teqstebs ufro amovikiTxavT.<br />

filmSi “arsena jorjiaSvili”Eekranze Cndeba qar-<br />

Tveli qalis monumenturi, simbolur-alegoriuli saxe:<br />

arsenas satrfo _ nino (msax. alisia qiqoZe) grZeli,<br />

Savi mandiliTa da ZaZebiT Semosili qali, eqspresiulad<br />

gamomsaxvel ekranul saxes qmnis.Nninos gmiri<br />

Rrma sulier gancdebsa da idumal sevdas Seupyria, es<br />

ar aris mxolod satrfosTan ganSorebiT gamowveuli<br />

sevda.Ddamwuxrebuli qali mdumare da gaqvavebuli<br />

saxiT Cndeba ekranze, is winaswar grZnobs mosalodnel<br />

tragedias _ arsenas mowamebriv sikvdils. msaxiob<br />

qiqoZis gmiri zogadad, daRupul gmirebze mgloviare<br />

qarTveli qalis simbolos ganasaxierebs. am epizodSi<br />

nino mxolod arsenas satrfo ki ar aris, aramed, mwuxare,<br />

mgloviare saqarTvelos plastikur-alegoriuli<br />

saxe, romelic profetul niSnebsac iZens: ZaZebiT Semosili<br />

qali Tavis daRupul Svilebsa da Zmebs dastiris.<br />

amgvarad, perestianisFfilmi winaswarmetyveluri aRmoCnda<br />

da im gansacdelze mianiSna, rac moevlina saqarTvelos<br />

1921 wlis sabWoTa okupaciis saxiT. savaraudoa,<br />

rom qali-gmiris mxatvruli saxis Seqmnisas<br />

filmis avtorebs daexmara iakob nikolaZis cnobili monumenturi<br />

Zegli “mwuxare saqarTvelo”, romelic mTawmindaze<br />

ilias saflavTan aRimarTa. maqsimalurad Zunwi<br />

plastikiTa da TavSekavebuli moZraobiT gadmocems msaxiobi<br />

qiqoZe moaxloebul gansacdels, mayurebelic<br />

grZnobs, rom arsenas msxverplSewirva da sikvdili<br />

garduvalia.<br />

im periodSi, roca arsena jorjiaSvili revoluciur<br />

sarbielze gamoCnda, 1905-1907 wlebSi, ioseb juRaSvili<br />

sayovelTao politikuri gaficvebisa da SeiaraRebisken<br />

48

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mouwodebda muSebs. mTavari gmiris _ arsena jorjiaSvilis<br />

xasiaTisa da moqmedebis dramatuli ganvi-<br />

Tarebis procesSi, scenaris avtori Salva dadiani iTvaliswinebda<br />

im revoluciur ganwyobas, rac 1905-1907<br />

wlebSi ilias mkvlelobis wina periodSi qarTul sazogadoebaSi<br />

sufevda: ilia, icavda ra erovnuli da politikuri<br />

Tavisuflebis ideas, ideologiurad mkacrad<br />

emijneboda revoluciuri ideologiis damcvel partiebs<br />

da maT beladebs. saqarTvelosa da ruseTSi stiqiurad<br />

aRzevebul revoluciur-socialur moZraobebs iliaseuli<br />

klasobrivi gaerTianebis idea daupirispirda:<br />

”yvela wodebis qarTvels erToblivi brZola unda<br />

ewarmoebina erovnuli TavisuflebisTvis” _ aseTi iyo<br />

ilias msoflmxedvelobrivi pozicia. kerZo sakuTrebas,<br />

rasac bolSevikebi daundoblad ebrZodnen, ilia eris<br />

cxovrebis qvakuTxedad moiazrebda. calkeul epizodebSi<br />

_ arsenasa da ninos Sexvedris scenebSi, arsenas<br />

gmiri _ Savgremani Tma-wveriT, Cacmis stiliT, grZeli<br />

pijakiTa da Savi SlapiT, daxvewili aristokratiuli<br />

manerebiT axalgazrda ilia WavWavaZis portrets mogvagonebs,<br />

rac imis mimaniSnebelia, rom jorjiaSvilis<br />

ideuri gardasaxvis procesSi ilias pirovnuli faqtoric<br />

TamaSobda garkveul rols: rkinigzis depos muSa,<br />

teroristi arsena, proletarul ZalebTan konsolidaciis<br />

nacvlad, moazrovne humanistad, rafinirebul inteligentad<br />

yalibdeba (calkeul epizodebSi, mixeil Wiaurelis<br />

arseni SeiZleba axalgazrda juzepe garibalds<br />

SevadaroT. cnobilia, rom axalgazrda ilia erT dros<br />

TanaugrZnobda garibaldis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel<br />

brZolas). arsenas, rogorc gmiris, metamorfoza filmis<br />

ZiriTadi qveteqstiT aixsneba: socialur idealebs sazogadoebaSi<br />

erovnuli idealebi unda Caenacvlos, ris<br />

Sedegadac sazogadoebis nawilma kategoriulad unda<br />

uaryos da dagmos revoluciuri warsuli da terori.<br />

filmis “general griaznovis mkvleloba” anu “arsena<br />

jorjiaSvili” erT-erT ideur da mxatvrul naklovanebad,<br />

sabWoTa kritikis mxridan miCneuli iyo is, rom<br />

49

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“aq gamarTlebuli iyo individualuri teroris heroizireba,<br />

ramac yovelgvar sazRvars gadaaWarba.” magram<br />

sabWoTa kritika ratomRac gaurboda imis aRiarebas,<br />

rom filmis avtorebisTvis swored “individualuri teroris<br />

heroizirebaa” miuRebeli da dasagmobi, radgan<br />

misi uaryofiTi Sedegebi ukve gaanaliza da Seafasa<br />

qarTulma sazogadoebam _ ilias mzakvruli mkvleloba<br />

teroristuli Tavdasxmis da revoluciis Sedegi iyo,<br />

amitomac mimarTes filmis avtorebma gmiris radikaluri<br />

gardasaxvis mxatvrul xerxs: “individualuri terori”<br />

gaumarTlebeli da miuRebeli xdeba arsenasaTvis,<br />

iseve rogorc bolSevikuri Zaladoba, sisxliani represiebi<br />

da klasobrivi SurisZieba, anu yovelive is, rac<br />

1917 wlis bolSevikurma revoluciam da wiTelma terorma<br />

Tan moitana ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi.Aamitomac<br />

ase radikalurad icvleba arsenas Segneba, mrwamsi da<br />

Sexedulebebi. misTvis ufro misaRebi xdeba qristianuli<br />

morali da mowamebrivi Rvawli, da amiT igi radikalurad<br />

gaemijna Tavis Sav-bnel revoluciur warsuls.<br />

sainteresoa, rom filmis _ “arsena jorjiaSvili” _<br />

avtorebma xazgasmulad mistikuri elementebi SesZines<br />

personaJebs da qronikalur-dokumenturi Txroba alegoriul-metaforuli<br />

saxeebiT gaamdidres. istoriuli<br />

warsuli iracionalurad moiazreba, amiT gamoixata is<br />

koncefcia, rac damoukidebeli saqarTvelos politikuri<br />

kursisTvis ufro misaRebi iyo, amasTanave, sabolood<br />

Sejamda 1905-1907 wlebis revoluciis destruqciuli,<br />

damangreveli Sedegebi: saqarTvelos bolSevikuri<br />

aneqsia da wiTeli terori moeloda, Tuki ar gaacnobierebda<br />

da ar aRiarebda revoluciis dros Cadenil sabediswero<br />

Secdomebs.Ees aris mizezi, rom filmi “arsena<br />

jorjiaSvili” misticizmiTa da winaswarmetyveluri motivebiTaa<br />

gamsWvaluli. im periodisTvisFfilmis mxatvruli<br />

done imdenad maRali iyo, rom xelisufleba<br />

filmis proletkulturuli interesebisTvis gamoyenebas<br />

Seecada, Tumca es mxolod sawyis etapze _ mogvianebiT,<br />

50

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oca sabWoeTSi beladis diqtatura damyarda da kinoSi<br />

samudamod damkvidrda WeSmariti revolucioneris stereotipuli<br />

sqema, romatikuli da meocnebe arsena jorjiaSvilis<br />

saxe ukve miuRebeli gaxda sabWoTa ideologiisTvis.<br />

G<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura<br />

1. vaJa fSavela, ,,ver mohkles!” ilias samreklo, Tb. 1988,<br />

gv. 18.<br />

2. zviad gamsaxurdia, dilema kacobriobis winaSe, Jurn.<br />

“xma erisa” 1995, gv. 43.<br />

3. И. Перестиани, «75 Лет в Кино», М. 1962.<br />

4. Кинословарь, «Советская Энциклопедия», 1970.<br />

5. К. Церетели, «Юность Экрана», «Литература и Искусство»,<br />

1965.<br />

6. naTia amirejibis “droTa ekrani”, Tb., 1990.<br />

7. filmografia, qarTuli mxatvruli filmebi, ~xelovneba~,<br />

1978.<br />

8. levan rondeli, uecari aRmafrena, Tb. 1985 (rusul<br />

enaze).<br />

9. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, tomi VI –VII, Tb.<br />

1972.<br />

10. Н. Бердяев, Философия неравенства, 1970.<br />

51

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Oliko Zhgenti<br />

Revolutionary Issue of the Movie of Ivane Perestiani “Arsen<br />

Jorjiashvili” (Assasination of the General Griaznov).<br />

Summary<br />

The article examines political and esthetical aspects of the movie “Arsen<br />

Jorjiashvili” (“Assassination of the general Griaznov”) by famous film<br />

director Ivane Perestiani. The movie was released in 1921 when Georgia’s<br />

occupation by the soviets took place. Right away the critics claimed the<br />

movie to be the first Soviet historic-revolutionary one. In spite of such an<br />

assessment, the author makes a new cultural evaluation of the movie from a<br />

contemporary scientific-historic perspective and in contrast with the spread<br />

opinion makes a conclusion that the movie contains a strongly seen<br />

antirevolutionary spirit and thus is weakly subjected to the ideology of<br />

Bolshevik set-ups. The idea of the movie was born during Independent<br />

Democratic Republik’s times of Georgia. Judging from this the movie clearly<br />

reflects the policy of a sovereign Republic and the negative evaluations of the<br />

revolutionary past rather than the Soviet Bolshevik establishment.<br />

52

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sofo TavaZe<br />

novatoruli Ziebebi 60-iani<br />

wlebis qarTul<br />

kinematografSi<br />

qarTuli kinos aRmavlobis xanad miCneuli 60-iani<br />

wlebi, dRemde kinos Teoriisa da praqtikis ZiriTad dasayrden<br />

masalas warmoadgens. aRniSnuli periodi mravalmxrivi<br />

siaxleebiT gamoirCeva: mimdinareobs SemoqmedebiTi<br />

Ziebebisa da ganaxlebis procesebi, mkvidrdeba<br />

axali Tematuri, Janruli Tu stilisturi tendenciebi.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTuli kinematografi sabWoe-<br />

Tis kinoxelovnebis nawili iyo, man mainc SeZlo warmoeSva<br />

cneba `qarTuli kinos fenomeni”.<br />

50-iani wlebis miwurulsa da 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi<br />

qarTul kinoSi movida axalgazrda reJisorebis<br />

Taoba, romlebic `samocianelebis” saxeliT Sevidnen<br />

qarTuli kinos istoriaSi. Eeseni arian: oTar ioseliani,<br />

eldar da giorgi Sengelaiebi, merab kokoCaSvili,<br />

lana RoRoberiZe, mixeil kobaxiZe. TiToeuli maTgani<br />

gamoirCeoda individualuri xelweriT. axalgazrda kinematografistebma<br />

qarTul kinoSi moitanes axali Temebi,<br />

warmoaCines gansxvavebuli samyaro, daamkvidres axali<br />

mxatvruli formebi. maT filmebSi mkveTrad Cans<br />

piradi pozicia da moqalaqeobrivi mrwamsi. `samocianelTa”<br />

filmebi radikalurad gansxvavdeboda ufrosi<br />

Taobis warmomadgenlebis kinosuraTebisagan da xSirad<br />

kinematografiul wreebSi gansjis sagani xdeboda.<br />

qarTvel kinoreJisorTa axalgazrda Taobam Tavisi<br />

moRvaweoba warsulis miRwevaTa gadafasebiT daiwyo da<br />

aRmoCnda, rom guSindeli moCvenebiTi keTildReoba dReisaTvis<br />

sakmaod moZvelebulad da gamogonilad gamoi-<br />

53

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yureboda. xelovanis xedva unda ganTavisuflebuliyo<br />

im pirobiTobisa da siyalbisagan, romelic jer kidev<br />

SemorCeniliyo ekranze. mizani, romelic `samocianelTa”<br />

Taobas amoZravebda, iyo yalb, gaufasurebul samyaroSi<br />

WeSmariti Rirebulebebis Seqmna.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom msgavs procesebs hqonda adgili<br />

XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis II naxevarSi, rodesac qar-<br />

Tul kinoSi movidnen axalgazrda reJisorebi _ nikoloz<br />

Sengelaia, mixeil kalatoziSvili, kote miqaberi-<br />

Ze. maT moZebnes ideologiuri zemoqmedebisagan Tavis<br />

daRwevis gzebi da erovnul cnobierebas, erovnuli<br />

kulturis tradiciebs axleburi azrovneba da gamomsaxvelobis<br />

axali formebi miusadages.<br />

`samocianelebma” axleburi TvaliT Sexedes garesamyaros,<br />

Tamamad `SeiWrnen” realuri cxovrebis SreebSi<br />

da sinamdvilisa da simarTlisa kvleva daisaxes miznad.<br />

60-iani wlebis qarTuli kinematografis mxatvruli ena<br />

_ simarTlisa da sisadavis enaa. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

simarTle ufro ukompromisoa, sinamdvilis kvleva ufro<br />

dokumenturi sizustiT xdeba. wina planze inacvlebs<br />

konkretuli, cxovrebiseuli movlenebis kvlevis<br />

analitikuri principi. Cndeba axali, moazrovne gmiri,<br />

romelic ukve aSkarad avlens Tavis moqalaqeobriv pozicias.<br />

`samocianelebs” ainteresebT `Cveulebrivi”, ubralo<br />

adamiani da ara wina periodis filmebis gmirebis<br />

msgavsi _ sqematuri, yalbi paTosiT Semkobili e.w. `dadebiTi<br />

gmiri”. maTi kvlevis obieqti xdeba rigiTi, erTi<br />

SexedviT, sxvebisgan arafriT gamorCeuli adamiani, misi<br />

sulieri samyaro, masSi mimdinare Sinagani Zvrebi.<br />

saukuneTa manZilze Camoyalibebuli da damkvidrebuli<br />

adaT-wesebi, Cvevebi, xasiaTis Taviseburebebi, temperamenti,<br />

eris istoria, erovnuli mentaliteti, TviTmyofadi,<br />

sxva erebisagan gansxvavebuli da gamorCeuli<br />

kultura _ yovelive es organulad erwymis erTmaneTs<br />

da sinTezis saxiT Tavs iCens 60-iani wlebis qarTul<br />

kinoSi. `samocianelTa” filmebSi warmoCenili saerTo<br />

gulistkivili, romliTac isini mimarTavdnen mayure-<br />

54

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els, bunebrivia, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeboda gamomsaxvelobiTi<br />

xerxebiT, individualuri SemoqmedebiTi<br />

xelweriT, TematikiT Tu mxatvruli saSualebebiT.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis procesis<br />

ganxorcielebaSi kino marto ar iyo. msgavsi procesi<br />

mwerlobasa da mxatvrobaSic mimdinareobda (SedarebiT<br />

adrec ki daiwyo). kinos sinTezurma bunebam gaiTvaliswina<br />

xelovnebis sxva dargebSi momxdari cvlilebebi da<br />

gamoimuSava axali mxatvruli principebi.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelosTvis (iseve rogorc<br />

mTeli sabWoTa kavSirisaTvis), 40-50-iani wlebi iyo periodi,<br />

roca umeteswilad zedapiruli, yalbi optimizmiT<br />

gamsWvaluli xelovnebis nawarmoebebi iqmneboda.<br />

qarTuli kinematografisaTvis niSandoblivi erovnuli<br />

Taviseburebisa da TviTmyofadobis miuxedavad, masSi<br />

mkveTrad da TvalnaTliv iCens Tavs mTeli sabWoTa<br />

kinoxelovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi. rogorc<br />

kinomcodne naTia amirejibi aRniSnavs, `im periodis<br />

qarTuli filmis yoveli gmiri erTmaneTs hgavda<br />

da agreTve yvela erTad hgavdnen sxva respublikebis<br />

kinonawarmoebTa moqmed pirebs. gavrcelda erTi kardinaluri<br />

miTiTebiT Seqmnili filmebis standarti.Ees ki<br />

erovnul kulturaTa individualobisa da Taviseburebis<br />

miCqmalvas, kulturis mravalsaxeobisa da mravalferovnebis<br />

erT ferSi warmoCenas da gaRaribebas niSnavda”.<br />

yovelive aman ganapiroba ukonfliqto, plakaturi<br />

kinonawarmoebebis momravleba, romlebSic ugulebelyofili<br />

iqna gmiris saxis fsiqologiuri niuansireba,<br />

misi urTierToba garemosTan da sazogadoebas-<br />

Tan.<br />

omis Semdgom wlebSi, rogorc qarTul kinoSi, aseve<br />

literaturaSic, gavrcelebuli iyo e.w. `ukonfliqtobis<br />

Teoria”. am periodSi Seqmnil literaturul nawarmoebebSi<br />

da filmebSi Tavi iCina sqematizmma, realobis<br />

Selamazebulad warmoCenis, naklis miCqmalvis tendenciam.<br />

amgvari viTareba, bunebrivia, ewinaaRmdegeboda<br />

literaturisa da kinos winsvlas da arsebuli realo-<br />

55

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is obieqturad warmoCenas. cxadia, msgavsi paTosiT ganmsWvalul<br />

nawarmoebebs mxatvrul SemoqmedebasTan saer-<br />

To araferi hqondaT. 50-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi<br />

Tanamedrove Temaze arcerTi mxatvrulad sayuradRebo<br />

kinonawarmoebi ar Seqmnila. am periodis suraTebSi<br />

naTlad aisaxa drois marwuxebi, siyalbiT mopirkeTebuli<br />

garemo.<br />

kinoxelovnebis aRorZinebis Tanamedrove etapi 50-<br />

iani wlebis meore naxevridan iwyeba da igi axalgazrda<br />

reJisorebis _ Tengiz abulaZisa da rezo CxeiZis saxel-<br />

Tanaa dakavSirebuli. 1955 wels maT mier gadaRebuli<br />

sadiplomo filmi `magdanas lurja” saetapo aRmoCnda<br />

qarTuli kinoxelovnebisaTvis. warmateba ganpirobebuli<br />

iyo reJisorTa mier naCvenebi realobiT, agreTve erovnuli<br />

saxeebis, TviTmyofadobisa da zneobis maRalmxatvruli<br />

asaxviT. filmis avtorebma Secvales filmis finali<br />

da Tamamad gamoxates saTqmeli _ gviCvenes usamar-<br />

TlobiT daCagruli adamianebi, Seulamazebeli, arsebuli<br />

realoba. filmis avtorebma ara marto im periodis<br />

realoba, aramed usamarTlobis arsic realuri simar-<br />

Tlisa da poeturi ganzogadebis SerwymiT gviCvenes,<br />

rac SemdgomSi Tanamedrove qarTuli kinoxelovnebis<br />

erT-erT yvelaze damaxasiaTebel Tvisebad iqca. Tavisi<br />

mxatvrul-azrobrivi bunebiT aRniSnuli filmi aSkarad<br />

da mkafiod gamoxatul gardatexas moaswavebda qarTul<br />

kinoSi. iwyeboda axali periodi...<br />

50-iani wlebis miwurulsa da 60-iani wlebis mijnaze<br />

viTareba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da masTan erTad<br />

xelovnebaSic Seicvala. daiwyo morigi sabWoTa lideris<br />

_ xruSCoviseuli `daTbobisa da yinulis daZvris”<br />

periodi...<br />

aRniSnul periodSi literaturul asparezze gamodian<br />

axalgazrda mwerlebi, romlebic amave Taobis re-<br />

Jisorebis msgavsad, `samocianelebad” iwodebian.Eeseni<br />

arian: guram rCeuliSvili, oTar WilaZe, nodar dumbaZe,<br />

guram doCanaSvili, rezo WeiSvili, otia ioseliani,<br />

guram fanjikiZe, Tamaz WilaZe, guram gegeSiZe, Wabua<br />

56

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amirejibi, arCil sulakauri, revaz inaniSvili... maT<br />

daiwyes brZola qarTuli literaturis ganaxlebis, misi<br />

Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da axal simaRleebze ayvanisaTvis.<br />

axalgazrda mwerlebis yuradRebis centrSi moeqca<br />

ubralo, rigiTi adamiani, misi sulieri samyaro da<br />

cxovreba. amieridan, rogorc kritikosi guram asaTiani<br />

aRniSnavs, `rigiTi” adamiani iqca `adamianuri” adamianis<br />

sinonimad” (2).<br />

`samocianelebi” (rogorc mwerlebi, ise reJisorebi)<br />

cdilobdnen gamoevlinaT garemomcvel samyarosTan<br />

adamianis rTuli, mravalmxrivi urTierTmoqmedebis Sinagani<br />

kavSiri da urTierTmimarTeba. aRmoCnda, rom<br />

garda socialur-klasobrivi winaaRmdegobebisa, `saer-<br />

To-saxalxo problemebisa” da idealuri gmirebisa, arseboben<br />

ubralo adamianebi TavianTi dadebiTi da<br />

uaryofiTi TvisebebiT, sakuTari tkiviliTa Tu sixaruliT,<br />

TavianTi rTuli mikrosamyaroTi.<br />

60-iani wlebis filmTa simravlis miuxedavad, yoveli<br />

gmiri axali saxe da axali sityvaa mravalferovan<br />

saxeTa Soris. qarTuli kinos `axali” gmirebi gamoirCevian<br />

saxeTa da xasiaTTa mravalferovnebiT. eseni arian:<br />

axalgazrda Jurnalisti gurami (giorgi Sengelaias<br />

`alaverdoba”, 1962), romantikosi afTiaqari (mixeil<br />

kobaxiZis `qorwili”, 1964), oTar ioselianis `giorgobisTvis”<br />

(1966) personaJi niko, moqandake aguli eris-<br />

Tavi (eldar Sengelaias `araCveulebrivi gamofena”,<br />

1968), legendaruli mxatvari firosmani (giorgi Sengelaias<br />

`firosmani”, 1969), mwyemsi sosana (merab kokoCaSvilis<br />

`didi mwvane veli”, 1967) da mravali sxva.<br />

gmirTa mravalferovani da saintereso saxeebis SeqmnaSi<br />

da saerTod, im periodis qarTuli filmebis warmatebasa<br />

da popularobaSi didi wvlili miuZRviT axalgazrda<br />

kinodramaturgebs _ amiran WiWinaZes, revaz<br />

WeiSvils, merab elioziSvils, rezo gabriaZes, erlom<br />

axvledians, revaz inaniSvils... maT qarTul kinoSi<br />

moitanes axali da saintereso Temebi.<br />

57

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60-iani wlebis kinematografSi aRiniSneba eTikurzneobrivi<br />

problemebisadmi yuradReba, eTikuri normebis<br />

dadgenisaken mimarTuli Zieba. zneobrivi problemebisadmi<br />

interesma axleburad warmosaxa zogadsakacobrio<br />

problemebi: pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis, pirovnebisa<br />

da bunebis urTierToba, eris, kacobriobis,<br />

samyaros winaSe pirovnebis pasuxismgebloba. eTikurzneobrivi<br />

problemebis Ziebisas, reJisorebs adamianis<br />

sulieri samyaros mciredi niuansic ki ar rCebaT yuradRebis<br />

miRma. isini zedmiwevniTi dakvirvebiT ikvleven<br />

sakuTari filmebis gmirebis Sinagan samyaros da<br />

mTeli gulwrfelobiT warmoaCenen Semdeg mayureblis<br />

winaSe. Tavisufleba, samarTlianoba, patiosneba, gulwrfeloba,<br />

siyvaruli da sxva eTikur-zneobrivi kategoriebi<br />

60-ianelTa nawarmoebebSi aRar tovebs deklaraciulobis<br />

STabeWdilebas. isini ukve Rrma azriT<br />

daitvirTa.<br />

60-ian wlebSi damkvidrda axali Tematuri da<br />

stilisturi tendenciebi. pirovneba da sazogadoeba, istoria<br />

da Tanamedroveoba _ am Temebis mravalferovani<br />

variaciebiT gamoirCeva aRniSnuli periodis kinematografi.<br />

pirovnebis damokidebuleba, urTierTkavSiri Tu<br />

dapirispireba sazogadoebasTan, drosTan, arsebul realobasTan<br />

_ am Temebs ikvleven `samocianelebi”. TematikaSi<br />

gacxadebuli avtoris saTqmeli ki gansazRvravs<br />

filmis Janrul Tu stilistur Taviseburebas.<br />

60-ian wlebSi mosul yovel Semoqmeds Tan mohqonda<br />

axali samyaro da axali xasiaTebi, interesTa sfero da<br />

gansxvavebuli xelwera. maT nawarmoebebSi mxatvruli<br />

simboloebiTa Tu SefarviT is cvlilebebia naCvenebi,<br />

romlebsac maTi azrovneba gamoxatavda.<br />

`samocianelTa” filmebSi asaxuli realoba xSirad<br />

ar emTxveoda Tavis Tavs, anu hqonda sxva mniSvnelobac.<br />

TiToeul sityvaSi, frazasa Tu formaSi Cadebuli azri,<br />

romelSic nagulisxmevi iyo realoba, _ simbolos, metaforis<br />

Tu alegoriis niSnebiT iyo Seqmnili. aseTma<br />

axleburma xedvam warmoSva e.w. `igavuri kino”.Ees, erTi<br />

58

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mxriv, cenzurisagan Tavdacvis saSualebas warmoadgenda<br />

(sabWoTa cenzura kvlavac rCeboda ZalaSi da xelovnebis<br />

nebismieri dargi misi zewolis qveS imyofeboda),<br />

meore mxriv ki, reJisorTa mier sakuTari azrisa<br />

da saTqmelis ufro sainteresod da originalurad<br />

gamoxatvisaTvis iyo gamiznuli. 60-iani wlebis filmeb-<br />

Si igavis forma Tavs iCens sruliad sxvadasxva Janrisa<br />

da formis nawarmoebebSi, sxvadasxva individualuri<br />

xelweris mqone SemoqmedebTan. 70-ian wlebSi ki es<br />

tendencia kidev ufro Zlierdeba da qarTuli kinos<br />

erT-erT ZiriTad maxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebad iqceva.<br />

60-ian wlebSi ganviTarebul cvlilebebs ar SeeZlo<br />

gavlena ar moexdina JanrTa sistemazec. mimdinareobs<br />

tradiciul JanrTa sazRvrebis `gafarToebis” procesi,<br />

radganac erTi konkretuli Janri ierTebs sxva Janrul<br />

elementebs. Janrulma sinTezma kinoenis garTuleba gamoiwvia<br />

da Eesa Tu is filmi Tavisi gamomsaxvelobiTi<br />

formiT veRar Tavsdeba romelime konkretuli Janris<br />

CarCoSi.<br />

60-ian wlebSi kinoenis Ziebam globaluri xasiaTi<br />

miiRo. maqsimaluri bunebriobis misaRwevad, reJisorebi<br />

TavianT filmebSi iwvevdnen e.w. tipaJebs, anu araprofesionalebs,<br />

romlebic garegnobiT Seesabamebodnen<br />

filmis gmirebs. amave periodSi warmoiSva iseTi cnebebi,<br />

rogoricaa e.w. `elitaruli” da `masobrivi” kino.<br />

`kinos SeuZlia moqmedebisa da Jestebis Cveneba da<br />

axsna, _ aRniSnavs l. musinaki. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,<br />

iyos aRmweri _ es misi primitiuli formaa. Mmas SeuZlia<br />

agreTve gamoavlinos da gaarkvios sulieri<br />

mdgomareobebi, anu iyos poeturi, _ es misi ufro srulyofili<br />

formaa”. 3<br />

60-iani wlebis qarTul kinoSi swored poeturma<br />

formam daimkvidra adgili da daiwyo ltolva filosofiur-ganzogadebuli<br />

problemebis asaxvisaken. stilisturad<br />

mkacr `prozaul” nawarmoebebSic ki farTo adgils<br />

ikavebs poeturi asaxvis momxibvleloba.Aam periodis<br />

filmebSi igrZnoba avtorTa mier gmiris TvaliT<br />

59

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danaxuli samyaro, misi Sinagani monologis metaforuloba,<br />

lirikul-romantikuli ganwyoba. gaCnda cneba<br />

`poeturi kino”. am mimarTulebis filmebSi uxvad gamoiyeneboda<br />

poeturi metaforebi, alegoriebi, rac yoveli<br />

Semoqmedisagan individualur xelweras, individualur<br />

asaxvas moiTxovda.<br />

saavtoro, inteleqtualurma, epikurma, saxviTferwerulma<br />

kinom axali amocanebi dausaxa rogorc re-<br />

Jisors, aseve filmis Semqmnel sxva monawileebsac _<br />

msaxiobs, operators, mxatvars da a.S. `ekranis xelovnebis<br />

filosofiuri buneba, aRmoCenili misi Camoyalibebis<br />

periodSi, garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi meore<br />

planze gadasuli da modificirebuli, amieridan kinematografis<br />

organul maxasiaTeblad iqca.”<br />

amrigad, 50-iani wlebis miwurulsa da 60-iani wlebis<br />

dasawyisSi, safuZveli Caeyara qarTuli kinos TviTmyofadobas.<br />

am periodidan moyolebuli, qarTvel reJisorTa<br />

filmebSi aisaxa Cveulebrivi adamianebis yofa,<br />

maTi interesebi, miznebi, Sinagani samyaro. Camoyalibda<br />

azrovnebisa da saTqmelis gamoxatvis axali formebi.<br />

TavianTi SemoqmedebiT `samocianelebi” cdilobdnen<br />

gamoxmaurebodnen im problemebs, romlebic ara marto<br />

60-iani wlebisaTvis, aramed yvela epoqaSi mtkivneulia.<br />

`samocianelebma” warmoaCines TavianTi Tanamedroveobis<br />

suliskveTeba, gamomsaxvelad asaxes dro da qarTuli<br />

kinos istorias mniSvnelovani furceli Semates.<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura<br />

1. n. amirejibi `sinematografidan kinoxelovnebamde”. Tb.,<br />

1990, gv. 157.<br />

2. g. asaTiani „kritikuli dialogebi. werilebi, portretebi,<br />

eskizebi”. Tb., 1977, gv. 122.<br />

3. Муссинак Л. Избранное. М. «Искусство». 1981. стp. 131.<br />

4 Вейцман Е. «Очерки философии кино». М. «Искусство».1978. стp. 5<br />

60

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Sofo Tavadze<br />

Innovatory Searches in the Georgian Cinematography 1960-s<br />

Summary<br />

The work “Innovatory Searching in the Georgian Cinematography<br />

1960-s” deals with the period which is considered as the era of<br />

development of Georgian cinematography. This period has been the basic<br />

material for the theory and practice of the cinema so far, as it is<br />

distinguished with all-round novelty. The process of creative search and<br />

renowal is going on, new thematic or stylistic tendencies are being<br />

founded. The road, passed by Georgian cinematography, from ideologic<br />

high-pressure to perfect freedom, was hard, but anyhow, in spite of the<br />

fact that it was the part of the Soviet cinematography, it still has been able<br />

to create such notion as “the phenomenon of Georgian Cinematography”.<br />

61

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nato cqvitiniZe<br />

qarTuli telefilmebis<br />

Tematikis sakiTxisaTvis<br />

Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovreba warmoudgenelia televiziis,<br />

gansakuTrebiT ki _ telefilmebisa Tu teleserialebis<br />

gareSe. televiziam didi xania Tavisi<br />

gamorCeuli da gansakuTrebuli adgili daimkvidra.<br />

dRevandeli mayurebeli, ganurCevlad asakisa, sqesisa da<br />

interesebis sxvadasxvaobisa, ase momravlebuli telefilmebisa<br />

Tu teleserialebis gmirebis cxovrebiTa da<br />

problemebiT cxovrobs. televiziis wyalobiT adamiani<br />

da, gansakuTrebiT, mozardi, TiTqmis arasodes ar aris<br />

marto, da nebsiT Tu uneblieT, uamravi saxis informacias<br />

Rebulobs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom televiziis<br />

wyalobiT Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovreba swrafad da<br />

sainteresodac ki miedineba.<br />

ganuzomelia dRevandeli telexelovnebis adamianze,<br />

gansakuTrebiT ki _ mozardze zemoqmedebis masStabebi.<br />

axalgazrdoba dRes gacilebiT met dros atarebs kompiuterTan<br />

da teleekranTan, vidre wignTan. adamianis<br />

beds, Tvisebebs, xasiaTs garkveulwilad is garemo<br />

ayalibebs, romelSic igi izrdeba da cxovrobs. kinematografic,<br />

garkveulwilad, gavlenas axdens adamianTa<br />

Sexedulebebsa da sazogadoebriv Segnebaze, da, raRa<br />

Tqma unda, mozardze, mis cnobierebasa da zneobrivi<br />

mrwamsis Camoyalibebaze.<br />

bevri Tvlis, rom mizanSewonili ar aris bavSvebTan<br />

im seriozul Temebze saubari, romlebic ufrosebs<br />

awuxebT. bavSvebs yvelaferi ainteresebT is, rac maT<br />

exebaT, da isic rac ar exebaT.<br />

62

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,,ukeTesi RonisZieba kargi aRzrdisaTvis WeSmaritebaa,<br />

sinamdvilea. sinamdvilisgan daclil nawarmoebs<br />

damajerebloba aklia, uromlisodac ver miswvdeba igi<br />

mkiTxvelis sulsa da guls, miT umetes – patara mkiTxvelisas.<br />

patara mkiTxveli moklebulia jer raime kritikuls<br />

Sexedulebas da TiTqmis erTnairad iTvisebs<br />

kargsac da avsac” (1) - werda iakob gogebaSvili.<br />

adamians, gansakuTrebiT ki mozards, yovelTvis<br />

sWirdeba ara marto garegnuli silamaze, aramed sulis<br />

sazrdo. bavSvs iseTive rTuli, emociuri Sinagani<br />

samyaro aqvs, rogoric mozrdils, igi iseve ganicdis<br />

tkivilsa da wyenas, sevda-wuxilsa da sixaruls, rogorc<br />

zrdasruli adamiani.<br />

vfiqrob,DdRevandeli cxovrebiseuli problemebisgan<br />

gulis gadayolebis yvelaze xelmisawvdom, iaf saSualebad<br />

swored is teleserialebi iqca, ase mouTmenlad<br />

rom elis yovel saRamos Cveni sazogadoebis didi<br />

nawili. Tumca maT Sorisac ki gemovnebiani mayurebeli<br />

yovelTvis gamoarCevs saukeTesos, rac dReisaTvis<br />

Zalze iSviaTia xolme.<br />

jer kidev maSin, roca mxatvruli filmebis paralelurad<br />

satelevizio filmebi iqmneboda, da teleserialebi<br />

iSviaTobas warmoadgenda, mniSvnelovani da<br />

gamorCeuli adgili daimkvidra soso CxaiZis samserianma<br />

filmma `TuSi mecxvare”, romlis gadaRebidan 30 weli<br />

gavida.<br />

erT-erT interviuSi reJisori aRniSnavda, rom `axalgazrdebTan<br />

muSaoba Zalze pasuxsagebi saqmea. sanam<br />

cxovrebaSi Tavis gzas irCevs, masTan urTierTobis<br />

dros didi taqti da sifrTxilea saWiro. es procesi<br />

erTgvarad msaxiobTan muSaobis processac waagavs. rogorc<br />

msaxiobi, ise axalgazrdac nel-nela unda daayeno<br />

swor gzaze, iqiT ubiZgo, sadac ukeTesad gamoavlens<br />

sakuTar Tavs Zaldaunateblad, uxeSi zemoqmedebis<br />

gareSe... Cven movaleni varT axalgazrdobas movuwodoT<br />

siwmindisaken, keTilsindisieri Sromisaken, simarTlisaken,<br />

magram roca amas vuqadagebT, mas unda sjerodes,<br />

63

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om patiosani cxovrebiT igi sazogadoebaSi myar adgils<br />

daimkvidrebs. dRes, samwuxarod, patiosani kaci<br />

sawyali kacis sinonimad iqca” (2).<br />

swored aseTi keTilsindisieri, patiosani da mSromeli<br />

adamianebis mecxvareebis cxovrebaze mogviTxrobs<br />

erT-erTi pirveli srulmetraJiani mxatvruli telefilmi<br />

”TuSi mecxvare”, romelic 1977 wels iqna naCvenebi<br />

saqarTvelos televiziiT. filmma ekranebze gamosvlisTanave<br />

didi interesi gamoiwvia. igi mecxvareebis<br />

erTi SexvedriT TiTqos erTferovan yoveldRiur<br />

cxovrebas asaxavs. magram roca ufro axlos vecnobiT<br />

maT yoveldRiurobas, xasiaTebs, situaciebs, romelSic<br />

isini aRmoCndebian, vrwmundebiT, raoden saintereso da<br />

rTulia maTi cxovreba.<br />

mkacri da lamazia TuSeTis buneba. garegnulad<br />

mkacria TuSic, magram Tavisi saqmis erTgulia da<br />

erTgulebas aswavlis sxvasac. bunebasTan mudmiv ur-<br />

TierTobasa da WidilSi yalibdeba misi xasiaTi. mecxvaris<br />

yoveldRiuri yofa-cxovreba xom savsea problemebiT,<br />

rasac reJisori soso CxaiZe daufaravad warmogvidgens,<br />

Rrmad Cagvaxedebs mTieli kacis sulSi. mayurebeli<br />

uSualo monawile da gulSematkivari xdeba am<br />

araCveulebrivi adamianebis cxovrebisa. maTi satkivari<br />

awuxebs da warmatebebi axarebs. marTalia, filmis gmirebs<br />

ar ganasaxiereben profesionali msaxiobebi, garda<br />

erTisa (leqso – msaxiobi irakli xizaniSvili), magram<br />

yovelma maTganma sakmaod saintereso da dasamaxsovrebeli<br />

saxe Seqmna.<br />

filmis gadaRebamde gadamRebi jgufi mTeli wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi cxovrobda da akvirdeboda mecxvareebis<br />

cxovrebas, maT zne-Cveulebebsa da urTierTdamokidebulebs.<br />

erTi SexedviT, filmSi TiTqos araferi mniSvnelovani<br />

ar xdeba, magram simarTle, romelic ekranidan<br />

aRiqmeba, nebismieri asakis mayurebelze waruSlel STabeWdilebas<br />

axdens da gulgrils ar tovebs.<br />

64

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uneba da adamiani, erTianoba bunebisa da adamianisa<br />

– maTi yoveldRiuri Widili, brZola arsebobisaTvis. am<br />

brZolaSi yalibleba zneoba da rainduli suli da is<br />

siyvaruli, rasac samSoblos, mSobliuri kuTxis siyvaruli<br />

qvia, rac dedis rZesTan erTad aqvT SeTvisebul-<br />

Sesisxlxorcebuli. da miuxedavad uTanasworo brZolisa,<br />

isini mainc inarCuneben adamianobas, raindul<br />

suls, zneobas da filmis yvelaze axalgazrda gmirs,<br />

zurikosac am suliskveTebiT da siyvaruliT zrdian.<br />

brigadiri giorgi (iob baraTaSvili), bagrata (plato<br />

osorauli), Tandila (panto TaTaraiZe) da leqso (msaxiobi<br />

irakli xizaniSvili), es SesaniSnavi uamrav Wirgamovlili<br />

adamianebi daoblebul zurikos, mamisa da<br />

megobris magivrobas uweven, mzrunvelobas ar akleben.<br />

swored isini iqcevian zurikos momavali cxovrebis<br />

megzurad da saukeTeso magaliTad.<br />

mwyemsebi zurikos ise eqcevian, rogorc maT tolsa<br />

da swors. patara zuriko Tavidanve Camoyalibebuli da<br />

naadrevad davaJkacebuli warmogvidgeba, Tumca rogorc<br />

yvela bavSvSi, masSi bavSvuri Tvisebebi sWarbobs, magram<br />

vaJkacoba da damoukidebloba masac iseve axasia-<br />

Tebs, rogorc mis ufros megobrebs.<br />

vaJkacoba, Seupovroba, saqmis siyvaruli aerTianebT<br />

am saocar adamianebs, da iumori – maTi yoveldRiurobis<br />

ganuyofeli nawili. erT muStad Sekruli, erT<br />

saqmes akeTeben da sxvasac am saqmis siyvaruliT<br />

zrdian, ver eguebian tyuils da verc matyuara adamians<br />

naxavT maT gverdiT. maTTvis ucxoa undobloba. `maRali<br />

zneobrivi normebi gansazRvraven maT urTierTdamokidebulebasac.<br />

usazRvro ndoba, sikeTe, mzrunveloba –<br />

yovelive es amaRlebuli cnebebis doneze ki ar aris<br />

ayvanili, aramed mJRavndeba prozaulad, yoveldRiur<br />

saqmianobaSi, cxvris movlaSi, momTabare cxovrebaSi,<br />

erTmaneTTan damokidebulebaSi. 3<br />

am filmSi ki kidev erTxel Segvaxsenebs avtori rom,<br />

ai es aris Cveni samSoblo, da mas movla da gafrTxileba<br />

sWirdeba...<br />

65

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axalgazrdobis aRzrdaSi daSvebul xarvezebs, Tanamedrove<br />

adamianis fsiqologiur da zneobriv aspeqtebs,<br />

gulaxdilad da piruTvnelad asaxavs kinoreJisor aleko<br />

cabaZis satelevizio filmi `laqa”, 1985 w. gamoCnda<br />

ekranebze da gamosvlisTanave miiqcia sazogadoebis yuradReba.<br />

filmSi dasmuli problema im drois qarTuli<br />

kinosaTvis ucxo samyaro, ucnobi da xeluxlebeli Tema<br />

iyo. scenaric karga xans ar miiRes im mizeziT, rom<br />

`problemebi, romlebic filmSia dasmuli Cveni socialisturi<br />

sazogadoebis winaSe ar dgas da arc SieZleba<br />

idgeso...”.<br />

marTalia, es problema maSindeli sazogadoebisTvis<br />

sakmaod aqtualuri, magram dafaruli da naklebad<br />

TvalSisacemi iyo. magram dRes, es filmi ufro metad<br />

aRelvebs da ipyrobs Cveni sazogadoebis yuradRebas<br />

mwvave, aqtualuri Temis maRalmxatvrulad gadawyvetiT<br />

da warmodgeniT. filmSi naCvenebia axalgazrda adamianis<br />

yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi arsebuli zneobrivi sakiTxebis<br />

mTeli wre, Tu sadamde SeiZleba miiyvanos axalgazrdebi<br />

urwmunobiT da nihilizmiT gamowveulma sulierma<br />

sicarielem, uazro gatacebebma. mogvianebiT isini<br />

iolad SeiZleba moeqcnen quCuri gavlenis qveS, Tavisi<br />

savalalo, gamousworebeli SedegebiT.<br />

filmi yovelgvari garegnuli efeqtebis gareSe, Tanmimdevrulad<br />

gvagrZnobinebs qalaquri cxovrebis sunTqvas.<br />

Seulamazebeli qalaquri yofiTi suraTebidan vecnobiT<br />

mTavar gmirs qiSos. qiSvardi erTi qalaqeli<br />

biWia, romelic Cveulebrivi yoveldRiuri cxovrebiT<br />

cxovrobs, saswavlebelSi swavlobs, isic, rogorc sxva<br />

misi Tanatolebis umravlesoba, gatacebulia Tanamedrove<br />

musikiT. erTi SexedviT, Tavs normalurad grZnobs<br />

narkotikebiT gabruebuli megobrebis wreSi da TiTqos<br />

gansakuTrebiT arc araferi aRelvebs. daufiqreblad<br />

mihyveba cxovrebis saerTo dinebas manam, sanam mis cxovrebaSi<br />

mniSvnelovani ram ar moxdeba.<br />

erTxel, gasarTobad da drois gasayvanad sigarebze<br />

naTamaSevi `ariol-reSkadan” iwyeba mis yoveldRiur,<br />

66

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erTferovan cxovrebaSi avis momaswavlebeli cvlilebebi<br />

da Cndeba problemebi. wagebuli Tanxis gadaxdas<br />

sxvadasxva saSualebiT cdilobs, magram araferi gamosdis,<br />

bolos patiosan gzas irCevs, magram amaod. Tavisi<br />

mdgomareobiT Sewuxebulia da sasowarkveTilebaSic ki<br />

vardeba, magram swori gamosavlis povna ioli rodia.<br />

wamoWrili problema cxovrebis im mkacri da daundobeli<br />

realobis pirispir daayenebs, zneobis sakiTxebis<br />

garkvevasa da gadawyvetas rom saWiroebs.<br />

Cvens Tvalwin icvleba da nel-nela, TandaTanobiT<br />

ikveTeba misi pirovnebis aqamde dafaruli dadebiTi Tu<br />

uaryofiTi mxareebi, icvleba damokidebuleba sayvareli<br />

gogonas mimarT. igi uRrmavdeba sakuTar ojaxSi arsebul<br />

gaTiSulobas, sxva TvaliT uyurebs da afasebs dedis<br />

yoveldRiur saqmianobas da sakuTar azrsac gamoxatavs<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

mis cxovrebaSi bevri ram icvleba. ver acnobierebs,<br />

sad gadis sakuTar SesaZleblobaTaAzRvari. wyalwaRebuliviT<br />

`xavssac ki eWideba”, magram araferi gamosdis,<br />

radganac cxovrebas Tavisi dauwereli kanonebi aqvs.<br />

Savi laqa, romelic qiSos pirovnebas edeba, da<br />

romelsac xelis erTi mosmiT ver amoiyvan, marto erTi<br />

pirovnebis dardi da satkivari rodia. gansakuTrebiT<br />

dRes, saTqmeli ufro mwvave da aqtualuri gaxda, Cveni<br />

Tanamedrove axalgazrda Taobis uamravi problemebisa<br />

da cxovrebis gadasaxedidan.<br />

`laqas erTi xelis mosmiT ver amoiyvan, - wers kinomcodne<br />

t. TvalWreliZe, - amisaTvis RirebulebaTa<br />

gadafasebaa saWiro, sakuTari cxovrebis WeSmariti<br />

arsis wvdoma.Dda swored aq naTlad Cans aleko cabaZis<br />

zneobrivi pozicia, ismis misi mtkice da Seurigebeli<br />

xma amgvar movlenaTa winaaRmdeg” (4).<br />

mware simarTle, romelic ekranidan aRiqmeba, Cveni<br />

dRevandelobis mtkivneuli problemaa, romelzec uTuod<br />

unda dafiqrdes ara marto axalgazrda, aramed<br />

mTeli sazogadoeba...<br />

67

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sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom gasuli saukunis 90-iani<br />

wlebidan dawyebulma procesebma gavlena moaxdina<br />

qveynis rogorc ekonomikur cxovrebaze, ise Cvens sulier<br />

samyarozec. dRes, XXI saukunis dasawyisSi, kargi<br />

filmis gadaReba problemaa. upirvelesad, dafinansebis<br />

problemebidan gamomdinare. sakmaod Zviri Rirs gada-<br />

RebisTvis saWiro teqnika, firi, ganaTeba da a. S. albaT<br />

amitom, sul ufro iSviaTia Tanamedroveobis amsaxveli,<br />

gemovnebiTa da taqtiT Seqmnili nawarmoebebi, iseTebi,<br />

romlebic dRevandeli axalgazrdobis guls moxvdeba,<br />

suls auforiaqebs, daafiqrebs, Tavis adgils apovninebs<br />

da gzis gagnebaSi daexmareba.<br />

axalgazrdobis (da ara marto maTi) problemebis<br />

warmosaCenad da maTi gadawyvetis gzebis saZieblad<br />

erT-erTi yvelaze saukeTeso, efeqturi saSualeba Diyo<br />

da rCeba kinematografi. unda vaCvenoT cxovrebiseuli<br />

siZneleebi da naklovanebebi, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi<br />

mxareebi, uromlisodac xelovnebas yovelgvari azri<br />

ekargeba.<br />

jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobisas, mkacri cenzurisa<br />

da komunisturi ideologiis periodSi, qarTvelma<br />

reJisorebma araerTi gamorCeuli filmi Seqmnes.<br />

magram dRes, samwuxarod, msgavsi Rirebulebis namuSevrebi<br />

iSviaTobas warmoadgens.<br />

qarTul kinos udavod meti Tavisufleba mieca, ri-<br />

Tac reJisorebs SesaZlebloba aqvT ufro meti Tqvan<br />

erovnul sakiTxebze, cxovrebis mniSvnelovan, aqtualur<br />

problemaze; aseve moixsna seqssa da erotikis Temebze<br />

dadebuli tabu. sqesobrivi momwifebis rTuli, biologiuri<br />

procesebi biWebsa da gogonebs ara marto garegnul<br />

saxes ucvlis da TandaTanobiT maT qaliSvilebad<br />

da Wabukebad aqcevs, aramed ucnob, amaRelvebel,<br />

manamde gaugebar SegrZnebebs, survilebsa da fiqrebs<br />

aRuZravs. Ees yvelaferi badebs bunebriv miswrafebas,<br />

rom gaigon, Cawvdnen siyvarulis saidumloebebs. albaT<br />

amiT aixsneba axalgazrdobis gadametebuli interesi<br />

seqsTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebisadmi. axalgazrdas<br />

68

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surs, rac SeiZleba meti gaigos adamianis grZnobaTa am<br />

SesaniSnav, urTules mxareze.<br />

am savsebiT bunebrivi cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofilebas<br />

ki isini, pirvel rigSi, saxlidan gausvlelad,<br />

teleekranze nanaxi filmebis saSualebiT axerxeben.<br />

aseTi filmebis ricxvi didia. maTi didi nawili,<br />

romelic Tavisufali siyvarulis, intimur grZnobebTan<br />

dakavSirebuli problemebis Sesaxeb Riad da xSirad<br />

uxamsad, yovelgvari esTetikis gareSe aTviTcnobiereben<br />

dainteresebul axalgazrdobas.<br />

dafiqrebul mkiTxvels da mayurebels ki wignebi,<br />

speqtaklebi Tu filmebi Tavisi xasiaTis, saqcielis<br />

gaanalizebaSi exmareba, xels uwyobs ipovos pasuxi<br />

kiTxvebze: `me rogoriRa var”, `ras fiqroben Cemze<br />

sxvebi”. xelovnebis nawarmoebSi mas surs aRmoaCinos<br />

sakuTari azrebiT, fiqrebiT datvirTuli gmiri, romelic<br />

daexmareba gasces pasuxi cxovrebis mier wamoWril<br />

uamrav kiTxvaze.<br />

daxvewili gemovnebis maRalmxatvruli donis nawarmoebi<br />

xom mozardis sulze zemoqmedebis, misi zneobrivi<br />

mrwamsis Camoyalibebis erT-erTi saukeTeso saSualebaa.<br />

amitom aucilebelia xelovani grZnobdes Tanamedrove<br />

cxovrebis sunTqvasa da drois majiscemas, icodes, Tu<br />

riTi cxovrobs, ra aRelvebs mozards, romel kiTxvebze<br />

eZebs pasuxs xelovnebaSi da risTvis uyurebs films.<br />

ganxiluli filmebi gamoirCeva saintereso TematikiTAda<br />

swored es Tematuri da Janruli mravalferovneba<br />

uflebas gvaZlevs vilaparakoT wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

Seqmnili filmebis Rirebulebasa da mniSvnelobaze,<br />

maTi daxmarebiT ki adamianebSi keTili sawyisis,<br />

zneobriobis, kacTmoyvareobis, sikeTis borotebaze gamarjvebis,<br />

rwmenis gaRvivebasa da Camoyalibebaze, mozardi<br />

Taobis mier mSvenierebis samyaros aRqmisa da silamazis<br />

grZnobebis ganviTarebaze.<br />

69

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gamoyenebuli literatura<br />

1. i. gogebaSvili, saganZuri, Tb., 1963 w., gv. 83.<br />

2. satelevizio filmebis studia 30 wlisaa, `mTavaria<br />

bolomde ixarjebode”, Tb., 2001, gv. 374.<br />

3. t. TvalWreliZe, kinematografiuli Ziebani, Tb., 1981, gv.89.<br />

4. iqve, gv. 116.<br />

Nato Tskvitinidze<br />

For Georgian Films plural subjects<br />

Summary<br />

Today, in the century of affluent information, the field of child’s<br />

interest has significantly grown; the fairy tales on a bear, a wolf and a fox<br />

do not seem for them as much attractive and interesting, they have been<br />

replaced by spaceships, computer superheroes and human-robots. The<br />

new aspirations have emerged. It is natural that a child is searching for an<br />

answer for those countless questions which life may happen to face him.<br />

Very often, a child is trying to get maximally aware in the mass of<br />

interesting or unwholesome information received from TV.<br />

In today’s cinematography there are many movies, which spread the<br />

propaganda of violence, war, drug addiction and sexual perversion, which<br />

in it its turn expose the physical, moral and spiritual values of our society<br />

and in particular our youth to degradation.<br />

70

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inga xalvaSi<br />

kinematografze<br />

egzistencializmis gavlenis<br />

sakiTxisaTvis<br />

meoce saukunis niSandoblivi faqtoria filosofiisa<br />

da xelovnebis daaxloeba. “saubaria ara mxolod<br />

xelovnebis erTgvar inteleqtualizaciaze, ara mxolod<br />

xelovnebis nawarmoebis Sinaarsis filosofiuri problematikiT<br />

gavsebaze, an formis garTulebaze da filosofiuri<br />

koncefciebis martiv ilustraciaze mxatvruli<br />

xerxebiT, aramed rTul dialeqtikur procesze,<br />

romelic arss, sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis formebis<br />

specifikas exeba. saubaria sazogadoebrivi azris Rrma<br />

kanonzomierebebis ganviTarebaze, romlis Zirebi Tavad<br />

cnobierebis ganviTarebis formebSia, rac mravalsaxeobrivi<br />

bunebrivi da socialuri sinamdvilis mTel<br />

sistemaSi aisaxeba“ (1).<br />

filosofia yovelTvis axdenda gavlenas xelovnebis<br />

dargebze, misi zegavlena exeba Fformisa da Sinaarsis<br />

Camoyalibebas, esTetikas. sazrisi ki gamowveulia filosofiisa<br />

da xelovnebis mTavari obieqtis TanxvedriT<br />

- orive SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadia adamiani da maradiuli<br />

problemebi, maTze msjeloba da gansja. jer kidev antikuri<br />

xanaSi, erTmaneTs adarebda ra filosofiasa da<br />

poezias, platoni upiratesobas filosofias aniWebda.<br />

misi azriT, xelovneba ise zustad ver gamoxatavda<br />

WeSmaritebas, rogorc es filosofias SeeZlo.<br />

aristotele, piriqiT, Tvlida, rom xelovnebasa da<br />

filosofias erTi Ziri, erTi safuZveli aqvs, es aris<br />

buneba da orive adamianisaTvis am bunebis Sesaxeb codnis<br />

miwodebas emsaxureba. “codnis miReba sasargebloa<br />

71

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ara marto filosofosisTvis, aramed adamianisTvisac”.<br />

poeziis umaRlesi formis - tragediis xasiaTi da masStabi<br />

poezias filosofiasTan aigivebs. tragedias axasiaTebs<br />

,,gonivruloba, saqmis arsTan da mdgomareobasTan<br />

dakavSirebulis Sesaxeb saubris codna” (poetika). amitomac<br />

isini erTmaneTis monaTesaveni arian. poeziis sibrZne<br />

filosofiis sibrZnis analogiuria, gansxvavebulia<br />

am WeSmaritebis mowodebis forma. poezia warmosaxviT<br />

qmnis saxeebs, fabulebs, amuSavebs maT da Sesabamisad<br />

gamoxatavs sityvierad. Ffilosofosi ki eZebs cnebebs,<br />

cnebebi miiReba diskursiuli azrovnebiT, ganWvretis<br />

gziT, rasac gansakuTrebuli niWi sWirdeba. esqiles,<br />

sofokles, evripides, aristofanes nawarmoebebi pirovnebisa<br />

da sazogadoebis, pirovnebisa da “alter-egos”, bedisweris,<br />

Tavisuflebis, arCevanis problemebze orientirebuli<br />

erTgvari filosofiuri traqtatebia.<br />

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi icvleboda Sexedulebebi<br />

samyaroze, maradiul problemebze, adamianze, WeSmaritebaze.Yyovelive<br />

es ganapirobebda cvlilebebs filosofiur<br />

azrovnebaSi, axali Sexedulebebis Camoyalibebas da<br />

gabatonebas, rac pirdapiri gziT aisaxeboda xelovnebis<br />

ganviTarebaze da ayalibebda axal esTetikas, axal<br />

kanonebs.<br />

meoce saukune udidesi politikuri da socialuri<br />

kataklizmebis simravliT aRiniSna - ori msoflio omi,<br />

ori didi monstris arseboba komunizmisa da faSizmis<br />

saxiT, “didi depresia.” “msoflio omma gamoavlina adamianur<br />

arsebobaSi dagrovili boroteba, RvarZli, boRma<br />

da siZulvili. man moaxdina borotebis obieqtivireba,<br />

borotebisa, romelic manamde TiTqos dafaruli rCeboda<br />

subieqturisa da araobieqturis wiaRSi. omma gamoavlina<br />

Cveni civilizaciis siyalbe. man gamoiwvia yvela<br />

Zalis obieqtivireba da socializireba keTili ki ara,<br />

boroti moqmedebisaTvis... omma moZaladeebi aRzarda.<br />

galiidan TavdaRweuli siZulvilisa da xocva-Jletis<br />

demonebi kvlav ganagrZoben moqmedebas samyaroSi” (2).<br />

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arsebulma mdgomareobam noyieri niadagi Seqmna ise-<br />

Ti filosofiuri mimdinareobis gaaqtiurebisaTvis, rogoric<br />

egzistencializmi iyo. igi meoce saukunis mTavar,<br />

gabatonebul moZRvrebad iqca da mas “atomisa da<br />

SiSis” saukunis filosofia uwodes, radgan proiritetulad<br />

iqca adamianis arsebis, misi sicocxlisa da gancdebis<br />

(Zrwolis, martoobis, amaoebis da sxva) amsaxveli<br />

problemebi. egzistencializmis centrSi dgas adamiani,<br />

rogorc gansakuTrebuli konkretuli arseba, - egzistenci.<br />

adamianuri egzistenci yovelTvis individualuria,<br />

igi individis yofnis saxea. igi yovelTvis mkacrad<br />

subieqturia da ar emorCileba obieqtur zogadobebs.<br />

adamiani ar ganixileba rogorc izolirebuli arseba.<br />

adamiani Ria realobaa, romelic ukavSirdeba gare<br />

samyaros. egzistenci ar aris yofnis ucvleli forma,<br />

igi gamudmebiT icvleba drosTan da droulobasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, igi yovelTvis Tavisuflad qmnis Tavis<br />

Tavs, mudmiv qmnadobaSia. realoba ganicdeba pirad<br />

gamocdilebaSi. cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis wyarod<br />

maT miaCniaT Zrwola, romelsac adamiani ganicdis maSin,<br />

roca gaacnobierebs amqveyniuri usafuZvlo yofnis<br />

sasrulobas, romelic gardauvali sikvdiliT mTavrdeba.<br />

egzistencializms safuZveli meTvramete saukunis<br />

danieli filosofosis soren kirkegoris Sexedulebebma<br />

Cauyara. “sadRac arsebobs saflavi, romelsac aqvs<br />

warwera: “aq ganisvenebs Yyvelaze ubeduri adamiani.” vin<br />

SeiZleba igi iyos - ase iwyebs Tavis erT-erT naSroms<br />

soren kirkegori. da iqve pasuxobs,Urom ubeduria Ti-<br />

Toeuli, radgan arCevanis dros suli yovelTvis marto<br />

rCeba sakuTar TavTan, samyaros masTan araferi esaqmeba.<br />

“ubeduri yovelTvis uaryofilia sakuTar Tavisgan, mas<br />

SeuZlia icxovros mxolod warsuliT an momavliT”.<br />

kirkegorisaTvis WeSmariteba subieqturobaSia, sakuTari<br />

gancdebSi, radgan yvelaze mTavaria “SiSis” gancda. ara<br />

konkretuli SiSis, aramed yovelive “ara mes”, sxvis mimarT.<br />

swored es aris egzistenciis mTavari maxasiaTebeli,<br />

romlis gaazreba SeuZlebelia. “Cemi suli - mkvdar<br />

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zRvas hgavs, romelze gadafrena arc erT frinvels ar<br />

SeuZlia. gzis naxevarze, daRlili, Tavqve daeSveba, sadac<br />

sikvdili, araraoba elodeba” (3). “sad var me ras<br />

niSnavs es samyaro ratom vmonawileob masSi” kirkegoris<br />

azriT, adamiani iZulebulia yovelTvis arCevanis<br />

winaSe idges. gadawyvetilebis miRebisas igi mxolod sakuTar<br />

Tavs unda daeyrdnos, radgan sxvisi gamocdileba<br />

mas arafers matebs. fsiqologiuri analiziT igi im<br />

daskvnamde mivida, rom arc samyaroSi, arc samyaros gareT<br />

ar arsebobs araferi, rasac adamiani daeyrdnoba<br />

da rac simSvides moutans. adamiani martoa am samyaro-<br />

Si, ara aqvs masSi garantirebuli adgili. adamiani mudam<br />

mowyvetilia RmerTs da amave dros mudam mas eZiebs,<br />

an misken aris mimarTuli. kirgegorma aSkarad dainaxa<br />

sazogadoebis momakvdinebeli krizisis niSnebi, romelic<br />

mxolod meoce saukuneSi gaxda gamokveTilad aqtualuri.<br />

egzistencializmis Zireul sakiTxs warmoadgens<br />

RmerTisadmi damokidebulebis garkveva. swored es sakiTxi<br />

warmoSobs mimdinareobis SigniT or mTavar ganStoebas:<br />

erTia aTeisturi mimarTuleba, romelsac warmoadgenen<br />

sartri, kamiu, marseli; meore – religiuri, romelSic<br />

erTiandebian berdiaevi, Sestovi, iaspersi. religiuri<br />

Stos mimdevrebi miiCnevdenen, rom sasowarkve-<br />

Tidan Tavis daRweva adamians RmerTis, rwmenis saSualebiT<br />

SeuZlia. aTeistebi ki Tvlidnen, rom adamianma<br />

Tavad unda moipovos sakuTari Tavi da darwmundes ima-<br />

Si, rom aravis da arafers SeuZlia misi gadarCena saku-<br />

Tari Tavisagan, TviT RmerTis arsebobis Tanmimdevrul<br />

dasabuTebasac ki. egzistencialistebi Tvlian, rom uaxlesi<br />

istoriis katastrofulma movlenebma gamoavlina<br />

ara marto individualobaTa, aramed mTeli adamianuri<br />

yofis aramdgradoba da simyife. amqveynad “gaZlebisaTvis”<br />

individi, pirvel yovlisa, unda erkveodes sakuTar<br />

Sinagan samyaroSi, Seafasos Tavisi unari da SesaZleblobebi.<br />

sazogadoebrivi kanonebis rRveviT gamowveuli<br />

urwmunoeba adamians “SiSvels” tovebs samyaroSi, isto-<br />

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iis winaSe, igi Tavs mitovebulad, ususurad grZnobs<br />

da Tavis tragikulobas ganicdis. ”adamiani darCa sammagad<br />

gaucxoebuli – RmerTisgan, bunebisagan da giganturi<br />

socialuri aparatisagan, romelic mis materialur<br />

moTxovnilebebs akmayofilebs. Mmagram yvelaze uaresi<br />

sakuTari Tavisagan gaucxoebaa” (4).<br />

“me vfiqrob, e.i. me vazrovneb,” - yvela adamians Tavisi<br />

msoflmxedveloba da Sexedulebebi aqvs garkveuli<br />

movlenis Tu sagnis mimarT. xelovani Tavisi epoqis, garemos,<br />

socialuri jgufis nawilia. rogorc nebismier<br />

adamians, masac aqvs fsiqologiuri da socialuri Sexedulebebi.<br />

isini TavianT naazrev-nafiqrals gansxvavebuli<br />

gziT gamoxataven. Ppoetebi – sityviT, mxatvrebi –<br />

funjiT, musikosebi – musikiT, kinoreJisorebi ki ufro<br />

mdidari saSualebebiT, radgan kinoena amis saSualebas<br />

iZleva, igi Tavis TavSi aerTianebs sityvasac, mxatvrobasac,<br />

musikasac, arqiteqturasac. Mmisi simbolo-niSnebi<br />

bevrad ufro mdidaria. maTi floba did ganaTlebas,<br />

niWs, gemovnebas, zomierebis grZnobas da, rac mTavaria,<br />

gulwrfelobas iTxovs. saTqmels aqtualurs garemopirobebi<br />

qmnis. adamianis cnobiereba yofierebiT ganisaz-<br />

Rvreba - aris periodi, roca mxolod gancxromaze fiqrobs,<br />

dgeba periodi, roca gadarCenas cdilobs.<br />

dasavleT evropis SemoqmedebiT cxovrebas, xelovnebas<br />

maSinve daetyo egzistencializmis gavlena. es ar<br />

iyo moulodneli, Tu ki gaviTvaliswinebT, rom bevri<br />

egzistencialisti amave dros gamoCenili xelovanicaa<br />

da mxatvruli formiT gadmoscems egzistenciur ideebs<br />

(sartri, kamiu, marseli). mwerlebma, musikosebma, mxatvrebma<br />

yuradReba adamians miapyres, mis ususurobas da<br />

umweobas. “dehumanizaciis” procesi, rogorc mas berdiaevi<br />

uwodebda, yvelaze mkafiod literaturaSi, romanSi<br />

gamoixata. “iq ver ipoviT adamianis mTlian saxes, iq<br />

mxolod SegrZnebebi, inteleqtualur Tu racionalur<br />

mdgomareobaTa elementebia... uwinares yovlisa qreba<br />

guli, rogorc adamianuri arsebis mTliani da centraluri<br />

organo, rogorc adamianur grZnobaTa mtvirTve-<br />

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li.Aadamiani wuxs, sasowarkveTilebaSic ki vardeba mTliani<br />

adamianuri arsebis am gaqrobis gamo, magram ar<br />

SeuZlia misi SenarCuneba. zogjer mas kidec axarebs Tavisi<br />

gaqroba... romanSi aRar aris adamianur tipTa simdidre,<br />

adamianuri samyaros mravalferovneba, aramed<br />

mxolod im arsebis nafleTebi da elementebia, romelsac<br />

adre adamiani erqva... Tanamedrove fsiqologiuri<br />

romani... qvecnobieris analizs ukirkitebs da SegrZneba-<br />

Ta mcurav samyaroSi iZireba, inteleqtualobiT saSinlad<br />

garTulebuli. adamians qvecnobieris Zalaufleba<br />

iseve Slis, rogorc tvinis Wyleta” (5).<br />

evropul kinematografSi es xazi yvelaze metad gamoixata<br />

espaneli lui buniuelis, Svedi ingmar bergmanis,<br />

italieli federiko felinis, miqelanjelo antonionis,<br />

pier paolo pazolinis, franguli “axali tal-<br />

Ris” warmomadgenelTa SemoqmedebaSi. maTTan gvxvdeba<br />

gamZafrebuli sulieri krizisi, pirovnebis gaucxoebis<br />

tendencia, adamianis, rogorc pirovnebis unikalurobis<br />

dakargvis saSiSroeba. maTi Semoqmedebis mTavar msaz-<br />

Rvrelad SiSi iqca. xan sikvdili aSinebT, xan sicocxle,<br />

xan siyvaruli, xan siZulvili. adamiani Tavis sulier<br />

yofierebaSi Rrmad maSin ixedeba, roca SiSsa da<br />

sasowarkveTaSi vardeba. SiSi adamianuri yofierebis<br />

yvelaze mniSvnelovani egzistenciaa.<br />

problemebi, romlebic evropul xelovnebaSi da filosofiur<br />

azrovnebaSi gasuli saukunis 50-ian wlebSi<br />

gavrcelda, sabWoTa da kerZod qarTul kinematografSi<br />

jer kidev 60-ian wlebSi iCina Tavi (sabWoTa kavSiri<br />

msoflios nawili iyo da miuxedavad Caketili saz-<br />

Rvrebisa da gabatonebuli ideologiisa, axalma talRam<br />

SemoaRwia sabWour sivrceSi da amdenad, msoflio<br />

xelovanTa Soris garkveuli kavSiri damyarda, radgan<br />

es talRa gamowveuli iyo erTi d aigive mizeziT –<br />

mecnierul-teqnikuri progresiT da msoflio omiT, rasac<br />

sabWoTa sistemaSi saxelmwifos xelovnuri, arabunebrivi<br />

mowyoba emateboda), ganviTarebas ki ukve 80-iani<br />

wlebis miwuruls miaRwia. amas xeli Seuwyo politi-<br />

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kurma da socialurma cvlilebebma, romlebmac mTeli<br />

qveyana moicva. sabWoTa kavSiris, rogorc saxelmwifos,<br />

rRvevis Sedegad gaCenilma gaurkvevlobam, SiSis sindromma,<br />

politikurma, ekonomikurma, socialurma movlenebma,<br />

adamiani ukidures zRvramde miiyvana, wina planze<br />

wamoiwia ZiriTadi sakiTxi - rogorme gadavrCeT. cnobilma<br />

movlenebma, omma, gaWirvebam sazogadoebaSi da<br />

adamianSi gaaRviZa yvelaze uaryofiTi instinqtebi – rasobrivi,<br />

nacionaluri, Zalauflebis, Zaladobisa da Surisgebis.<br />

Aaxlad formirebuli sazogadoeba “adamianis,<br />

adamianuri saxisa Tu WeSmaritebis faseulobebisagan<br />

sruliad gansxvavebul faseulobebs aRiarebs – Zlierebis,<br />

teqnikis, rasis, nacionalobis, saxelmwifos, klasisas<br />

Tu koleqtivisas. simarTlisaken mswraf nebas Zlevamosilebisaken<br />

mswrafi neba cvlis....adamiani Zlierebas,<br />

sakuTari Zlierebas mieltvis, magram mas iqamde mivyavarT,<br />

rom Zlierebas Tavis Tavze maRla ayenebs. Aam<br />

Zlierebis gulisaTvis SegiZliaT rogorc gindaT ise<br />

moepyroT adamians” (6).<br />

adamiani marto darCa, igi RmerTmac miatova, radgan<br />

Tavad isurva ase. cneba “RmerTi” aucileblad gulisxmobs<br />

cnebas “sindisi”. sindisi ki qaosis periodSi<br />

yvelaze didi xelisSemSlelia. mxolod Zalian Zlier<br />

adamianebs SeuZliaT SeinarCunon adamianis saxe im<br />

Rirebulebebis dacviT, rac adre xelSeuxebelad iTvleboda<br />

da rac saerTod cneba “adamianTan” igivdeboda.<br />

”adamianSi Seirya RvTis xateba da msgavseba da is<br />

TandaTanobiT kargavs RvTisSvilobis Segnebas, rac mis-<br />

Tvis cxadhyo qristianobam”. mZafrad daisva adamianis<br />

martoobis, gaucxoebis problema, gaqra RmerTi, da<br />

masTan erTad gaqra siyvaruli, radgan “RmerTia siyvaruli”,<br />

daisva arCevanis da Tavisuflebis, adamianis pasuxismgeblobis<br />

sakiTxi. adamianma uari Tqva yofiliyo<br />

RvTis xati da saxe da isurva gamxdariyo manqanis xati<br />

da saxe. sazogadoebas ganviTarebis sakuTari gza aqvs.<br />

romelime etapis gamotoveba aucileblad iCens Tavs mis<br />

azrovnebaSi, kanonis darRveva areulobas, qaoss iwvevs.<br />

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yvela dros maxasiaTebeli niSani aqvs, romelic calkeul<br />

sazogadoebaSi, misi mentalobisa da Taviseburebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba gansxvavebuli formiT<br />

gamovlindes. mTavari arsi ki ucvlelia.<br />

gardamaval periods Tavisi kanonebi aqvs.Qqaosi araviTar<br />

kanonzomierebas ar cnobs.Mmaxinji sazogadoeba<br />

maxinj urTierTobebs badebs. “adamiani an kosmiur Zalebs<br />

emorCileba, an teqnikur civilizacias.Mmetic,<br />

aramcTu emorCileba, iTqvifeba da qreba kidec an<br />

kosmiur cxovrebaSi, an yovlisSemZle teqnikaSi. is an<br />

bunebis xatad iqceva, an-manqanisa. Mmagram orive SemTxvevaSi<br />

kargavs Tavis sakuTar saxes da elementebad<br />

iSleba. qreba adamiani rogorc mTliani, Sinagani centris<br />

mqone da sulierad koncentrirebuli arseba, Tavis<br />

kavSirsa da mTlianobas rom inarCunebs.Aadamianis wiladuri<br />

da nawilobrivi elementebi aramarto avtonomiis,<br />

aramed cxovrebaSi umTavresi mniSvnelobis uflebasac<br />

moiTxoven.Aam daqucmacebuli elementebis damkvidreba<br />

adamianSi, magaliTad, qvecnobieris, seqsualuri ltolvisa<br />

da upiratesobisa Tu Zlierebisken mswrafi nebis<br />

elementebisa imas mowmobs, rom qreba adamianis mTliani<br />

saxe da adgils uTmobs araadamianur bunebriv elementebs.<br />

adamiani aRar aris, arian mxolod adamianis<br />

funqciebi. adamianis es daSla sxvadasxva funqciebad,<br />

uwinares yovlisa, teqnikuri civilizaciis Sedegia.” 7<br />

yovelive zemoTqmulma adeqvaturi gamoxatuleba hpova<br />

rogorc mTlianad qarTul sazogadoebaSi, aseve qar-<br />

Tul kinematografSic. Temur babluani, nana jorjaZe,<br />

zaza xalvaSi, daTo janeliZe, levan zaqareiSvili,<br />

dito cincaZe, goderZi Coxeli, aleko cabaZe da sxvebi<br />

_ is reJisorebi arian, romlebic qarTuli kinos 80-<br />

ianelTa Taobas ganekuTvnebian da romelTa gamosvla<br />

SemoqmedebiT asparezze swored politikur-ekonomikuri<br />

kataklizmebis xanas daemTxva. xelovani verafriT gaeqceva<br />

dros da drois mier motanil problemebs, romlebic<br />

im sazogadoebas exeba, romlis warmomadgenelic<br />

Tavad aris. igi sakuTar ”me”-Si atarebs gancdaTa da<br />

78

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emociaTa am mZlavr nakads da sabolood saTqmels<br />

mxatvrul formas aZlevs. es saTqmeli ki ukve Tavidanve<br />

protestis saxes iZens. “yoveldRiuri yofis, Tanamedrove<br />

cxovrebis mier wamoyenebuli problemebi martivad<br />

rodi wydeba. dRiTidRe sul ufro met daZabvas moiTxovs<br />

calkeul movlenaTa gaazreba. amitomac TviT<br />

drom, cxovrebam gaxada aucilebeli ufro metad dafiqrebuliyo<br />

qarTuli kinos romantikuli gmiri. misi romantikuli<br />

Tvisebebi sul ufro iniRbeboda, ifareboda.<br />

... adre maTTvis sruliad ucxo arCevanis winaSe dadgnen.<br />

maTi romantikuloba axla “prozaze” maRla ki ara,<br />

TviT prozaSi unda gamovleniliyo.” 8 qarTuli kino Seecada<br />

azriani, fiqriT aRsavse dialogi gaemarTa mayurebelTan.<br />

amasTanave, SesTavaza iseTi saxeebi, romelTa<br />

SefasebisaTvis TviT mayurebels unda gaeRrmavebina Tavisi<br />

fiqrebi, gaemarTa dialogi. es gmirebi ukve sakmaod<br />

prozaulebi gaxdnen da gadarCenisaTvis, adgilis damkvidrebisaTvis<br />

daiwyes brZola. TandaTan gaqra qarTuli<br />

kinosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli romantikuli gmiri, romelsac<br />

unari hqonda yvelaferSi sikeTis marcvali daenaxa<br />

da gaeRvivebina, romelic sicocxlis sixaruliT<br />

arsebobda, RimiliT uyurebda samyaros da miuxedavad<br />

uamravi garsmoxveuli problemisa, axerxebda imediani<br />

yofiliyo.<br />

rusuli termini “Cernuxa” swored am periodSi damkvidrda<br />

da igi sazogadoebis gaxrwnis, politikuri<br />

sistemis moSlis, korufciis aRzevebis mimaniSneblad<br />

iqca. es iyo protestis niSani, rac Taviseburad aisaxeboda<br />

filmebSi. gaCnda gmiri, romelsac arsad mieCqareba,<br />

araferi darCa gadasawyveti, garda sakuTar Tav-<br />

Tan konfliqtisa, garda sakuTar “me”-sTan arsebuli<br />

problemisa. Seiqmna Taviseburi stili. Ddidxans wvims,<br />

moZraoba mdorea, gmiri didxans modis. aman filmebs<br />

sxva tempo-ritmi SesZina.Mmoqmedeba ufro gawelili gaxda.Ees<br />

sruliadac ar niSnavs imas, rom daikarga ritmis<br />

grZnoba, drom moiTxova ase da drom Seqmna aseTi<br />

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itmi. es iyo depresiaSi myofi sazogadoebis ritmi,<br />

xolo xelovani am sazogadoebis Semadgeneli nawilia.<br />

pirovnuli gaucxoebis am oromtrialSi qarTul kinoSic<br />

gaaqtiurda is filosofiuri tendenciebi, romelic<br />

ukve ikiTxeboda evropul kinematografSi. aqac gamovlinda<br />

msoflmxedvelobis ori urTierTsawinaaRmdego<br />

mimarTuleba, erTni Tvlidnen, rom rom xsna, gamosavali<br />

mdgomareobidan _ RmerTis, uflis rwmenaSia, meore<br />

mxares, gacilebiT mravalricxovans, miaCnda, rom<br />

RmerTma miatova adamiani, igi “gadagdebulia” samyaroSi,<br />

igi martosulia. yvelaze mkveTrad es mimarTulebebi<br />

aleko cabaZisa da goderZi Coxelis SemoqmedebaSi<br />

aisaxa. maTTan TiTqos gaerTianebulia Taobis saxe, Tavmoyrilia<br />

misi saTqmeli. erTi da igive sagans Tu movlenas<br />

isini gansxvavebulad xedaven da aRiqvamen, magram<br />

satkivari erTia – adamianis suli. sxvadasxva kuTxiT<br />

danaxuli satkivari ki erTmaneTs avsebs da Taobis erT<br />

mTlian saxes gvaZlevs.<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura<br />

1. l.oCiauri, “poeturi tendenciebi 60-70-iani wlebis qar-<br />

Tul kinoSi”, avtoreferati xelovnebaTmcodneobis mecnierebaTa<br />

kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad,<br />

Tb, 2005 .<br />

2. n. berdiaevi, adamianis bedi Tanamedrove samyaroSi, Tb.,<br />

2001, gv. 14.<br />

3. Е. Вейцман, Очерки философии кино, М., 1978 , с. 69.<br />

4. Е Вейцман. назв. соч., с. 71.<br />

5. n. berdiaevi, dasax. naS., gv. 29.<br />

6. n. berdiaevi dasax. naS., gv. 26.<br />

7. n. berdiaevi, dasax. naS., gv. 28.<br />

8. g. gvaxaria, Tanamedrove gmiris problema 80-iani wlebis<br />

qarTul kinoSi, sabWoTa xelovneba, #1 , Tb., 1983.<br />

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Inga Khalvashi<br />

Influence of Existentialism on Cinematography<br />

Summary<br />

Philosophy has influenced the formation of the and essence of art. In the 20 th<br />

century Existentialism became a driving philosophic stream which aimed at clarifying<br />

the attitude with God. This factor resulted in the formation of two major trends within<br />

the stream: religious and atheistic. The nature of the 20 th century art cinematography<br />

as well is determined by this philosophic doctrine.<br />

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manuCar loria<br />

eTnografiuli filmis<br />

modelireba<br />

vizualur anTropologiaSi<br />

bolo aTwleulSi humanitarul mecnierebaSi gvxvdeba<br />

SesamCnevi cvlilebebi, warmoiqmneba axali mecnieruli<br />

mimarTulebebi da disciplinebi, romelTa Soris<br />

gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia vizualur anTropologias.Aam<br />

samecniero mimarTulebisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />

eTnografiuli vizualuri informaciis mopoveba da analizi,<br />

anTropologiuri Tu eTnografiuli filmebis<br />

momzadeba da a.S.<br />

vizualuri anTropologia naxevari saukunis win<br />

daarsda kulturul anTropologiis CarCoebSi. am<br />

droisaTvis viTardeba. rogorc damoukidebeli samecniero<br />

disciplina. igi mWidro kavSirSia kulturul da<br />

socialur anTropologiasTan. am ori dargis damoukideblad<br />

arsebobas mxars uWers inglisis sociologiuri<br />

da anTropologiuri skola, maSin rodesac amerikaSi maT<br />

Soris arsebiTi gansxvaveba ar aris. termini „socialuri<br />

anTropologia“ gaCnda inglisSi axali kaTedris aRsaniSnavad,<br />

romelsac xelmZRvanelobda jeims frezeri. igi<br />

dainteresebuli iyo ara materialuri kulturis, aramed,<br />

pirvel yovlisa, Cvevebis, ganwyobebisa da socialuri<br />

danawesebis SeswavliT. socialuri anTropologiis sagani<br />

yvelaze mkveTrad adreul funqcionalizmSi (inglisuri<br />

frTa) gamoikveTa radklif-braunisa (1881-1955) da bronislav<br />

malinovskis (1884-1942) mier, romlebmac TavianTi<br />

kvlevis sagani gansazRvres rogorc socialuri urTier-<br />

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Tobebisa da socialuri struqturis Seswavla. kulturuli<br />

anTropologia adamians swavlobs rogorc „mwarmoebel<br />

adamians“ – „homo faber“, an anglosaqsurad – „iaraRis<br />

mkeTebels“ – „tool-maker“. Cvevebi, ganwyobebi da rwmena<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi ganixileba, rogorc inteleqtualuri<br />

xasiaTis „teqnikuri saSualebebi“. analogiuri mecniereba<br />

saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad ori saxeliTeTnografiiTa<br />

(xalxis aRwera) da eTnologiiT (xalxis Seswavla) aris<br />

cnobili. dasavluri specliteraturis mixedviT, es dargebi<br />

gayofilia, rogorc aRwerilobiTi da Teoriuli disciplina<br />

da orive istoriisken, xolo socialuri da<br />

kulturuli anTropologia sociologiisken ixreba (yi<br />

yifi<br />

fi-<br />

ani, 1995:6–9; meliqiSvili, 2000:9–10; sptlc, 2004: 279).<br />

am droisaTvis kargad SemuSvebulia samecniero-kvleviTi,<br />

Teoriuli da meTodologiuri principebi sxvadasxva<br />

tipis vizualur masalasTan samuSaod. vizualur<br />

anTropologiis mTavari mizania kulturis audio-vizualuri<br />

dokumentaci da analizi. vizualuri masalebi,<br />

romlebic inarCuneben drois realobas, warmoadgenen<br />

axali hipoTezis aRuwerel wyaros (dawvr. ix.: Balikci,<br />

1987; 1988. Mead, 1995).<br />

eTnografiisa da kinos mWidro TanamSromloba daiwyo<br />

XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi, gansakuTrebiT aSS-Si, safrangeTSi,<br />

avstraliaSi, nawilobriv did britaneTSic.<br />

ეთნოგრაფიული filmis ganviTarebaze did gavlenas<br />

axdens ekonomikuri faqtori. filmis gadaReba did<br />

TanxebTan aris dakavSirebuli da finansurad mogebiani ar<br />

aris komerciul bazarze. am filmebis ZiriTadi momxmarebelia<br />

saganmanaTleblo da samecniero dawesebulebebi.<br />

XX saukunis 20-30-iani wlebSi eqspediciebis umetesoba<br />

jdeboda ramdenime aTasi dolari da mkvlevarTa anazRaureba<br />

ar iyo didi. Tumca, mainc Seiqmna eTnografiuli<br />

TvalsazrisiT saintereso filmebi, risi naTeli dadasturebaa<br />

amerikeli reJisoris robert flaertis saqmia-<br />

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noba. man Tavisi moRvaweobiT gansakuTrebuli adgili<br />

daikava XX saukunis kinodokumentalistikaSi. aRsaniSnavia<br />

misi filmebi: „Crdiloeli nanuki“, „samxreT zRvebis<br />

mona“, „24 dolariani kunZuli“ ,„meqoTnis istoria“,<br />

„samxreTis zRvebis TeTri Crdilebi“, „tabu“, „industriuli<br />

britaneTi“, „araneli kaci“, „miwa“, „moTxroba<br />

luizianaze“ (Loizos, 1993:5-15; MacDougall, 1976:135-149;<br />

Barsam, 1988:12-27; Дробашенко, 1966:237-58). am didi reJisoris<br />

filmebic iyo ufro eTnografiuli da naklebad<br />

komerciuli. robert flaertis Semoqmedebam safuZveli<br />

Cauyara eTnografiuli filmis gadaRebasa da vizualuri<br />

anTropologiis samecniero dargad Camoyalibebas.<br />

XX saukunis 60-iani wlebidan aqtiurad iwyeba<br />

eTnografiuli filmebis warmoeba. es dakavSirebuli iyo<br />

ramdenime qveyanaSi sauniversiteto, samecniero dawesebulebebisaTvis<br />

materialuri pirobebis gaumjobesebasTan<br />

da SedarebiT gazrdil dafinansebasTan ().<br />

saqarTveloSi, ise rogorc მთელ postsabWour<br />

sivrceSi, bolo wlebSi SedarebiT xelmisawvdomi gaxda<br />

videoteqnika, ramac mkvlevarebs – eTnologebs, folkloristebs<br />

saSualeba misca gasuliyvnen video kameriT<br />

velze samuSaod. Tumca problemaa is, rom qarTulad ar<br />

arsebobs meTodika da literatura vizualuri anTropologiis<br />

Sesaxeb. aSS–სა da evropaSi gamocemuli saxelmZRvaneloebi<br />

naklebad xelmisawvdomia Cvens qveyanaSi.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, aucilebelia moxdes adaptacia<br />

am saxelmZRvaneloebis qarTul sinamdvilesTan, kerZod,<br />

saqarTveloSi arsebul kvlevis meTodebTan, savele samuSaoebTan<br />

kavSiri, arsebul materialur sirTuleeb-<br />

Tan, cud teqnikur bazasTan da sxv.<br />

erT-erTi aseTi problemaa – savele meTodebi vizualur<br />

anTropologiaSi. bronislav malinovskis azriT,<br />

savele samuSaoebis ZiriTadi mizania “daiWiro adgilobrivi<br />

macxovreblis mTavari azri da miswrafeba am<br />

sferoSi”. es sityvebi dRemde rCeba anTropologiis lo-<br />

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zungad. gzebi, romliTac es mizani miiRweva, Semdegia:<br />

aucilebelia icxovro da kontaqti gqondes yoveldRe<br />

adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan, raTa isini SeeCvion mkvlevarTan<br />

urTierTobas; saWiroa enis codna, raTa ar moxdes<br />

informaciis damaxinjeba; mkvlevarma unda moaxdinos<br />

yuradRebis koncentracia yvela urTierTdamakavSirebel<br />

movlenaze kulturaSi, raდგან isini imdenadაა dakav-<br />

Sirebuli erTmaneTTan, rom erTis gamotovebiT irRveva<br />

informaciis mTlianoba; mkvlvarma ar unda mianiWos<br />

mniSvneloba iseT movlenebs, romelic misi interesis<br />

sferoSi ar Sedis, mTavari yuradReba unda iqnas gamaxvilebuli<br />

yoveldRiur cxovrebaze; mkvlevarმა, romelsac<br />

ainteresebs kulturis esa Tu is movlenა aucileblad<br />

yuradReba unda miaqcios adamianebis qcevas, pirdapiri<br />

SekiTxvebiT, ის srul informacias ver moipovebs, xalxi<br />

naklebad aqcevs yuradRebas kulturas, aRiqvams mas<br />

rogorc TavisTavad gamomdinares.<br />

malinovskis moRvaweobidan dawyebuli (1914 w. rodesac<br />

is gaemgzavra eqspediciaSi melaneziaSi, iTvleba<br />

socialuri anTropologiis aRmoCenis wlad – britanuli<br />

disciplinis variantad), cneba „veli” rCeba gamocanad<br />

dasavluri anTropologiisaTvis da yofili<br />

sabWoTa eTnografiisaTvis. „veli”– mxolod moTxovna<br />

ar iyo sakvlevi kulturis gasagebad, es iyo gansakuTrebuli<br />

teqnika sxvisi kulturis gasagebad da am<br />

kulturis sakuTar enaze gadmosayvanad. anTropologi,<br />

eTnologi is pirovnebaa, romelic detalurad wvdeba<br />

sxvadasxva xalxis cxovrebaს, ეს ბazisia, romelic agebulia<br />

intensiur da inteleqtualur gamokvlevebze<br />

(Христофорова, 2006: 98-99).<br />

savele muSaobis periodSi mniSvnelovani momentia<br />

kulturis videomonitoringi. idea Semdegi warmodgenebidan<br />

gamomdinareobs: kulturis swrafi dinamikidan, Tanamedrove<br />

kulturis mozaikurobidan, romelic Sedgeba uam-<br />

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avi mikrokulturიsa da jgufuri kulturebisgan – nacionaluri,<br />

regionaluri, religiuri, asakobrivi, profesiuri<br />

da a.S. (dawvr. ix.: Александров, 1998).<br />

savele muSaobisa da monitoringis safuZvelze<br />

iqmneba saintereso saganmanaTleblo da samecniero filmebi.<br />

idealurma eTnografiulma Tu anTropologiurma<br />

filmმa unda SeiTavsos reJisoris xelovneba da mecnieris<br />

erudireba. arsebobs arsebiTi gansxvaveba ეთნოგრაფიასა da<br />

kinos Soris. es gansxvavebebi SemdegSi mdgomareobs:<br />

ეთნოგრაფი iwyebs muSaobas Teoriuli problemebisa da<br />

gegmis gamomuSavebiT, reJisori ki – ideisa da scenaris;<br />

ეთნოგრაფი agrovebs masalas kiTxvebisa da dakvirvebis<br />

gziT, reJisori ki iRebs ZiriTad masalas; ეთნოგრაფი aanalizebs<br />

mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT mopovebul masalas,<br />

reJisori ki amontaJebs gadaRebul masalas; ეთნოგრაფი<br />

amTavrebs naSroms werilobiTi daskvniT, reJisoris<br />

daskvna ki filmia (dawvr. ix.: Хайдер, 2000).<br />

aqedan gamomdinare pasuxi rom gaeces SekiTxvas – ra<br />

Tvisebebi qmnis films eTnografiuls, da ramdenad eTnografiulia<br />

is“ – zustad unda gairkves am mimarTulebis<br />

filmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ori arsebiTi Tviseba:<br />

ramdenad zustad SeuZlia films Seeferebodes maRal<br />

anTropologiur amocanebsa da standartebs da rogor<br />

SeiZleba filmმa gadmoqvces informacia, romlis gadmocemac<br />

ar SeuZliaT monografiebs<br />

filmi unda iyos dafuZnebuli eTnografiul gagebaze.<br />

rac ufro Zlieria es gageba, miT ufro maRalia<br />

ფილმის xarisxi. gadaReba unda daiwyos mxolod eTnografiuli<br />

masalebis Segrovebis Semdeg. რeJisori timoti<br />

eSi TanamSromlobda savele gadaRebebis dros eTnograf<br />

napoleon SanonTan. amitom filmis avtorma filmSi eTnografiuli<br />

gagebis maqsimalurad formirebis SesaZlebloba<br />

mogvca. „mkvdari Citebi“, „danis tkbili kartofili“,<br />

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„bavSvuri metoqeoba axal gvineasa da balSi“ anTropologebma<br />

gadaiRes gamokvlevis bolos. filmi unda pasuxobdes<br />

kinomatografiul standartebsac.<br />

reJisorisa da anTropologis erToblivma namuSevarma<br />

saboloo jamSi unda gaსces pasuxi kiTxvas – ra<br />

aris vizualuri anTropologiisTvis Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT<br />

mniSvnelovani da rogor SeiZleba eTnosisaTvis<br />

damaxasiaTebeli aspeqtebis asaxva vizualurad filmSi<br />

bolo 30-40 wlis ganmavlobaSi sainformacio teqnologiebis<br />

ganviTაrabam anTropologiuri filmebis Seqmnis<br />

procesi aqcia mTel warmoebad da aRiara, rom filmi aris<br />

mecnieruli teqstis principulad axali saxe, romelic ar<br />

Seidreba kulturis werilobiT aRwerasTan da ar aris<br />

misi ilustracia. Sesabamisad, vizualuri anTropologia<br />

gamokvlevis meTodidan TandaTanobiT iqca damoukidebel<br />

disciplinad Tavisi stratეgiebiTa da problemebiT. sxvadasxva<br />

qveynis umaRles saswavleblebSi da samecniero<br />

dawesebulebebSi iqmneba Sesabamisi mimarTulebis centrebi.<br />

tardeba anTropologiuri, eTnografiuli filmebis<br />

festivalebi da konferenciebi: de popolis festivali<br />

florenciaSi, vizualuri anTropologiis konferencia<br />

filadelfiaSi, du realis kino parizSi, margaret midis<br />

filmis festivali niu-iorkSi, samefo anTropologiuri<br />

institutis eTnografiuli filmis festivali manCesterSi,<br />

ruseTis anTropologiuri filmebis festivali da<br />

sxva (VA, 1996: 4/1348-1349. aseve, МБСК, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001,<br />

2002, 2003; ОСК,1998; ТО, 2004 ).<br />

sainformacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebam, erTi<br />

mxriv, xeli Seuwyos vizualur anTropologiis specifikuri<br />

problemebis gadaWras, meore mxriv – mis winaSe<br />

dadga eTikuri da esTetikuri problemebi, romlebic fundametur<br />

gamokvlevas saWiroebs. Tumca, Tavis mxriv, vizualuri<br />

anTropologia axal teqnologiur standartebs<br />

gvTavazobs, romlebic nawilobriv gamomdinareobs misi<br />

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interesis sferodan da igi, paralelurad warmoadgens<br />

saintereso models sxva samecniero disciplinebisTvisac.<br />

uaxlesi teqnologiebi saSualebas iZleva ufro<br />

martivad mivaRwioT Cvens Canafiqrs da saWiro codnis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, mayurebels mivawodoT nawarmi, romelic<br />

yvela parametriT iqneba daxvewili. aqve kidev erTxel<br />

aRvniSnavT, rom vizualuri anTropologia aris kulturologiuri<br />

moRvaweoba, sadac sociokulturuli anTropologia,<br />

kinoxelovneba da sainformaციო teqnologiebi<br />

urTierTkavSirSia.<br />

citirebuli literatura<br />

1. meliqiSvili, 2000 – meliqiSvili l. eTnografia Tu eTnologia,<br />

Tbilisi.<br />

2. sptlc, 2004 – socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni–cnobari,<br />

Tbilisi.<br />

3. yifiani, 1995 – yifiani p. eTnologiis problemebi, Tbilisi.<br />

4. Александров, 1998 - Александров Е.В., обоснование и принципи<br />

вызуально-антропологического мониторинга.– Открытие и<br />

сообщаемость культур: гуманитарный симпозиум, Институт<br />

Гуманитарного Партнерства, Москва.<br />

5. Дробашенко, 2000 - Дробашенко С. Мир Роберта Флаэрти, в сборнике:<br />

Вопросы киноискусства, в. 9, Москва.<br />

6. МБСК, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003 - Материальная база сферы<br />

культуры, Москва.<br />

7. ОСК,1998 - Открытие и сообщаемость культур: гуманитарный<br />

симпозиум, Москва.<br />

8. ТО, 2004 - Материалы Второго Московского Международного<br />

Фестиваля и конференции визуальной антропологии "Традиции и<br />

объектив", Москва.<br />

9. Хайдер, 2000 - Хайдер К. Этнографический фильм. Пер. М.<br />

Ахметовой, М.<br />

10. Христофорова, 2006 - Христофорова О. Визуальная антропология:<br />

российская действительность и зарубежный опыт, в сборнике: I<br />

Всероссийский конгресс фольклористов, Т. 2 , Москва.<br />

88

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11. Balikci, 1987 - Balikci A., The Legacy of Margaret Mead: the Case of<br />

Visual anthropology. In: Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent<br />

Anthropological Research. Vienna. Vol. 8.<br />

12. Balikci, 1988 - Balikci A., Anthropologist and Ethnographic Filmmakers.<br />

In: Anthropological Filmmaking. J’ Rollwagen, ed. NY Harwood.<br />

13. Barsam R. The Vision of Robert Flaherty: The Artist as Myth and<br />

Filmmaker, Bloomington, 1988.<br />

14. VA, 1996 - Visual Anthropology. In Encyclopedia of Cultural<br />

Anthropology, David Levinson and Melvin Ember, editors. New York:<br />

Henry Holt and Company, vol. 4.<br />

15. Loizos, 1993 - Loizos P. Innovation in Ethnographic Film: From Innocence<br />

to Self-Consciousness.<br />

16. Mead, 1995 - Mead M., Visual Anthropology in a Discipline of Words. In:<br />

Principles of Visual Anthropology. P. Hockings, ed. Mouton.<br />

17. MacDougall D."Prospects of the Ethnographic Film” rpt in Nichols, Bill.<br />

Movies and Methods Vol 1, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1976.<br />

Manuchar Loria<br />

Ethnographic film modelling in visual anthropology<br />

Summary<br />

Visual Anthropology during its short history which probably<br />

started with the excellent Robert Flaherty Nanouk of the North Visual<br />

Anthropology has revealed itself much broader than filming of exotic<br />

peoples.<br />

Synthetic nature of Visual Anthropology which unites expression<br />

of contemporary art and humanitarian ideas provides interest not only of<br />

professionals but also of the broader circle of viewers intrigued by<br />

historical destinies of their family, their people, their world.<br />

Ethnographic film main aspects in visual anthropology are<br />

discussed in the article.<br />

89

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lia kalandariSvili<br />

kultura, rogorc<br />

kinoTxrobis simboluri Sre.<br />

kidev erTxel `jariskacis<br />

mamis~ Sesaxeb<br />

samociani wlebidan qarTul kinoSi axali etapi<br />

iwyeba. ekranze Cndeba mkafio ferebiT gamoxatuli xalxuroba,<br />

yoveldRiur yofaSi moZiebuli adamianuri<br />

faseulobani, erovnul xasiaTTan da RirebulebebTan<br />

Serwymuli saxe-idealebi. erT-erTi pirveli, vinc safu-<br />

Zveli Cauyara axal, erovnul kinoxelovnebas – dramaturgi<br />

suliko JRentia. mis scenarebSi gaJRerebuli<br />

ideebi scildebian sabWoTa cenzuris moTxovnebs da<br />

mWidrod ukavSirdebian sakuTari kulturis fesvebs.<br />

dramaturgi Txrobisas aqtiurad iyenebs nacnob formebs<br />

da struqturebs, aqcentebis gadaadgilebiT adgens<br />

axal sazriss, xedvis kuTxes, axal damokidebulebas;<br />

gulgrilia socrealisturi usaxo `Stiftik-arsebisadmi~<br />

_ ara mxolod aRniSnavs pirovnebis individualur<br />

interesebs, aramed ufro mniSvnelovans xdis maT da<br />

erTsaxovani, uformo sivrcidan aqcentiT gamoyofili<br />

adamianis RirebulebebiT mdidari samyaro idealis<br />

rangSi ahyavs.<br />

`jariskacis mamis~ mxatvruli qsovili gajerebulia<br />

kulturidan amozrdili metaforul-simboluri mniSvnelobebiT,<br />

arqetipuli saxeebiTa da motivebiT, romlebic<br />

nacnobi da amave dros gardaqmnili arsiT, sazrisisa<br />

da formis axal variaciebs warmoqmnian. maTgan<br />

wamyvani mniSvnelobisaa `gzis~ saxe-xati, simbolika. suliko<br />

JRenti mas, rogorc arqetips, miTologemas, nawar-<br />

90

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moebis substratad, mis materiad aqcevs, riTac, mTlianobaSi<br />

ganapirobebs filmis niSnobriv struqturas:<br />

sadac yoveli epizodi ganwyobilia simboluri ganzogadebisTvis,<br />

xolo saxe da detali konceptad yalibdeba...<br />

es filmi Zveli kulturuli gamocdilebis axali<br />

variaciaa, axali Sinaarsia.<br />

siuJetSi `gzis~ motivi organulad erwymis omis Tematikas<br />

da mTlian, ganuyofel formas warmoqmnis. aseT<br />

gzaze xSirad gamarjvebuli rkinis tankebi `daxrialeben~.<br />

Tumca, filmis gmiris jariskaculi cxovreba<br />

uCveuloa, aseTi gza ki _ arabunebrivi cocxali adamianisTvis...<br />

samarTlianad miuTiTeben erTobliv gamokvlevaSi<br />

irina kuWuxiZe da rusudan mircxulava, rom: `filmSi<br />

Txroba jariskacidan mamaze gadadis. filmis centraluri<br />

personaJia ara jariskaci, aramed misi mama,<br />

TiTqos erTiani uzarmazari lodisgan gamokveTili qar-<br />

Tveli mamakaci, romelic mSobliur sofels tovebs da<br />

Svils daeZebs omis sisxlian gzebze. Svili ki ar midis<br />

mamis kvalze, aramed, piriqiT, mama daeZebs Svilis `nafexurebs~.<br />

bolos sasikvdilod daWrili Svili mamis<br />

xelSi kvdeba da mama agrZelebs daRupuli Svilis<br />

saqmes.~<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, `jariskacis mamaSi~ asaxuli<br />

garemoebebi maxaraSvilis istorias im zRapruli gmiris<br />

Tavgadasavals amsgavsebs, romelic pirvelad gadis Tavisi<br />

nacnobi, Caketili samyarodan. `mamis Ziebis~ uZveles<br />

motivs, romlis mixedviT, ymawvili gmiri gadalaxavs<br />

mraval winaaRmdegobas da gamarjvebuli brundeba<br />

Sin, suliko JRenti siuJeturi dinamikis mamoZravebel<br />

muxtad aqcevs. `Svilis Ziebis~ Sebrunebul variantSi<br />

dramaturgi xeluxleblad tovebs garkveul sacnob<br />

elementebs: mamis xasiaTs igi amagrebs gulubryvilo,<br />

gamoucdeli, axlobel adamianTa mzrunvaSi myofi bavSvis<br />

tipze, romelsac warmodgenac ar aqvs misi soflis<br />

miRma arsebuli mkacri qveynierebis Sesaxeb. aseve sofelic,<br />

filmSi igi igivdeba samSoblos xatSi, esaa _ suf-<br />

Ta samyaro, Seuryvneli xalxiT. maTTvis didi movlenaa<br />

91

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giorgis gaSveba ucxo, saSiS realobaSi. SiSiTa da<br />

imediT miacileben Tavis msgavss, maT rCeuls, romelmac<br />

unda miaRwios Soreul punqtamde, sadRac, ruseTSi,<br />

cecxlSi gaxveul hospitlamde, raTa saamayo, omis gzebze<br />

tankiT mosiarule daWrili vaJiSvili moinaxulos.<br />

magram zRapris personaJis msgavsad, filmis gmirsac<br />

sxvadasxva gauTvaliswinebeli winaaRmdegoba xvdeba da<br />

iZulebulia gzajvaredinze arCevani gaakeTos: rogorc<br />

wesi, RirseulTa gza _ yvelaze rTulia. zRaparSi swored<br />

am gzas aweria - `saidanac Sin aRar brundebian!~<br />

maxaraSvili ki ar irCevs, bunebrivad mihyveba mas, radgan<br />

igi idealuri samyarodan modis da sxvagvarad arseboba<br />

arc SeuZlia!<br />

`gza~ ara mxolod filmis zogadi simboloa, aramed<br />

dramaturgiuli struqturis umciresi erTeulic, erTgvari<br />

geni, romelic dasawyisidan finalamde mudmivad<br />

meordeba da siuJetSi erTiandeba, rac aaSkaravebs,<br />

TvalsaCinos xdis simbolos Tavdapirveli arsis cvalebadobas,<br />

sruliad gardaqmnis konteqsts da sapirispiro<br />

SinaarsiT adgens. amgvarad, Txrobis jaWvSi gamoyofili<br />

patara-patara, calkeuli siuJeturi rgolebi organulad<br />

iSlebian kulturuli niSnis da Sinaarsis gar-<br />

Semo, romelTac, kontrastul, Seusabamo da konfliqturi<br />

sinamdvilis fonze mkafio, TviTkmari gamoxatva eZlevaT.<br />

am mcire motiv-erTeulebs sxvadasxva datvirTva<br />

gaaCniaT: Tu erT SemTxvevaSi isini aRniSnaven gmiris<br />

mier samyaros Secnobis axal etaps, an arqetipis gardaqmnas<br />

usvamen xazs, sxva dros, saWiro emociuri muxti<br />

da tonaloba SemoaqvT. Tumca, aseTi kadrebi, rogorc<br />

wesi, ar rCebian mxolod aRniSnuli funqciiT da simbolur<br />

ganzogadebas iZenen. aseTia, magaliTad, metaforul-plakatur<br />

formaSi gadawyvetili mZafrad emociuri<br />

epizodi, rodesac giorgi maxaraSvili, RamiT, saomrad<br />

mimaval tankebs uxvdeba da gamayruebel raxraxSi amaod<br />

cdilobs xma miawvdinos Svils sadRac, egeb marTlac<br />

rkinis javSnis SigniT myof goderZis. an, rodesac igi,<br />

gaxarebuli da ukiduresad bednieri, aCerebs frontze<br />

92

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mimavali manqanebis grZel rigs, raTa Svilis saxeli<br />

aso-aso waikiTxos kedelze da darwmundes, rom mis<br />

kvals sworad mihyveba.<br />

am periodSi samamulo omis Temaze Seqmnili filmebi,<br />

rogorc wesi, upirveles yovlisa, miznad isaxavdnen<br />

SeeqmnaT gmirobisa da Tavganwirulobis sanimuSo magaliTi,<br />

daexataT mgznebare bataliebi... amisgan gansxvavebiT,<br />

suliko JRenti warmogvidgens gmirs, romelsac<br />

omi ar surs, romelic zedmetia am omSi da brZolaSi<br />

SemTxveviT, sakuTari survilis gareSe xvdeba. magram<br />

swored igia filmis gmiri da ara misi idealuri, saamayo<br />

Svili _ leitenanti, tankisti. dramaturgis mizani<br />

naTlad ikveTeba: mas surs Seqmnas axali miTi omze _<br />

ubedurebaze, dasaxiCrebaze, sikvdilze, ngrevaze, Rirebulebebis<br />

ganadgurebaze... igi qmnis miTs adamianTa tragediaze<br />

da ara patriotul SemarTebaze, jariskacis<br />

mamaze, romelmac momavlis gadarCena ver SeZlo, mis<br />

tragediaze. amitom dramaturgi siuJetur rgolebs mi-<br />

Tologiur safuZvels uqmnis: Cven vxedavT, Tu rogor<br />

aqrobs maxaraSvili cecxlmokidebul puris yanas gacxarebul<br />

omSi, rogor evleba Tavs venaxs... miuxedavad<br />

imisa, rom mis qcevaSi situaciasTan erTgvari Seusabamobaa,<br />

CvenTvis, mayureblisTvis – gasagebia da aRtacebis<br />

momgvreli.<br />

folklori, miTi da arqetipi gansazRvravs suliko<br />

JRentis kinosiuJetis simbolur qargas: v. propi `jadosnuri<br />

zRapris morfologiSi~ siuJetis sawyis elementad<br />

ojaxis erT-erTi wevris Sinidan gamgzavrebas<br />

ganixilavs. filmic, rogorc aRvniSneT, analogiurad<br />

viTardeba. zRapruli gmiris Tavgadasavali grZeldeba<br />

siuJeturi rgoliT: `bevri iara Tu cota iara...~. Cven<br />

vcnobT am frazas ara mxolod kadrebis im CamonaTvaliT,<br />

rasac ekranze vxedavT: danjRreul sabargo manqanas,<br />

gadaWedili matareblis kibeze dakidebul xurjinian<br />

mgzavrebs, borans, cxenSebmul drogs, Saragzaze<br />

mimaval giorgi maxaraSvils, mis daRlas da wvalebas,<br />

ara mxolod gvecineba gmiris gulwrfel Civilze: `sna-<br />

93

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Cala maSina exal, exal... patom poezd toJe exal, exal,<br />

a patom loSad exal toJe~, aramed SevdivarT zRapris<br />

ganzomilebaSi. kinoTxrobaSi `gzis~ simbolika Tavis<br />

funqcias mainc asrulebs, miuxedavad imisa, XX saukunis<br />

ormociani wlebis Selaxuli transportiT mogzaurobs<br />

gmiri Tu fantastikuri saSualebebiT. misi svla erTgvarad<br />

Soreulad imeorebs miTologiur, Tu zRapris<br />

personaJTa qcevas da funqciebs. v. propis mixedviT,<br />

zRapris siuJetis ganviTarebis aucilebeli elementia<br />

personaJi _ `damxmare~, romelic jadosnuri sagnebiT,<br />

Tu sxva saSualebebiT exmareba gmirs Seqmnili winaaRmdegobebis<br />

daZlevaSi. misi funqciaa, agreTve, gmiris<br />

gadayvana cxramTasiqiTa, ucxo samyaroSi, `zesknelSi~<br />

Tu `qvesknelSi~. zRaprebSi `damxmare~ xSirad uangaro<br />

ar aris: faskunji, romelic gmirs miaqanebs, gadayvanis<br />

safasurad, yovel daCxavlebaze xorcs iTxovs. rogorc<br />

wesi, gmirs ar yofnis misTvis sagzali da ukanasknel<br />

lukmad, sakuTar sxeuls iWris. faskunji xvdeba da<br />

gadayvanis Semdeg, enis qveS gadamalul lukmas ukan<br />

ubrunebs. swored aseTi `damxmares~ realistur-sqematuri<br />

variaciaa ucnauri, ufexo matrosi-medroge, romelic<br />

maxaraSvils jer mosTxovs Tambaqos, xolo Semdeg,<br />

darcxvenili, ukan ubrunebs. aseve, `damxmare-msxverplis~<br />

funqciiT gamodis filmis TxrobaSi arkadi, romelic<br />

giorgi maxaraSvils `akrZalul~ teritoriaze<br />

gadasvlis gzas aswavlis da mis gadalaxvaSi exmareba,<br />

Tumca TviTon male iRupeba.<br />

zRapris msgavsad, `akrZalvisa~ da `akrZaluli, SemozRuduli<br />

teritoriis~ motivi filmis TxrobaSi mkafio<br />

gamoxatvas Rebu-lobs da gmiris xasiaTis gamokve-<br />

Tas emsaxureba. igi winaaRmdegobaSia gmiris intereseb-<br />

Tan, miznebTan da misi daZlevisas maxaraSvili emijneba<br />

socialistur `individ-Stiftiks~. gmiris sazrisi mniSvnelovnad<br />

da sapirispirodac ki icvleba: Cvens winaSea<br />

cocxali, mgrZnobiare pirovneba, romelic kanonmor-<br />

Cili da wesieria, Tumca, saerTo Tvalsazrisisgan damoukideblad<br />

icis ra surs, SeuZlia gadawyvitos da ar<br />

94

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daemorCilos akrZalvas, gacdes dadgenil `sazRvrebs~.<br />

igi baqanze gadaabijebs rkinis bariers demidovos<br />

mimarTulebiT mimavali matareblisken, rac simbolurad<br />

ganazogadebs gmiris qmedebas. misi qceva motivirebulia<br />

myari, maradiuli RirebulebebiT, romelic ufro<br />

masStabur daxasiaTebas iRebs, vidre `omis~, `mtris~ da<br />

Tundac `saxelmwifos~ cnebebia. niSandoblivia rusulis<br />

cudad mcodne giorgi maxaraSvilis gulubryvilo<br />

Jestikulacia, romliTac igi cdilobs, rogorme miaxvedros<br />

mis win xoxviT mimavali rusi nikolozs, rom<br />

sazRvris trafareti ipova. magram is, rac maxaraSvilis-<br />

Tvis sazRvris niSania, sayovelTaod, yvelasTvis –<br />

ginebis Jestia! ormagi aRniSvniT warmodgenili saxeebi<br />

filmSi reJisoris namdvil damokidebulebas amJRavneben.<br />

anu, sazRvris niSani `vot eta~, maxaraSvilis<br />

sityvebi `vot eta naSol!~ - mayureblisTvis vizualuri<br />

kalamburis sazrisSi gadadis.<br />

rac Seexeba idealis gmirul paToss, xalxis samsaxurSi<br />

yofnis moTxovnas – suliko JRenti damajerebel<br />

siuJetur safuZvels uqmnis, gamarTlebas, romelic<br />

yalb ritorikas realur zneobriv Rirebulebebad gardaqmnis.<br />

paradoqsuli faqtia, rom rac ufro individualuri<br />

TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva gmiri, rac ufro uCveulo<br />

konkretuli detalebiTaa aRWurvili, miT ufro<br />

farTo ganzogadebas iZens: giorgi maxaraSvilis zogadi<br />

fonisgan metad gansxvavebulma iersaxem, xasiaTma, qcevam,<br />

Rirebulebebma, Tu sakuTriv, personaJis sayovel-<br />

TaosTan aseve gamorCeulma sapirispiro mizanma gmiris<br />

gaucxoeba ki ar gamoiwvia, aramed msoflio masStabis<br />

ganzogadebas miaRwia – kolorituli gmiriT moxibluli<br />

sxvadsxva qveynisa da erovnebis mayurebeli saxierad<br />

daxatul kaxel glexSi mamas xedavda. Tumca, gmirs<br />

gansakuTrebul momxibvlelobas swored CvenTvis kargad<br />

cnobili ganumeurebeli iersaxe, qarTvelis RirebulebaTa<br />

sistema da sakuTari kulturisadmi da miznisadmi<br />

erTguleba aniWebda. anu, swored is Tavisebu-<br />

95

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ebebi, rac ganasxvavebda mas siuJetSi zogadi garemosgan,<br />

maTi miznebisa da Rirebulebebisgan.<br />

suliko JRenti `sxva samyaros~, axal garemocvas,<br />

gmirisadmi erTi SexedviT, keTilganwyobilad xatavs,<br />

magram mTeli es TiTqosda dadebiTad moazrebuli<br />

foni, sinamdvileSi, gmirs ki ar exmareba, piriqiT, xels<br />

uSlis, winaaRmdegobebis saxiT eRobeba win da sabolood<br />

kvanZis tragikul gaxsnamdec mihyavs. qaragmul<br />

sazriss iZens, am mxriv, `saaxalwlo safronto koncertis~<br />

epizodis kontrapunqti – samaresaviT gaTxril<br />

Tovlian sangrebSi CaxocilebiviT Cayrili, brZolisgan<br />

qancgawyvetili, jariskacebisTvis Catarebuli da specialurad<br />

mZinare maxaraSvilisTvis miZRvnili mgznebare<br />

maJoruli `lekuri~ kontrastulad Seusabamoa da<br />

kadrSi sapirispiro tonalobas amkvidrebs. dResaswaulis<br />

ganwyoba ver aRwevs maxaraSvilis sizmrebSi da<br />

ukeTesicaa, rom Zils ver ufrTxobs...<br />

amgvarad dalagebuli Txrobidan gamomdinare, or-<br />

Wofuli kaTarzisi mayurebels fiqrs aRuZravs, eWvqveS<br />

ayenebs, aneitralebs da azrs ukargavs gamarjvebis miRwevis<br />

sixaruls. da mayurebeli finaluri kvanZis gaxsnaSi<br />

– farajamokidebuli, ukve inerciiT mimavali gmiri<br />

jariskacis saxiT xedavs ara saamayo `tankistis~ mamas,<br />

aramed uunaro msxverpls _ ganadgurebul, individualobadakargul<br />

jariskacs, romelic sakuTar ojaxSi,<br />

sakuTar venaxTan dabrunebas aRar Cqarobs, romelic<br />

gaurbis simarTlis aRiarebis pasuxismgeblobas – ar ZaluZs<br />

saSineli sinamdvilis gamxela Svilis dedisTvis...<br />

da bolos, romelsac, aseTi realobis gamo, aranairi<br />

zogadsakacobrio Rirebuleba ukve aRarafrad uRirs.<br />

man aRar icis risTvisRa arsebobs, risTvis gamoiara es<br />

jojoxeTuri gza, risTvis ioma. momavalTan kavSiri<br />

ukve aRar arsebobs, bunebrivi cikli wydeba...<br />

giorgi maxaraSvilis `miamiti, kolorituli qarTvelis~<br />

niRabi, rogorc ekranuli Txrobis konceptualuri<br />

saxe-figura, 60-70-iani wlebis qarTul kinoSi ganvi-<br />

Tarebis dinamikas iZens da sxvadasxva transformaciebis<br />

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saxiT e.w. `qarTuli kinos fenomenis~ kodis erT-erT<br />

mamoZravebel elementad warmogvidgeba. masSi igulisxmeba<br />

Rirseuli, keTilganwyobili, tradiciul faseulobebze<br />

myarad mdgari qarTveli, Tumca erTgvarad<br />

Seusabamo, saerTo garemosTvis aratipiuri, mkafiod<br />

kolorituli, Taviseburi da Rimilis momgvreli...<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />

1. irina kuWuxiZe, rusudan mircxulava. `arqetipuli variaciebi<br />

qarTul kinoSi~. TeatrmcodneobiTi da kinomcodneobiTi<br />

Ziebani #49 (23), 2005. gv. 169.<br />

2. `tanki~, `tankisti~, socrelizmis mxatvruli cneba-figurebia,<br />

Stampebi, romlebic ganadideben sabWoTa saxelmwifos<br />

uZlevelobas. am SemTxvevaSi, suliko JRenti gamoxatavs<br />

sapirispiro Tvalsazriss, kiTxvis qveS ayenebs am<br />

RirebulebaTa marTebulobas.<br />

Lia Kalandarishvili<br />

Culture as symbolically layer of narration.<br />

Once again about ,, The father of a soldier’’<br />

Summary<br />

In dramatic art of Suliko Jgenti, significant role plays layer of culture,<br />

arkhitips, mithologemes. The playwrighter enters them into new<br />

conditions where he creates humour incompatibility between them… But<br />

the spectator feels a height and immortality of this overestimated culture<br />

97

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xelovnebaTmcodneoba<br />

maia WiWileiSvili<br />

sxalTis mxatvrobis ideuri<br />

gadawyvetis erTi aspeqti<br />

(abuserisZe tbelis memkvidreobisa da<br />

sxalTis mxatvrobis urTierTmimarTeba)<br />

urTierTmimarTeba<br />

Sua saukuneebSi taZrebis freskebiT Semkoba damkve-<br />

Tis - saero Tu saeklesio pirebisa da mxatvarTa amqris<br />

TanamSromlobis princips efuZneboda. qtitorTa moTxovnebisa<br />

da ideis xorcSesxmis saWiro formebis Zieba<br />

ki epoqisa da stilis Sesabamisi ferweruli ansamblis<br />

Seqmnas ganapirobebda.<br />

sxalTis darbazuli eklesiis mxatvroba ikonografiuli<br />

da mxatvrul-stilisturi niSnebiT ukavSirdeba<br />

XIV-XV ss.-is mijnis nimuSebs. igi saintereso masalas<br />

gvaZlevs saqarTveloSi paleologosTa xelovnebis ganviTarebisa<br />

da Taviseburebebis gamosavlenad.<br />

istoriuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, sxalTis eklesiis<br />

freskebiT Semkoba, iseve rogorc misi ageba XIII s.-is<br />

98

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Sua xanebSi, abuserisZeTa sagvareulos warmomadgenlebs<br />

ukavSirdeba.Aaqedan gamomdinare ki, bunebrivia,<br />

rom qtitorebi sxalTis eklesiis moxatulobis ikonografiul-Teologiuri<br />

programis Sedgenisas uTuod<br />

gaiTvaliswinebdnen TavianTi didi winapris, XIII s-is<br />

moRvawisa da moazrovnis - abuserisZe tbelis Sexedulebebsac.<br />

winamdebare naSromSi ganxilulia sxalTis<br />

moxatulobis iduri gadawyvetis is aspeqtebi, romleb-<br />

Sic abuserisZe tbelis memkvidreobisa da sxalTis<br />

mxatvrobis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebi vlindeba.<br />

cnobilia, rom eklesiis moxatulobis programa garkveuli<br />

Teologiuri ideis gamosaxvas emsaxureba. Ziri-<br />

Tadi idea mxatvrobis sistemaSi ierarqiuli principiT<br />

aqcentirebuli siuJetebis urTierTmonacvleobasa da<br />

maT Soris arsebul azrobriv kavSirSi warmoCndeba.<br />

darbazuli tipis eklesiebSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />

sakurTxevlis moxatulobis programas eniWeba,<br />

radgan swored afsidSi Tavsdeba ZiriTadi ideisa da<br />

Temebis ganmsazRvreli kompoziciebi.<br />

sxalTis sakurTxevlis konqSi gamosaxuli „vedrebaxilva“<br />

(„deisusi“) taxtze mjdomare macxovris, RvTismSoblisa<br />

da ioane naTlismcemlis mavedrebelTa figurebiT,<br />

misteriuli elementebiTa da samgzis samebis<br />

locviT xsnisa da meoxebis ideasTan erTad, uflis gamocxadebis,<br />

didebisa da meored mosvlis ideas warmoa-<br />

Cens (1). esqatologiur motivs aZlierebs afsidis kedlis<br />

pirvel registrSi warmodgenili muxlmodrekili<br />

angelozTa dasic, romlebic ioane RvTismetyvelis sityvebis<br />

Tanaxmad gamoxataven uflis didebas (gamocxadeba<br />

7, 11-12) da gaiazrebian rogorc konqis da, aseve,<br />

dasavleT kedelze gamosaxuli „dRe gankiTxvis“ kompoziciis<br />

Semadgeneli nawili. afsidis kedelze warmodgenili<br />

wamebulTa naxevarfigurebis registriTa da „ziarebis“<br />

sceniT sxalTis sakurTxevlis mxatvrobaSi,<br />

aseve, cxaddeba msxverplis Tema, rac xazs usvams xsnis<br />

dogmatis gardauvalobasa da mniSvnelobas.<br />

99

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amdenad, sxalTis sakurTxevlis moxatulobis programaSi<br />

cxadad ikveTeba Teofanur-esqatologiuri ideis<br />

upiratesoba, Tumca TvalsaCinoa uflis triumfis,<br />

msxverplisa da xsnis Temebis aqcentirebac.<br />

sakurTxevelSi gacxadebuli Temebis ideur gaRrmavebas<br />

emsaxureba moxatulobis „zeciur zonaSi“, dasavleT-aRmosavleTis<br />

RerZze ganlagebuli da sagangebod<br />

gamorCeuli kompoziciebic: „xareba“, „feriscvaleba“,<br />

„qristes amaRleba“ da „suliwmindis mofena“. „xareba“<br />

amqveynad macxovris movlinebisa da misi mesianuri misiis<br />

uwyebis, uflis gankacebis dogmis gamomxatveli<br />

scenaa. Tumca „vedrebis“ kompoziciasTan mimarTebaSi<br />

mas uflis didebisa da xsnis mniSvnelobac ekisreba,<br />

rac kargad Cans „xarebis“ dResaswaulisadmi miZRvnil<br />

sagalobelTa teqstebSi (2). „feriscvaleba“ uSualod<br />

exmianeba „vedreba-xilvas“, radgan, saxarebis Tanaxmad,<br />

igi gaiazreba viTarca uflis Teofanuri gamocxadeba<br />

(maTe 17,5 ). „qristes amaRlebis“ scena adreqristianuli<br />

xanidanve macxovris didebisa da qristianobis gamarjvebis<br />

gamomxatvelia, Tumca, rogorc „mociqulTa saqmeebis“<br />

teqstidan Cans, „amaRleba“ erTdroulad aris uflis<br />

zeciur sasufevelSi ukudabruneba da aRTqma meored<br />

mosvlis Sesaxeb. sxalTaSi gamosaxuli „suliwmindis<br />

mofenis“ scenac gaazrebulia meored mosvlis<br />

ideasTan kavSirSi. „suliwmindis mofenis“ sagaloblebi<br />

Seicaven pirdapir miniSnebas uflis meored mosvlisa<br />

da sulTa Sendobis Sesaxeb (3). amasTanve, mociqulebze<br />

suliwmindis gardamosvla garkveulad gulisxmobs, rom<br />

maT ukve gavlili aqvT is gza, romelsac TiToeuli<br />

adamiani gaivlis uflis meored mosvlis Jams. aqedan<br />

gamomdinare ki isini uflebamosilebi arian daeswron<br />

saSinel samsjavros. sxalTis „suliwmindis mofenis“<br />

kompoziciaSi hetimasiis motivis CarTva da mociqulTa<br />

figurebis cecxlovani enebis gareSe gamosaxva „dRe<br />

gankiTxvis“ kompoziciasTan uSualo kavSirs gamoxatavs,<br />

radgan am SemTxvevaSi mociqulebi gaiazrebian, rogorc<br />

„dRe gankiTxvis“ scenis Semadgeneli nawili. sxalTis<br />

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kompoziciis msgavsad esqatologiur Sinaarss iZens es<br />

scena varZiis ananauris eklesiis ekvderis moxatulobaSi<br />

(XIII s-is pirveli naxevari), aWis (XIII s-is meore<br />

naxevari), ubisis (XIV s.), vejinis (XVII s.) mxatvrobaSi<br />

da sxv.<br />

sxalTis moxatulobis ZiriTadi - Teofanur-esqatologiuri<br />

idea logikur dasasruls „dRe gankiTxvis“<br />

kompoziciaSi povebs. saSineli samsjavros vrceli da<br />

naratiuli suraTi samyaros aRsasrulis molodiniT<br />

msWvalavs sxalTis ferwerul ansambls. TiTqmis yvelgan,<br />

sakurTxevlisaken, zecisa Tu dasavleTi gasasvlelisaken<br />

mimarTuli mlocvelis Tvalwin meored mosvlis<br />

momaswavebeli misteria iSleba. esqatologiuri<br />

ideis dominanti ganapirobebs sxalTaSi „dRe gankiTxvis“<br />

kompoziciis TiTqmis sruli ikonografiuli redaqciiT<br />

gamosaxvas. es triumfaluri scena - qomagTa figurebiT,<br />

feradi SaravandebiT mosili uTvalavi angelozTa<br />

dasiT, mociqulebiT, eklesiis msaxurTa da mar-<br />

TalTa jgufebiT garemoculi macxovris didebas gamoxatavs.<br />

meored mosvla aq uflis samaradiso didebis<br />

mniSvnelobiT gaiazreba. amave dros, sarkmelSi warmodgenili<br />

cis gragnilad daxvevis epizodi da mesayvire<br />

angelozTa figurebi xazs usvamen samsjavros Temasac,<br />

romlis Semdegac mkvidrdeba adamianTa samaradiso<br />

misagebeli, marTalTa netareba da codvilTa<br />

tanjva (4). sxalTis eklesiis dasavleT timpanSi xelmeored<br />

warmodgenili „vedreba-xilva“ ki kvlav wina<br />

planze wamoswevs – qomagobis, Sendobisa da xsnis<br />

ideas, radgan „vedreba“ erTdroulad ganasaxierebs<br />

mkvdreTiT aRmdgari, meored movlinebuli pantokratorisadmi<br />

meoxebis, codvaTa saboloo mitevebis<br />

locvas da Teofanuri xilvis arsebebiT garemoculi<br />

macxovris didebas (5).<br />

Tu sxalTis kamaris moxatulobis zeda registris<br />

kompoziciebi saswaulebis misterias gamoxatavs, qveda<br />

rigis scenebi qristes miwier cxovrebas asaxavs da<br />

taZarSi gacxadebuli qristianuli mrwamsis calkeul<br />

101

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aspeqtebs warmoaCens. MmagaliTad, „mirqmis“, kompozicia,<br />

umTavresad, RvTis gamoCinebisa da msxverplis ideas<br />

gamoxatavs, aseve, uflis gamoCinebis dogmis gamomxatvelia<br />

„naTlisRebac“. vnebis ciklis scenebi TanmimdevrobiT<br />

gadmoscemen vnebis kviris sakiTxavebSi gacxadebuli<br />

msxverplis mniSvnelobas. aRdgomis dogmatis<br />

gamosaxvas emsaxurebian „jojoxeTad STasvlisa“ da<br />

„jojoxeTis warmotyvevnis“ kompoziciebi da sxv.<br />

qristianuli dogmebis calkeuli TemebiTa da aspeqtebiT<br />

aRsavse sadResaswaulo ciklis scenebi, iseve<br />

rogorc sadResaswaulo sagaloblebi da liturgiuli<br />

sakiTxavebi, Tavisi arsiT araerTmniSvnelovania. erTmaneTisagan<br />

gamomdinare dogmatebi ki uflis movlinebisa<br />

da misiis WeSmaritebas ganmartaven da polifoniuri<br />

wyobiT warmoaCenen qristianuli mrwamsis ideebs. am<br />

mravalferovnebis fonze cxadia, rom sxalTis mxatvrobis<br />

ZiriTadi idea saerTo principiT gaerTianebuli<br />

Temebisa da dResaswaulebis xazgasmiT ganisazRvreba.<br />

sxalTis moxatulobis sakurTxevlis afsidSi da kamaris<br />

„zeciur zonaSi“ subordinaciis principiT warmodenil<br />

kompoziciebSi Tanmimdevrulad cxaddeba xsnisa da<br />

Teofaniis („vedreba-xilva“), uflis gamoCinebis („xareba“),<br />

RvTaebrivi bunebis warmoCenis („feriscvaleba“),<br />

aRdgomis Semdgomi triumfis („amaRleba“, „suliwmindis<br />

mofena“) Temebi, romlebic uflis gamocxadeba - meored<br />

mosvlis ideiT erTiandebian.<br />

garda am konteqstebisa, sxalTis moxatulobis sistemaSi<br />

ikveTeba sxva qveTemebic. RvTismSoblis Tema<br />

laitmotivad gasdevs taZris Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi<br />

warmodgenil scenebsa da wmindanebs. SemTxveviTi<br />

ar aris CrdiloeTi kedlis aRmosavleTiT „miZinebis“<br />

scenis, xolo kamaris sabjen TaRze _ iakob patriarqis<br />

gamosaxva. iakobis saidumlo kibis simboluri mniSvneloba<br />

xom zecisa da miwis damakavSirebeli RvTismSobelisa<br />

da misi SualobiT RvTis gamoCinebis aRTqmaSi<br />

mdgomareobs (7).<br />

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taZris dasavleT nawilSi Tavmoyrili „qristes Sobis“,<br />

„CvilTa mowyvetisa“ da ioane naTlismcemlis bav-<br />

Svobis scenebiT sxalTis moxatulobis programaSi<br />

kvlav warmoCndeba uflis gankacebis Tema. wminda werilebis<br />

Tanaxmad, naTlismcemeli auwyebs xalxs mesiis<br />

gamoCenas da gzas umzadebs mas (7). amave dros, uZvelesi<br />

iadgaris ioane naTlismcemlisadmi mimarTul sagaloblebSi<br />

igi codvaTa mimtevebeli da qomagia (8). sayovel-<br />

Taod gavrcelebuli azris Tanaxmad, XIII s-is moRvawis<br />

– abuserisZe tbelis TxzulebaSi „galobani samTa iovaneTani“,<br />

romelic winamorbeds, ioane RvTismetyvelsa da<br />

ioane oqropirs eZRvneba naTlismcemeli warmosaxulia<br />

rogorc „sjulisa wesTa dasavals Sina madliTa aRmosavliT<br />

aRmobrwyinebuli mze“ – e. i. ori samyaros gzajvaredinze<br />

mdgomi wmindani, romelic amTavrebs sjulis<br />

Zvel aRTqmas da iwyebs axals „dasabams madlisa“.<br />

Tavad saxeli iovane, rac berZnulad „RvTis madls“,<br />

RvTis wyalobas niSnavs da mas uflis CagonebiT Seerqva,<br />

naTlad mianiSnebs winamorbedis adgilsa da rols<br />

„xsnis“ misteriaSi (9).<br />

amrigad, sxalTis mxatvrobis Teologiuri programis<br />

ganxilva da calkeuli aspeqtebis warmoCena cxadyofs,<br />

rom moxatulobis sistemaSi sagangebod SerCeuli<br />

yvela elementi garkveuli ideuri arsis matarebelia<br />

da tradiciuli Temebis mwyobri sistemiT gamosaxvis<br />

princips emyareba. xsnisa da uflis gamocxadeba – meored<br />

mosvlis idea, gankacebis, msxverplis, aRdgomisa da<br />

uflis triumfis gamomxatveli dogmatebi, RvTismSoblisa<br />

da ioane naTlismcemlis meoxebis Temebi gansaz-<br />

Rvraven sxalTis mxatvrobis Teologiuri programis<br />

mravalferovnebasa da polifoniur JReradobas.<br />

marTlmadidebluri mrwamsis dogmatebis Tanmimdevrul<br />

warmoCenasTan erTad, sxalTis moxatulobaSi aSkarad<br />

ikveTeba Teofanur-esqatologiuri ideisa da xsnis<br />

ideis upiratesoba, rac aRniSnuli periodis sazogadoebriv<br />

azrovnebaSi gabatonebuli Sexedulebebis erTgvari<br />

gamoxatuleba unda iyos. Eesqatologiuri ideis xaz-<br />

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gasmiT sxalTis moxatuloba warmoaCens ara marto XIV-<br />

XV ss.-is qarTuli ferweris nimuSebisaTvis saerTo suliskveTebas,<br />

aramed am kuTxis sulieri Svilis – abuserisZe<br />

tbelis memkvidreobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Sexedulebebsac.<br />

Sexeduleba samyaros aRsasrulis Sesaxeb<br />

Cans tbelis TxzulebaSi „qoronikoni sruli misiTa<br />

sauwyebliTa da gangebiTa“. 10 SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom<br />

sxalTis moxatulobis programa aris tbelis Txzulebis<br />

- „axalni saswaulni wminda giorgisani“ Sesavali<br />

nawilis vizualuri da naratiuli suraTi, romelic aRsavsea<br />

mrwamsis dogmatebisa da wmindanebis meoxebis<br />

rwmeniT. sxalTis moxatulobaSi TvalsaCinod warmoCndeba<br />

tbelis sityvebis mniSvneloba: mamisagan suliwmindis<br />

meSveobiT macxovris gankaceba, kacTaTvis vneba,<br />

aRdgoma ukvdavebis mosaniWeblad da eSmakis daTrgunva.<br />

angelozebis, Zveli da axali aRTqmis wmindanebis – mamamTavrebis,<br />

winaswarmetyvelebis, mociqulebis, mRvdelmTavrebis,<br />

wm. mowameebis CvenTa meoxebad ganCineba, romelTa<br />

Soris gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia RvTismSoblisa<br />

da ioane naTlismcemlis qomagobis misia (11). abuserisZe<br />

tbelis TxzulebaSi „qoronikoni sruli misiTa<br />

sauwyebliTa da gangebiTa“ aseve yuradRebas iqcevs<br />

fraza imis Sesaxeb, rom meored mosvla qveynis gaCenidan<br />

Svidi aTasi wlis gansrulebis Semdeg unda moxdes.<br />

tbelis rwmeniT, qveynis aRsasruli dadgeba ara zustad<br />

XIV moqcevis qoronikonis 84 wlis gasvlisas, aramed<br />

„Jamsa, romelsa ara vhqonebdeT“, e. i. nebismier dros,<br />

romelic SesaZloa SvidiaTas wels ar gadascdes (12).<br />

qristianul azrovnebasa da doqtrinaSi gabatonebuli<br />

rwmena imisa, rom Svidi aTasi wlis Semdeg samyaros<br />

aRsasruli dadgeboda, qarTul mwerlobaSic drodadro<br />

iCenda Tavs eqvTime aTonelis (XI s.), efrem mciris<br />

(XI s.), arsen vaCesZis, ioane WimWimelis (XII s.) SemoqmedebaSi,<br />

kerZod, maT mier Targmnil TxzulebebSi (13).<br />

k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, rom es rwmena „cxovrebis mamoZravebel<br />

Zalad da erT-erT cocxal motivad XIII s-dan iqceva,<br />

rodesac CvenSi gamoCndnen am rwmenis Segnebuli<br />

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ideologebi“ da mas, pirvel rigSi, mxedvelobaSi hyavda<br />

abuserisZe tbeli. aseTive azria gatarebuli tbelis<br />

Tanamedrove wyarosTavis (ubisis) saxarebis gadamweris<br />

sabas iambikoSi (XIII s.), romelSic meored mosvlis<br />

suraTia gadmocemuli. avtoris sityvebiT dRe gankiTxva<br />

moxdeba maSin, rodesac RmerTi SvidiaTaseuls „aarevinebs“,<br />

e. i. merve aTaswleulis mijnasTan miiyvans. maRali<br />

feodalur-ierarqiuli fenis warmomadgenlis – abuserisZe<br />

tbelisa da ubralo mokvdavi mwignobris – sabas<br />

sityvebSi k. kekeliZe aRniSnuli epoqis sazogadoebis<br />

mistikur-melanqoliur rwmenasa da msoflmxedvelobas<br />

xedavs. pesimisturi ganwyobileba gansakuTrebuli<br />

ZaliT vlindeba XIII s-dan istoriuli Znelbedobis<br />

Jams, radgan mtris (monRolebis, xvarazmelebis) TavdasxmebiT<br />

SeZrwunebuli qarTveli xalxi qveynis aRsasrulze<br />

fiqrobs da ocnebobs meored mosvlaze, romlis<br />

Semdgomac damkvidrdeba „daulevneli cxoreba“, bolo<br />

moeReba tanjvas da damyardeba simarTle. XIV s-is<br />

istorikosi „JamTaaRmwerelic“ winaswarmetyvel esaias<br />

sityvebiT (13,6-9) ambobs, rom moaxlovda dRe uflisa,<br />

romelic movals ukurnebeli risxviT codvilTa warsawymedad,<br />

da dasZens, rom am ubedurebis mizezi Cveni<br />

usjuloeba da codvebia „da gagrZelda oÃreba da mospolva<br />

queyanisa simravlisaTÂs usjuloebaTa CuenTasa.“<br />

14 jojoxeTis SiSi SeigrZnoba qoberis monastris<br />

erT-erT saflavis qvaze SemorCenil epitafiaSi da sxv.<br />

es epoqiseuli suliskveTeba, meored mosvlisa da<br />

samaradiso sasufevlis dadgomis molodini msWvalavs<br />

XIV-XV ss.-is qarTuli kedlis mxatvrobis Zeglebsac,<br />

esqatologiuri ideiTaa aRsavse aWis (XIII s.), laRamis<br />

macxovris zeda eklesiis, svifis jgragis, BenaSis, ubisis,<br />

safaris wm. sabas, Wules, xobis ekvderis (XIV s.) da<br />

sxv. moxatulobani (15). sxalTis moxatulobac Tavisi<br />

ideuri gadawyvetiT exmianeba epoqis im saerTo pesimistur<br />

ganwyobilebas, romelsac am drois qarTvelTa<br />

cxovrebaSi daesadgurebina. sxalTis ferwerul ansamblSi<br />

gamoxatuli Teologiuri Sexedulebebis ideuri<br />

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gadawyvetis safuZvelsac, rogorc Cans, saerTo epoqiseuli<br />

suliskveTeba, qtitorTa moTxovnebi da abuserisZe<br />

tbelis memkvidreoba gansazRvravda.<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />

1. labarumze gamosaxuli samwmindaobis galoba „wm. ars, wm.<br />

ars (ufali sabaoT ... )“ erTmniSvnelovnad mianiSnebs<br />

scenis esqatologiur arss da gamoxatavs kavSirs ioane<br />

oqropiris ziarebis saidumloebis liturgiasTan. – ix:<br />

Протоиерей Cерафим Слободский, Законъ Божий, США, 1987, с. 656<br />

2. uZvelesi iadgari, el. metrevelis, c. Wankievis, l. xevsurianis<br />

gamocema, Tbilisi, 1980,gv. 9.<br />

3. „...ufalo Seiwire saxsenebeli SesuenebulTaÁ da miec maT<br />

gansuenebaÁ, romelni moelian RmrTeebiT meored mosvlasa<br />

Sensa“. _ uZvelesi iadgari, gv. 330-331.<br />

4. xsnisa da krulvis gzagasayaris gamijvna xdeba ara marto<br />

SinaarsiT, aramed koloritiTac da amitom samoTxe<br />

gamoisaxeba Ria, xolo jojoxeTi ufro muqi feradovani<br />

gamiT.<br />

5. efrem asuri, sityva uflis mosvlisaTvis, soflis aRsasrulisa<br />

antiqristes gamoCenisaTvis, “sityva marTlisa<br />

sarwmunoebisa”, III, Tb., 1991, gv. 76-84.<br />

6. Протоиерей Серафим Слободский, Законь Божий , с. 163-165.<br />

7. naTlismcemlis misia zaqariasadmi angelozis mier warmoTqmul<br />

sityvebSi cxaddeba: „mravali gaixarebs misi SobiT.<br />

vinaidan didi iqneba is uflis winaSe, suliwmindiT<br />

aRivseba dedis muclidanve. mraval israelians moaqcevs<br />

uflisaken - maTi RvTisaken“. - ix: luka 1, 14- 17; maTe 1,5-<br />

25; markozi 1,3; ioane 1, 23; esaia - 40,3; malaqia - 4,6.<br />

8. „Sobisa winamorbedisa qristes mimarT vRaRadebT, raTaÁ<br />

meoxebiTa misiTa motevebaÁ codvaTaÁ moguaniWos Cuen<br />

viTarca mxoloman mravalmowyaleman“ (ufalo RaRatyavsa,<br />

3-5). – ix: uZvelesi iadgari, gv. 251.<br />

9. r. xalvaSi, tbel abuserisZis wminda giorgis saswaulTa<br />

saxismetyvelebisaTvis, “jvari vazisa”, Tb., 1998, 1, gv. 105-<br />

108.<br />

10. tbelis traqtatSi ganmartebulia e. w. “asuruli kÂinklosi”@<br />

anu 523 wliani “didi indiqtioni”. es aris berZnuli<br />

da qarTuli welTaRricxvis da pasqaluri sistemebis<br />

cdomilebis Sefardebisa da SeTanxmebis cda. – ix.: k.<br />

kekeliZe^ Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, Tb., ^<br />

1980,^ gv. 330-331.<br />

106

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11. abuserisZe tbeli, Txzulebani, n. goguaZis, m. qavTarias,<br />

r. Caganavas redaqciiT, baTumi, 1998, gv. 58.<br />

12. tbelis azriT personaluri “kacad kacadisi”@ aRsasruli<br />

yovel wamsaa mosalodneli, ^xolo zogadi, kosmiuri ar<br />

gadascildeba SvidiaTas wels. tbelis TxzulebaSi miTi-<br />

Tebuli qoronikonis mixedviT qveynis aRsasruli 1396<br />

wels ar unda gascileboda. amave dros,^ sainteresoa,<br />

rom pasqaluri kalendrisa da aRdgomis gamoTvlis<br />

“cxrili”@ sagrZnoblad Sordeba mis mier Tavidanve dawesebul<br />

CarCoebs, kerZod 7000 wels,^ rac realobidan<br />

ricxvebis abstraqtul samyaroSi warmoebul moqmedebaTa<br />

miRwevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. _ ix.: k. kekeliZe,^ esqatologiuri<br />

motivebi Zvel qarTul mwerlobasa da cxovrebaSi,^<br />

<strong>etiudebi</strong> Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan,<br />

IV,^Tb., 1957,^gv. 106; abuserisZe tebli,^ Txzulebani,^gv. 49,<br />

289.; k. kekeliZe,^ Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, ^<br />

gv. 330-331.<br />

13. eqvTime aTonelma, xolo Semdeg efrem mcirem gadmoaqar-<br />

Tules grigol RvTismetyvelis “Tqmuli dRisa misTÂis<br />

meergasisa, romel ars martviliaÁ”. efrem mcirem da<br />

arsen vaCesZem ioane damaskelis “gardmocemaÁ ucilobeli<br />

marTlmadidebelTa sarwmunoebisaÁ”. ioane WimWimels<br />

ekuTvnis mitrofane smirnelis “Targmanebai eklesiastisai”@da<br />

Teofane bulRarelis “maTes saxarebis TargmanebaÁ”.<br />

_ ix.: k. kekeliZe,^ esqatologiuri motivebi Zvel<br />

qarTul mwerlobasa da cxovrebaSi, gv. 105-106.<br />

14. k. kekeliZe, esqatologiuri motivebi ..., gv. 108; e. TayaiSvili,<br />

qarTlis cxovreba, mariam dedoflis varianti, “qarTlis<br />

cxovreba”, II, Tb., 1959, gv. 188, 591, 593; i. lorTqifaniZe,<br />

paleologosTa xelovneba da qarTuli monumenturi<br />

ferwera, “xelovneba”, 5, Tb., 1990, gv. 80-89.<br />

15. m. yenia, “esqatologiuri motivebis” Sesaxeb XIV saukunis<br />

saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSi, “literatura da xelovneba”,<br />

2. Tb., 1990, gv. 125-166.<br />

107

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Maia Chichileishvili<br />

One Aspect of the Ideological Resolution of Skhalta Painting<br />

(Interrelation between the Legacy of Abuserisdze Tbeli and Skhalta<br />

Painting)<br />

Summary<br />

According to the iconographic and artistic-stylistic features the<br />

painting of the Skhalta hall-type church is connected to the samples of the<br />

turn of the 14 th -15 th centuries. It provides interesting material for<br />

revealing the development and peculiarities of the Palaeologos art in<br />

Georgia.<br />

According to the historical data the decoration of the Skhalta<br />

monastery with frescos as well as its construction in the mid 13 th century<br />

is linked with the Adjarian nobility – the representatives of the<br />

Abuserisdze patrimony. Hence it becomes clear that while compiling the<br />

iconographic and theological program of the Skhalta painting architects<br />

regarded the opinions of their great ancestor – Abuserisdze Tbeli, the<br />

famous 13 th -century public figure and thinker.<br />

Together with the doctrines of the orthodox creed the Skhalta<br />

painting reveals the priority of the theophanic, eschatological and<br />

salvation ideas. It is the reflection of the dominant social outlook of the<br />

period (14 th -15 th cc). By highlighting the eschatological idea the Skhalta<br />

painting reveals not only the general aspiration characteristic of the<br />

Georgian painting of the given period but the opinions characteristic of<br />

the legacy of Abuserisdze Tbeli, the spiritual son of this region. The<br />

program of the Skhalta church painting is to a certain extent a visual<br />

picture of the introduction to the Tbeli’s work “Miracles of St George, the<br />

Martyr” (“New Miracles of St George”).<br />

The basis of the theological program of the Skhalta ensemble was<br />

determined by the general epochal aspiration, architects demands and the<br />

legacy of Abuserisdze Tbeli.<br />

108

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ati CiburdaniZe<br />

portretuli saxeebi vaxtang<br />

beselias mxatvrobaSi<br />

vaxtang beselia Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis<br />

erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenelia. SemoqmedebiTi<br />

moRvaweoba man 1970-iani wlebidan daiwyo, roca saxviT<br />

xelovnebaSi mimdinareobda mxatvruli formisa da sivrcis<br />

plastikuri interpretaciis, suraTis kompoziciuri<br />

struqturis, wminda ferweruli, koloristuli sawyisebis<br />

individualuri gaazrebis intensiuri procesi.<br />

v. beselias xelovneba inteleqtualuria, gamsWvalulia<br />

sulismieri sawyisebis aSkara primatiT. igi xasiaTdeba<br />

lakoniuri metyvelebiT, formisa da Sinaarsis harmoniiT,<br />

ferwerulobisa da plastikurobis erTianobiT,<br />

rac ostatis mxatvruli xedvisa da SesaZleblobebis<br />

mTlianobas adasturebs.<br />

niSandoblivia, rom v. beselias stilistur-esTetikuri<br />

mrwamsi TvalnaTliv mianiSnebs xelovanis kavSirs<br />

Sua saukuneebis qarTul monumentur mxatvrobasTan,<br />

rac, uwinares yovlisa, ganpirobebulia Semoqmedebis<br />

zogadi principebiT _ gamomsaxvelobiTi enis lakoniurobiT,<br />

suraTis naTlad gamovlenili arqiteqtonikiT<br />

Tu daxvewili, TavSekavebuli koloritiT. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia<br />

misi Sinagani siaxlove dasavleTevropul ferwerasTan,<br />

rasac amJRavnebs mxatvruli formis ganzogadeba,<br />

faqturulobis da sagnobriobis SegrZneba; XX<br />

saukunis klasikosTa memkvidreobis SemoqmedebiTi aTviseba<br />

xelovanis nawarmoebebs maRalmxatvrul dones<br />

da Tanamedrove xasiaTs aniWebs.<br />

vaxtang (beso) beselia daibada senakSi, 1945 wels.<br />

1959-64 ww. swavlobda Tbilisis i. nikolaZis saxelobis<br />

samxatvro saswavlebelSi. 1964-70-iani wlebi samxatvro<br />

109

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akademiaSi swavlis periodia. f. lapiaSvilis saxelosnos<br />

SemoqmedebiTma atmosferom, sadac v. beseliasTan<br />

erTad swavlobdnen SemdgomSi qarTuli scenografiis<br />

cnobili moRvaweni _ u. imerliSvili, m. SveliZe, i. gegeSiZe<br />

_ urTierTobebma ufrosi Taobis iseT Tvalsa-<br />

Cino warmomadgenlebTan, rogorebicaa g. gunia, g. aleqsi-mesxiSvili,<br />

d. erisTavi da sxv. xeli Seuwyo axalgazrda<br />

mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi Tu pirovnuli msoflmxedvelobis<br />

Camoyalibebas. 1974 w. v. beselia sacxovreblad<br />

baTumSi gadadis, sadac eweva aqtiur SemoqmedebiT<br />

da pedagogiur muSaobas.<br />

mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia<br />

portrets, Tumca igi nayofierad muSaobs naturmortis<br />

da peizaJis JanrSic, moRvaweobs Teatralur-dekoraciul<br />

mxatvrobaSi.<br />

adamianis Sinagani samyaros, misi sulieri yofis<br />

faqiz niuansTa Secnoba v. beselias SemoqmedebiTi interesebis<br />

umTavres amocanas warmoadgens. mxatvars Seswevs<br />

gansakuTrebuli unari modelis analitikuri Wvretisa,<br />

risi wyalobiTac es portretuli saxeebi intimurobas,<br />

individualurobas iZenen. maTSi naTlad ikiTxeba<br />

personaJis xasiaTi, ganwyobileba, Sinagani cxovreba<br />

Tu garemomcvel samyarosTan damokidebuleba.<br />

portretebis kompoziciebisaTvis avtori vertikalur<br />

formats irCevs. portretirebulTa gamosaxulebebi<br />

kadrSi mWidrod CaWedil kompoziciebs qmnian, sadac<br />

mTeli yuradReba saxis fsiqologiur daxasiaTebas eTmoba.<br />

Zunwad aris gadmocemuli an TiTqmis ugulebelyofilia<br />

yvelaferi, rac mxatvrisaTvis meorexarisxovans<br />

warmoadgens _ tanisamosis detalebi, aqsesuarebi.<br />

neitralur fonze msxvili planiT gamosaxuli, msubuqad<br />

utrirebuli metyveli saxeebi inarCuneben naturas-<br />

Tan fizikur msgavsebas da emociaTa mravalferovnebiT<br />

xasiaTdebian.<br />

formisa da xasiaTis eqspresiulobiT gamoirCeva v.<br />

beselias erT-erTi SesaniSnavi nawarmoebi _ `avtoportreti”<br />

(qaR. pasteli. 66X30. 1995). namuSevris gamomsax-<br />

110

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velobiT enas aq grafikuli sawyisebi gansazRvravs _<br />

xatvis maneris eskizuroba, xazobrivi ritmi, metyveli<br />

silueti. kompoziciis saerTo kolorits moyviTalomomwvano,<br />

mocisfro-monacrisfro ferTa daxvewili gama<br />

qmnis. suraTis siRrmidan mxatvari icqireba Tavis TavSi<br />

CaRrmavebuli, fiqriT da sevdiT aRbeWdili mzeriT.<br />

Sinagani keTilSobileba vlindeba mis Crdildafenil<br />

saxesa da mWmunvare ierSi.<br />

`Svilis portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 66X30. 1995) vertikalur<br />

RerZul xazze agebuli kompoziciaa. formaTa<br />

materialuri xasiaTi mxatvrul saxes Sinagan Zalasa da<br />

mniSvnelobas aniWebs. perangis xaverdovani moyavisfromowiTalo<br />

feris, oqrosferi Tmis, Tbili Ria mwvane<br />

fonis efeqturi Tanafardoba qmnis suraTis daxvewil<br />

feradovnebas. odnavi asimetriiT xazgasmuli modelis<br />

saxasiaTo gamoxedva _ aweuli warbi, SeWmuxnili Subli,<br />

saxis nakvTebis SemomsazRvreli dinamikuri konturebi<br />

personaJis Sinagan mRelvarebas, mis cvalebad<br />

emociur samyaros amJRavnebs.<br />

mxatvruli saxis mkveTri daxasiaTebiT gamoirCeva<br />

`ninos portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 70X50 2001). qaliSvilis<br />

poza _ gaSlili mxrebi, maRali kiseri da Subli _ amay<br />

xasiaTs avlens. personaJis didroni Tvalebi, mogrZo<br />

cxvirisa da warbebis swori xazebi, kululebad CamoSlili<br />

Tmebi, saxis maxvili ovali gansakuTrebiT gamomsaxvelia.<br />

dinamikuri StrixebiT Seqmnili kompoziciuri<br />

ritmi organulad erwymis rafinirebul qromatul ferweras<br />

da acocxlebs suraTis zedapirs. Ees portreti<br />

erT-erTi yvelaze momxibvlavia mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi.<br />

kompoziciuri gadawyvetis Tavisebureba gansakuTrebul<br />

elfers aniWebs `xelovnebaTmcodne rati CiburdaniZis<br />

portrets” (muyao, zeTi. 42X32 2000). sasuraTo<br />

sibrtyeze farTo planiT warmodgenili personaJis Tavisa<br />

da samosis moculobiTi plastikuri formebi TiTqmis<br />

mTlianad avsebs namuSevris neitralur fons. momwvano-moyviTalo<br />

tonebSi Sesrulebuli muqi foni, Ria<br />

feris reliefurad gamoZerwili saxe qmnis daxvewil<br />

111

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feradovan harmonias. modelis poza da ferweruli zedapiris<br />

dinamika mxatvruli saxis fsiqologizms gadmoscems.<br />

cnobiswadiliT aRsavse bavSvuri Tvalebi daJinebiT<br />

iyureba `biWunas portretidan” (qaR. pasteli. 35X32 1996).<br />

suraTi saocari siTboTi, sixalasiT aris gamsWvaluli.<br />

bavSvis metyveli mzera, mousvenari poza amJRavnebs mis<br />

mkvircxl, cocxal bunebas. kompoziciis xazgasmuli<br />

kadrireba da mkveTri ganaTeba akonkretebs biWunas<br />

nakvTebs da farTod gaxelil Tvalebs; personaJis<br />

frontalurad mocemuli saxe suraTis centrSia moTavsebuli,<br />

dinamikuri rakursiT mobrunebuli figura ki<br />

gverdidan aRiqmeba, rac acocxlebs erTi amosunTqviT<br />

Sesrulebuli namuSevris saerTo ritms. nawarmoebis<br />

koloriti daxvewilia da xaverdovani. igi intensiuri<br />

mwvane pastelis mravalferovani gradaciebis da Tbili<br />

yavisferis urTierTSerwymas emorCileba, naxevartonebis<br />

simdidriT da TavSekavebuli gamiT gamoirCeva.<br />

Sinagani dramatizmiT xasiaTdeba `moqandake oTar<br />

darCias portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 66X30 1995). nawarmoeb-<br />

Si mxatvari ostaturad mimarTavs urTierTdapirispirebis<br />

Tavisebur xerxs _ formis erTdroulad sibrtyobriv<br />

da moculobiT damuSavebas. aq mZlavri Suq-Crdilovani<br />

modelirebiT gamoZerwili Tavis moculobiTi,<br />

plastikuri gamosaxuleba qmnis kontrasts sxeulis ganzogadebul,<br />

pirobiTobis zRvramde dayvanil formasTan.<br />

mxatvari Zaldautaneblad aRwevs am sapirispiro elementebis<br />

harmoniul Tanafardobas da namuSevris organul<br />

mTlianobas qmnis. ferisa da tonis Tavisufali<br />

urTierTkavSiri acocxlebs nawarmoebis momwvano qromatul<br />

gamas, aZlierebs gamomsaxvelobas. personaJis<br />

fsiqologizms amJRavnebs misi garesamyarosadmi mipyrobili<br />

Tvalebi, aRbeWdili martoobis raRac fataluri<br />

gancdiT. es aris STambeWdavi, sevdiani saxe didi nebisyofis<br />

mqone pirovnebisa.<br />

kompoziciuri agebis TvalsazrisiT ramdenadme gansxvavebulia<br />

`Teas portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 85X50 1995).<br />

112

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aRsaniSnavia, rom am nawarmoebSi personaJis xasiaTi<br />

iZerweba ara mxolod saxis gamometyvelebiT, aramed suraTis<br />

mTeli plastikiT _ aq pozac, Cacmulobac erTgvari<br />

gzaa pirovnebis Sinaarsis amosacnobad. erTsa da<br />

imave dros mxatvruli formis moculobiTi da sibrtyobrivi<br />

damuSavebis efeqturi xerxi am namuSevarSic<br />

iCens Tavs, aqac aqcentirebulia gulmodgined Sesrulebuli<br />

saxe metyveli, nuSiseburi TvalebiT, Txeli sxeuli<br />

ki piriqiT _ zogadad aris miniSnebuli. suraTis<br />

vertikalisa da modelis xelebis araTanmxvedri mimar-<br />

Tuleba dinamikurs xdis kompozicias; daxvewili koloriti<br />

sxvadasxva intensiurobis lurji feris Tbili da<br />

civi tonebis monacvleobas emyareba, qaliSvilis muqi<br />

lurji kabis civi gama uSualo harmoniaSia natifi sxeulis<br />

naz, movardisfro tonebTan. lurji JReradobis<br />

eqspresiuli konturi Semowers figuras da mas TiTqos<br />

haerSi axvevs _ amrigad qreba sibrtyobriobis STabeWdileba,<br />

rasac xels uwyobs vardnili Crdilic; igi<br />

arRvevs fonis neitralurobas da iluzorul perspeqtivas<br />

qmnis _ qmnis erTgvar ares fonsa da personaJs<br />

Soris.<br />

ganwyobilebis ufro mZafri gamovlenis mizniT v. beselia<br />

zogjer Tavisebur grotesksac mimarTavs. aseTia<br />

`mxatvar Tamaz diasamiZis portreti” (t/z.45X35 1994).<br />

suraTi Tbili ironiiT aris gamsWvaluli, masze<br />

aRbeWdilia SezarxoSebuli adamiani misTvis damaxasia-<br />

Tebeli amRvreuli, gaSeSebuli mzeriT. 3/4-iT mocemuli<br />

saxe aq SedarebiT gulmodginedaa dawerili, wveri, Tma,<br />

perangi ki energiuli pastozuri monasmebiT. namuSevris<br />

koloriti cxovelxatulia, rogorc wesi, agebuli Tbili<br />

da civi tonebis harmoniaze; igi efuZneba mowiTalomoyavisfro,<br />

monacrisfro-iasamnisferis, sxvada sxva<br />

intensiurobis TeTri refleqsebis mousvenar ritms.<br />

Savi feris plastikuri konturi zogadad mianiSnebs<br />

tansacmlis detalebs da figuras fonisagan gamoyofs.<br />

ferweruli faqturis simkvrive da weris dinamikuri xasiaTi<br />

gamosaxulebas erTgvar reliefurobas aniWebs.<br />

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amdenad, warmodgenili nimuSebis ganxilva safuZvels<br />

iZleva vTqvaT, rom portreti xelovanis Semoqmedebis<br />

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia, romelSic gansaxierebas<br />

poulobs ara marto personaJis sulieri samyaro,<br />

aramed TviT mxatvris zogadi, humanisturi damokidebuleba<br />

adamianis mimarT. mxatvruli gadawyvetis<br />

TvalsazrisiT v. beselias portretebi sisadaves da suraTis<br />

naTlad gamovlenil arqiteqtonikas inarCuneben.<br />

maT ganwyobilebas Tu poetur-emociur muxts mniSvnelovanwilad<br />

ferweruli sawyisebi gansazRvravs _ ganapirobebs<br />

koloriti, romelic naxevartonebis faqiz niuansebzea<br />

agebuli; igi TiToeuli nawarmoebisTvis saguldagulod<br />

aris SerCeuli da gaazrebuli. aRsaniSnavia,<br />

rom namuSevris kompoziciur wyobaSi did rols TamaSobs<br />

personaJis pozis aqcentireba. igi xazs usvams<br />

naturis individualurobas, exmianeba mis sulier miswrafebebs<br />

Tu pirovnul Tvisebebs. Suqisa da Crdilis<br />

mkveTri modelirebiT mxatvari aZlierebs saxeebis emociur<br />

metyvelebas, rasac ostaturad upirispirebs neitralur<br />

fons da aRwevs suraTis calkeuli nawilebis<br />

ritmul da tonalur erTianobas. yovelive zemoxsenebulTan<br />

erTad, v. beselias suraTebSi iqmneba garemo,<br />

sadac sivrce erTgvar plastikur xatad gardaiqmneba<br />

da gamosaxvis mniSvnelovan esTetikur obieqts warmoadgens.<br />

vaxtang beselias Semoqmedeba mxatvruli xedvis<br />

individualurobiT da subieqturi saxviTi interpretaciiT<br />

gamoirCeva. misi SemoqmedebiTi alRo, azrovnebisa<br />

da gancdis Taviseburebebi nawarmoebis siRrmis, mxatvruli<br />

Rirsebis ganmsazRvrelia.<br />

114

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Rati Chiburdanidze<br />

Portraits in Vakhtang Beselia’s Paintings<br />

Summary<br />

Vakhtang Beselia is one of the prominent representatives in Modern<br />

Georgian painting. His creative activity dates back from the beginning of<br />

1970-s, when in Fine Arts there was developing an intensive process of<br />

individual thinking of plastic interpretation of artistic shape and space,<br />

compositional structure of a picture, pure pictorial, picturesque rudiments.<br />

The art of Vakhtang Beselia is intellectual, inspired with an evident<br />

primate of spirited rudiments. It is characterized with laconic speech,<br />

harmony of form and content, unity of painting and plasticity, which<br />

testifies the unity of the artistic outlook and possibilities of the master.<br />

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kulturis istoria<br />

ermile mesxia<br />

kulturisa da erovnuli<br />

cnobierebis zogierTi sakiTxi<br />

naSromSi kulturisa da erovnuli cnobierebis sakiTxis<br />

am formiT dasma pirobiTia. yovel sazogadoeba-<br />

Si kulturis done gansazRvravs erovnuli TviTSegnebis<br />

xarisxs an piriqiT. amitom SeiZleba naSromisaTvis<br />

gvewodebina kultura erovnul cnobierebaSi an<br />

erovnuli cnobiereba kulturaSi. am SemTxvevaSi amas<br />

arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, radgan Cven winamdebare<br />

sakiTxs ganvixilavT mxolod istoriuli ganviTarebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT. konkretulad ki gvinda davsvaT sakiTxi<br />

kulturisa da erovnuli cnobierebis ganviTarebis<br />

periodizaciis Sesaxeb. ra Tqma unda, arc imis pretenzia<br />

gvaqvs, amomwuravad gavceT dasmul kiTxvas pasuxi.<br />

es samomavlo kvlevis sagania. miuxedavad azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa,<br />

migvaCnia, rom am kuTxiT Cveni istoriografia<br />

valSia sazogadoebis winaSe. DdRes amis aucilebloba<br />

miT umetes igrZnoba, roca globalizaciis piro-<br />

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ebSi Cvens erovnul kulturasa da cnobierebas ucxouri<br />

masobrivi kulturisa da kosmopolitizmis gavlenis<br />

aSkara safrTxe emuqreba.<br />

cnobilia, rom kultura sulieri fenomenia. igi<br />

Tanamaradiulia adamianis cxovrebisa da umisod ver<br />

iarsebebs sazogadoeba, rogorc sulis gareSe xorcieli<br />

buneba kacisa (1). kulturologTa ganmartebiT,<br />

`kultura~ aris adamianis Semoqmedebis da Tavisuflebis<br />

realizacia. amave dros Tavad kultura ayalibebs<br />

adamians (2).<br />

farTo gagebiT, kultura yvelaferia, rac adamianis<br />

mieraa Seqmnili. kulturas, sxvagvarad, eris savizito<br />

baraTs uwodeben. igi udidesi SemoqmedebiTi Zalaa, romelic<br />

erovnuli Rirsebis grZnobas warmoSobs -<br />

erovnul kulturaSi vlindeba eris saxe, misi TavisTavadoba<br />

(3).<br />

kulturis cnebis ganxilva warmoudgenelia eTnosisa<br />

da eris kategoriebisagan gancalkavebiT. isini erTmaneTTan<br />

logikur kavSirSi Tanaarseboben. eTnosi da eri<br />

ZiriTadi SemoqmedebiTi Zalaa kulturis formirebis<br />

procesSi.<br />

eTnosi (tomi, xalxi) sazogadoebis istoriis adreul<br />

safexurze gaCenili erTeulia, romelic moicavs<br />

sociumis mcire jgufs, viwro geografiuli arealiT. am<br />

jgufis SigniT kavSiri efuZneba genetikur-naTesaobriv,<br />

eTno-fsiqologiur da enobriv formebs, rac saboloo<br />

jamSi formirdeba eTno-kulturis garkveuli modelis<br />

saxiT. modeli, romelic miuaxlovdeba istoriuli simwifis<br />

zRvars, xdeba eris formireba.<br />

istoriis svlis, ganviTarebis aqtSi Cndeba erovnuli<br />

idea, erovnuli TviTSegnebis Casaxvis momenti,<br />

rac saboloo jamSi ganapirobebs msoflmxedvelobiT<br />

orientirs (4). cnobiereba ki - obieqturi sinamdvilis<br />

asaxvis umaRlesi formaa (5). igi Seiwovs Tavis TavSi<br />

istoriul gamocdilebas, codnasa da azrovnebis meTodebs,<br />

romlebic SemuSavebulia winamavali istoriis<br />

mier, iTvisebs sinamdviles idealurad. sazogadoebis<br />

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ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovan etaps warmoadgens eTnosis<br />

(tomis) mier sakuTari individualuri saxis TviTSemecneba<br />

da gaazreba, rac sabolood erovnuli cnobierebis<br />

saxiT vlindeba.<br />

qarTuli eTnosis gadarCenis saidumlo qarTuli<br />

kulturis wiaRSi unda veZeboT, qarTveloba, rogorc<br />

eri gadarCa mxolod imitom, rom, ver daTrgunes Cveni<br />

erovnuli cnobiereba.<br />

erovnuli cnobierebis Camoyalibeba xangrZlivi istoriuli<br />

procesia, romelic aTaswleulebis miRma<br />

iRebs saTaves da misi fesvebi eTnosis (tomis) formirebis<br />

procesebs unda davukavSiroT.<br />

qarTul kulturologiaSi damkvidrebulia azri,<br />

rom xangrZlivad erT adgilze dafuZnebam xeli Seuwyo<br />

adamianTa myari jgufebis Casaxvas, warmoiqmna gvarovnuli<br />

gaerTianebani, tomebi. tomSi Semavali Temebisa da<br />

gvarebis zne-Cveulebani, religiuri warmodgenebi da salaparako<br />

ena ZiriTadad erTnairi iyo 6 . swored am faqtorebis<br />

erToblioba ayalibebs tomis eTnikur saxes da<br />

pirovnebis cnobierebas.<br />

qarTveluri tomebi jer kidev mtkvar-araqsis kulturis<br />

Camoyalibebamde centraluri kavkasiis binadarni<br />

Canan. am periodSi, ueWvelia, mimdinareobda garkveuli<br />

eTnikuri konsolidacia 7 .<br />

am kulturis erT-erT ZiriTad niSan-Tvisebad misi<br />

memkvidreoba Cans. cnobilia, rom msoflios Zveli<br />

civilizaciis bevri kera gaqra, mis adgilas sxva xalxi<br />

movida, sxva kulturiT, sxva tradiciebiT. qarTveluri<br />

kultura ki sicocxlisunariani aRmoCnda.<br />

kulturis sicocxlisunarianobis magiuri Zala<br />

swored eTnosis erovnul cnobierebaSi unda veZeboT.<br />

erovnuli cnobierebis ganviTareba ramdenime etapad<br />

SeiZleba ganvixiloT:<br />

I. preistoriuli xana (Zv.w. IV saukunemde);<br />

II. farnavazis epoqidan ax. w. aR. IV saukunemde –<br />

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebamde;<br />

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III. qristianuli erovnuli cnobiereba (IV s.-dan<br />

dRemde).<br />

preistoriul xanaSi erovnuli cnobiereba konkretuli<br />

eTnosis eTnikur-geografiul areals ukavSirdeba,<br />

magram saerTo qarTul cnobierebas ar aris mowyvetili,<br />

TandaTan amzadebs niadags erTiani erovnuli<br />

cnobierebisaTvis.<br />

qarTvelur tomTa eTnosocialuri erTobisa da er-<br />

Tiani erovnuli TviTSegnebis Camoyalibebis erT-erTi<br />

ZiriTadi piroba geografiuli faqtori iyo. sxva eTnikuri<br />

tomebisagan gansxvavebiT, qarTuli eTnosis formireba<br />

ZiriTadad dRevandeli saqarTvelos (da mis samxreTiT<br />

qarTvelebiT dasaxlebul) teritoriaze mimdinareobda.<br />

ra Tqma unda, qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani<br />

istoriis manZilze saqarTvelos teritoriuli<br />

sazRvrebi mudmivi da ucvleli rodi iyo, gansakuTrebiT<br />

qarTuli eTnosis warmoqmnisa da ganviTarebis<br />

adreul etapebze (8), magram amierkavkasia da mcire<br />

aziis nawili iyo Cveni winaprebis gansaxlebis<br />

erTaderTi geografiuli areali.<br />

meore mniSvnelovani piroba (aseve geografiuli faqtoriT<br />

ganpirobebuli) iyo is, rom ukve e. w. `neoli-<br />

Turi revoluciis~ droidan mTa da bari erTmaneTisagan<br />

gancalkavebul sameurneo erTeulebs ki ar warmoadgendnen,<br />

aramed erTi mTliani organizmis ganuyofel da<br />

erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebul nawilebs (9). qar-<br />

Tvelur tomTa TviTSegnebaSi uxsovari driodan mkveTrad<br />

gamoxatuli Cans mSobliuri fuZisadmi, rogorc<br />

sxvagvarad uwodeben, adgilis dedisadmi ara ubralo,<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, fanatikuri siyvaruli. sxva niSnebTan<br />

(ena, salocavi) erTad, swored es faqtori iyo Cveni<br />

winaprebis maradiuli problema _ `dRe-da-Ram iaraRiT<br />

xelSi~ (ilia) daecva fuZe-kera. iZulebiT ayril-gaxiznuli<br />

iavarqmnil sofels ubrundeboda da Tavidan iwyebda<br />

cxovrebas. ilia WavWavaZes qarTvelTa es Tviseba<br />

hqonda mxedvelobaSi, roca werda: `Cveni xalxi Tavisis<br />

binadrobis didi da mkvidri moyvarea.<br />

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igi sofeli, saca mis mama-papas Zvlebi umarxia, saca<br />

mama-papis salocavia, Cvenis glexisaTvis metad Zvirfasi<br />

ram aris. dResac Tu bedis brunvas erTis adgilidam<br />

meoreSi gadmousaxlebia vinme, imis SviliSvilni da<br />

ufro Soreulni STamomavloba TiTqmis yovel-wliv<br />

uwindelis binis dasaxedad midis, mama-papis xatisa da<br />

salocavis Tayvanis-sacemlad daiareba... amitomac Znelia<br />

Cvenis glexkacobisaTvis adgilidam daZvra~ (10)<br />

erovnuli cnobierebis meore umTavresi gamoxatuleba<br />

erovnuli enaa. ena ar aris mxolod sakomunikacio<br />

saSualeba. swored ena amkvidrebs adamianSi erovnuli<br />

siamayis gancdas da ayalibebs erovnul TviTSegnebas.<br />

`ena~ Zvel qarTulSi, iseve rogorc sxva enebSi, mxolod<br />

enas ki ar niSnavs, aramed xalxs, erovnebas, sarwmunoebas<br />

(11).<br />

erovnuli cnobierebis gaCena qarTveluri enis damkvidrebis<br />

epoqas unda davukavSiroT, romelic preistoriul<br />

epoqaSi iRebs saTaves, specialistTa aRiarebiT,<br />

daaxloebiT neoliTur xanaSi (V-IV aTasw.).<br />

enis roli da misia eris winaSe yvelaze ukeT<br />

warmoaCina `qebais~ avtorma ioane zosimem. `qebai da<br />

didebai...~ aris ara marto SesaniSnavi sagalobeli qar-<br />

Tuli enisa, igi amave dros qarTuli eTnosis, misi<br />

kulturul-istoriuli misiis qadagebacaa.<br />

ioane-zosime qarTul erovnebas ar igulisxmebda<br />

qarTuli enis gareSe. vinaidan qarTuli enisa da<br />

kulturis miRwevebi warmoaCens ers sxva erTa Soris<br />

(12).<br />

`qebais~ avtori amxnevebs Tavis Tanamemamuleebs:<br />

qarTveli eri gadarCeba, iarsebebso meored mosvlamde.<br />

marTalia, sagalobelSi eris nacvlad enazea<br />

saubari, magram mecnierebi enaSi ers gulisxmoben, radgan<br />

`eri~ - termini im epoqaSi ar arsebobda. igi ufro<br />

gviandeli xanis produqtia.<br />

`qebais~ avtori igives gvamcnobs qristianuli terminologiiT,<br />

rasac antikuri misteriebidan gamosuli<br />

miTi: odesRac aRzevebuli da mZlavri qarTuli modgma<br />

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da misi ena oTxi aTasi wlis ganmavlobaSi damdablebulia<br />

da dawunebuli. dadgeba Jami qarTuli enis aRzevebisa.<br />

ioane-zosimes `qebai~ qarTuli mesianisturi ideis<br />

gamovlenaa, romelic qristianuli epoqidan iRebs sa-<br />

Taves da saqarTvelos istoriis sxvadasxva periodSi<br />

iCens Tavs.<br />

antikur xanaSi mimdinareobda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

gaerTianebisaken mimarTuli procesi. wamyvan<br />

rols am procesSi qarTlis samefo asrulebda.<br />

sabolood aman gansazRvra qarTlis wamyvani roli er-<br />

Tiani qarTuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebis procesSic<br />

(13).<br />

farnavazis epoqam daagvirgvina erTiani erovnuli<br />

cnobierebis camoyalibeba, roca pirvelad iqmneba saerTo<br />

qarTuli saxelmwifo. am samefoSi Semavali eTnikuri<br />

erTeulebis - mxareebis gaerTianeba nebayofilobiT<br />

moxda, rac SeuZlebeli iqneboda maTi saerTo qarTveluri<br />

cnobierebis gareSe.<br />

yovel qarTul eTnikur erTeulSi Rrmad qondaT<br />

gacnobierebuli saerTo winareqarTveluri warmomavloba,<br />

romelic odesRac sxvadasxva mizezis gamo daiSala.<br />

yovel qarTvelSi, miuxedavad imisa, romel mxareSi<br />

cxovrobda igi, iyo rwmena qarTul enaze molaparake<br />

adamianebis mimarT urTierTnaTesaobisa. maTi kultura:<br />

tradiciebi, zne-Cveulebani, religiuri panTeoni ZiriTadad<br />

erTnairi iyo da arsebiT gansxvavebas ver xedavdnen<br />

erTmaneTs Soris. swored am faqtorebma gaaerTiana<br />

qarTuli mxareebi da miiyvana farnavazi erTiani qar-<br />

Tlis samefos taxtTan.<br />

erovnuli cnobierebis erTobisa da zneobis maRali<br />

gamovlineba iyo egrisis mmarTvelis (mefis) qujis<br />

piradi magaliTi. igi mokrZalebiT da aRiarebiT mimar-<br />

Tavs farnavazs: `Sen xar Svili TavTa maT qarTlisaTa<br />

da Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi~. es mimarTva imiTac aris<br />

saintereso, rom quji ara marto daqvemdebarebulad<br />

grZnobs Tavs farnavazis winaSe, aramed aq gatarebulia<br />

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qarTvel tomTa saerTo warmomavlobis da erTiani qar-<br />

Tlis idea (14).<br />

rogorc Cans, Cvens winaprebs imTaviTve kargad hqondaT<br />

gacnobierebuli urTierTnaTesaobis da erTi gvartomobis<br />

idea, romelic istoriis romeliRac periodSi<br />

(savaraudod, rogorc samecniero literaturaSi aRiarebulia,<br />

IV-III aTaswleuli) dairRva, magram saerTo<br />

qarTveluri TviTSegneba SenarCunebul iqna.<br />

`farnavazis cxovrebaSi~ yoveli qarTlis ideis damkvidrebis<br />

tendencia gamWolad gasdevs aRniSnul Txzulebas<br />

da es idea saerTod mtkiced gamomuSavebuli<br />

rwmena iyo momdevno epoqebSic, risi aSkara dadasturebaa<br />

gr. orbelianiseuli Sefaseba farnavazis moRvaweobisa:<br />

`Sen daumkvidre ersa erToba da erTobisa wesi<br />

da Zali~.<br />

farnavazis iniciativiT wamowyebuli gaerTianebis<br />

idea saocnebo perspeqtivas uqmnis yvela Tanamemamules,<br />

ris gamoc paTetikurad SeniSnavs mwerali: `maSin ganixaron<br />

yovelTa qarTvelTa~ (15).<br />

farnavazma rom qarTveli tomebis gaerTianeba daisaxa<br />

miznad da am mxriv bevric gaakeTa, mis udides<br />

damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos, magram man, rom aseTi<br />

erTobis qvakuTxedad ena daisaxa, es ukve misi didi<br />

sibrZnisa da SorsmWvretelobis utyuari niSania (16).<br />

farnavazis epoqa is etapia, roca gamoikveTa araoden<br />

eTnikuri saxe qarTvelebisa, aramed maTi kulturuli<br />

mTlianobac 17 , rac enasTan erTad rwmena-warmodgenebSic<br />

aisaxa.<br />

enisa da mSobliuri miwis siyvarulis gancdasTan<br />

erTad erTiani kulturisa da erovnuli cnobierebis<br />

maRal gamovlinebas warmoadgenda saerTo qarTuli<br />

religiuri panTeonis Camoyalibeba. farnavazma armazis<br />

kerpi azonis mier motanil gacisa da gais kerpebs<br />

Soris aRmarTa. es faqti qarTlis mefis did politikur<br />

gamWriaxobaze metyvelebs. man ki ar moSala<br />

Tavisi politikuri mowinaaRmdegis salocavi kerpebi,<br />

aramed maT Soris Tavisi kerpi aRmarTa, riTac simbo-<br />

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lurad xazi gausva arian-qarTlisa da mcxeTis irgvliv<br />

arsebuli politikuri gaerTianebebis erTianobas da<br />

axal samefoSi Semavali tomebis fizikur da sulier<br />

naTesaobas.<br />

saerTo teritoriaze TanacxovrebiT erTiani enis,<br />

religiuri panTeonisa da kulturis (tradiciebi, zne-<br />

Cveulebebi) arsebobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda monaTesave<br />

tomTa gaerTianeba da erTiani erovnuli cnobierebis<br />

Camoyalibeba.<br />

erTiani erovnuli TviTSegnebis Camoyalibebis<br />

procesSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs erTiani<br />

sarwmunoebis SemoRebas, upiratesad erTRmerTianobas,<br />

romelmac adrindelze metad didi roli Seasrula<br />

qveynis sxvadasxva mxaris kulturulsa da politikur<br />

SekavSirebaSi. amas ki eTnosocialuri konsolidaciis<br />

saqmeSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba (18).<br />

qristianobamdeli qarTveli kacis kulturuli saxe<br />

iyo: Camomavloba (qarTlosianoba), ena (qarTuli), teritoria<br />

(qarTuli), rjuli (qarTlosis saflavi da mna-<br />

Tobebi) da istoria (mama-papaTa xsovnis pativiscema).<br />

moxda didi istoriuli texili: qarTuli warmarToba<br />

qristianobiT Seicvala da kulturuli cnebis `qarTvelis~<br />

SinaarsSi qristianobis momentma is adgili daikava,<br />

rac aqamde qarTul warmarTobas eWira. qarTvelma<br />

xalxma... am religias qarTuli elferi misca da `qar-<br />

Tveli~ axlo aRmosavleTSi somxurisa da berZnuli<br />

qristianobisagan gansxvavebuli (eniT) religiis aRmniSvnel<br />

cnebad iqca. es iyo qristianobis individualizacia<br />

qarTveli xalxis mier. somxebisa da berZnebis gverdiT<br />

es iyo kulturuli gamarjveba (19).<br />

qristianobam gza gauxsna eTnikuri erTobis Segnebas,<br />

rasac sabolood monaTesave tomebis erT erovnul<br />

organizmad SekavSireba mohyva. ufro metic, mTeli Cveni<br />

erovnuli cnobierebis dRemde moRweuli karkasi swored<br />

qristianobis mier aris konstruirebuli (20).<br />

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebidan<br />

axali etapi daiwyo erTiani erovnuli cnobierebis gan-<br />

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viTarebaSi. V_X ss. qarTuli kultura Camoyalibda<br />

erTian mZlavr organizmad, romelmac waSala Temobrivi<br />

zRvari monaTesave eTnosebs Soris da maTi konsolidacia<br />

moaxdina. ,`is RvTaebrivi Zala, romelic amdeni xnis<br />

daSorebul tomebs (sakuTari eniT, kulturiT, teritoriiT)<br />

gaerTianebisaken ubiZgebda~ (21) iyo erovnuli<br />

cnobiereba.<br />

qristianuli erovnuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebis<br />

damagvirgvinebeli etapi iyo erTiani kulturis mqone<br />

monaTesave xalxebis erT politikur organizmad gaer-<br />

Tianeba. qarTuli erovnuli TviTSegneba da saqarTvelos<br />

samefos gaerTianeba ideologiurad qarTulma eklesiam<br />

moamzada (22).<br />

qristianoba ise mtkiced damkvidrda qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi,<br />

SuasaukuneebSi (da momdevno epoqaSi) sarwmunoebis<br />

mtkiced dacva niSnavda erovnuli meobis Senar-<br />

Cunebas da piriqiT (23).<br />

marTalia, gviani Sua saukuneebis manZilze, rTuli<br />

sagareo da saSinao viTarebis niadagze, rogorc SeniSnavs<br />

akademikosi g. meliqiSvili, imZlavra politikuri<br />

decentralizaciis tendenciam _ saqarTvelo mraval<br />

sxvadasxva politikur erTeulad _ samefo-samTavroebad<br />

danawilda, magram aRar dakargula mopovebuli erTianobis<br />

TviTSegneba _ mas mtkices xdida, zemoaRniSnul<br />

konfesiur moments garda, urTierTobisa da mwignobrobis<br />

saerTo enisa da saerTo kulturisadmi kuTvnilebis<br />

grZnoba, erTiani qarTveli xalxisadmi kuTvnilebis<br />

TviTSegneba (24).<br />

SuasaukuneebSi (da amJamadac) qristianul sarwmunoebasTan<br />

erTad enisa da mamulis (adgilis deda, teritoria,<br />

sadav iSva qarTvelTa modgma) siyvarulis gancda<br />

erTobliobaSi iyo is saZirkveli, razedac idga qarTvelTa<br />

erovnuli TviTSegnebis cixe-simagre, romlis<br />

moSla verc erT epoqaSi ver SeZles Cveni qveynis<br />

mtrebma. rac ufro metad sdevnidnen dampyroblebi sarwmunoebas,<br />

enas da patriotul suliskveTebas, metad<br />

mtkicdeboda qarTvelTa erovnuli cnobiereba.<br />

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`ra ar gadagvxdenia Tavs, ra mtrebi ar mogvsevian,<br />

ra vai-vaglaxi, ra sisxlis Rvra, ra RrWena kbilTa ar<br />

gamogvivlia, ra wisqvilis qva ar datrialebula Cvens<br />

Tavzed da yvelas gavuZeliT, yvelas gavumagrdiT, SevinaxeT<br />

Cveni Tavi, SevirCineT Cveni qveyana, Cveni miwawyali~<br />

(25). aseTi gansacdelis da kataklizmebis gamovlis<br />

Semdeg, roca sxva didi civilizaciis matarebeli<br />

qveynebi dedamiwidan aRigavnen da istorias maTi arsebobis<br />

mxolod cnobebiRa SemorCa, ilia WavWavaZe kiTxvas<br />

svamda: Cven, qarTvelebi `ram gvixsna~.<br />

pasuxic manve mokled, Rrmaazrobrivad da paTetikurad<br />

gagvca. iliaseuli triada - `mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba~<br />

- qarTvelTa erovnuli TviTSegnebis masazrdoebeli<br />

wyaro iyo. qarTveloba, rogorc eri, swored<br />

erovnuli cnobierebis simtkicem ixsna.<br />

saqarTvelos mtrebi erovnul TviTSegnebaSi bzaris<br />

SetaniT cdilobdnen Cvens daqsaqsvas kuTxeebad da<br />

religiur seqtebad, raTa moeSalaT erovnuli cnobierebis<br />

zRude da qarTveli eri samyaros ubralo, uTvistomo<br />

masad eqciaT _ samSoblos, enisa da sarwmunoebis gareSe.<br />

aseTi gansacdeli mravaljer gamouvlia qarTvel-<br />

Ta modgmas da gadavrCiT. ar gadavSendiT, radgan ver<br />

dagvaviwyes deda ena, ver gatexes rwmena da ver dagvaTmobines<br />

samSoblo _ Cveni erovnuli cnobierebis<br />

wmida sameba da cixe-burji.<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura<br />

1. r. siraZe, qarTuli kulturis safuZvlebi, Tb., 2000, gv. 3<br />

2. n. vaSaymaZe, kulturologia, quT. 2003, gv. 9<br />

3. a. surgulaZe, qarTuli kulturis istoriis narkvevebi, t.<br />

I, Tb., 1984, gv. 8<br />

4. e. avaliani, t. gvalia, kulturisa da civilizaciis<br />

cnebaTa interpretaciis sakiTxisaTvis, Tb., 1997, gv. 7<br />

5. filosofiuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1982, gv. 673-674<br />

6. J. feiqriSvili, qarTvelologiis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1991, gv.<br />

16<br />

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7. o. jafariZe, qarTvel tomTa eTnikuri istoriis sakiTxisaTvis,<br />

Tb., 1967, gv. 339-340<br />

8. o. lorTqifaniZe, Zveli qarTuli civilizaciis saTaveeb-<br />

Tan, Tb., 2002, gv. 8<br />

9. iqve, gv. 11<br />

10. i. WavWavaZe, Txzulebani aT tomad, t. VI, Tb., 1957, gv. 26,<br />

gv. 188<br />

11. z. gamsaxurdia, saqarTvelos sulieri misia, Tb., 1991, gv.<br />

38<br />

12. iqve, gv. 44-45<br />

13. g. meliqiSvili, Ziebani, saqarTvelos, kavkasiisa da axlo<br />

aRmosavleTis Zveli istoriis dargSi, Tb., 1999, gv. 312<br />

14. r. baramiZe, farnavazman srulyo samefo Tvisi, Tb., 1990,<br />

gv. 9<br />

15. iqve, gv. 11<br />

16. v. WeliZe, qarTlis cxovrebis qronikebi, wigni I, Tb., 1973,<br />

gv. 117<br />

17. r. siraZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 224<br />

18. d. paiWaZe, i. vaSaymaZe, qarTveli eris Camoyalibeba, Tb.,<br />

1991 gv. 34<br />

19. n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, Tb.,<br />

1990, gv. 383<br />

20. g. asaTiani, saTaveebTan, Tb., 1982, gv. 86<br />

21. iqve, gv. 392<br />

22. g. mWedliSvili, qarTuli kulturis paradigma, Tb., 2004,<br />

gv. 19<br />

23. r. siraZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 224<br />

24. g. meliqiSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, Tb., 1999, gv. 315<br />

25. i. WavWavaZe, Txzulebani aT tomad, t. V, Tb., 1955, gv. 14<br />

Ermile Meskhia<br />

Some problems according to culture and national thinking<br />

Summary<br />

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National thinking forming is a long historical process, which has<br />

been starting thousand years ago and is closely related with a process of<br />

ethnos forming.<br />

National thinking development may be considered step-by-step:<br />

1. Prehistoric period (IV B.C.);<br />

2. From IV B.C. the age of King Parnavaz till announce<br />

Christianity as a state religion.;<br />

3. Christian national thinking (IV B.C.).<br />

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mamuka jorbenaZe<br />

globalizacia da erovnuli<br />

kulturis zogierTi sakiTxi<br />

kulturuli globalizacia dasavleT samyaros pirmSoa.<br />

globaluri kultura da masTan dakavSirebuli<br />

procesebi mimdinareoben da saTaves iReben Tanamedrove<br />

msoflios Zlieri metropoliebidan, umsxvilesi centrebidan.<br />

eseni arian Tanamedrove, axali kulturuli imperiebi<br />

(1). globalizacia gascda ekonomikis sazRvrebs<br />

da adamianTa movaleobis TiTqmis yvela sfero moicva.<br />

XIX – XX saukuneebis mijnisaTvis cxovrebis yvela<br />

sferos – ekonomikis, politikis, marTvis gamasobriveba<br />

axasiaTebs. amJamad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dasavluri politikuri<br />

kultura da masobrivi kultura (meinstrimi)<br />

moqmedebis gansxvavebuli meqanizmebisa da specifikis<br />

miuxedavad, erT mTlianobaSi, msoflio globalizaciis<br />

saqmes emsaxureba. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia aSS-is roli,<br />

romelmac mniSvnelovani Rvawli gaswia masobrivi kulturis,<br />

rogorc damoukidebeli kulturuli fenomenis<br />

Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebaSi. amerikuli masobrivi kultura,<br />

popkultura, vizualuri masmedia da kompiuterul-informaciuli<br />

teqnologiebi naTlad asaxaven da<br />

adastureben kosmopolituri kulturis mravalferovan<br />

da yovlismomcvel bunebas.<br />

unda aRiniSnos, rom globaluri kultura da kosmopolituri<br />

ideebi yovelTvis winaaRmdegobaSia da SeuTavsebadia<br />

saxelmwifos Zalismier politikasa da, rac<br />

yvelaze mTavaria, TiToeuli qveynis kulturul maxasia-<br />

TeblebTan. yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, sainteresoa,<br />

ra bedi eweva nacionalur kulturebs, erovnul cnobierebas,<br />

ramdenad gauZlebs masobrivi kulturis mZlavr<br />

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Semotevebs, romelic dRiTidRe kravs saltes da kulturul<br />

erTeulebs lamis sarezervacio pirobebs uqmnis.<br />

globalizaciis eraSi ekonomikuri, finansuri ur-<br />

TierTkavSirebi qmnian msoflios – saxsrebis gareSe,<br />

sadac mniSvnelovan adgils ikaveben transnacionaluri<br />

kompaniebi da uamravi sxva msxvili da gavleniani organizaciebi.<br />

am institutebis struqturebis gavlena da<br />

maTi moRvaweoba Zalian naTlad aisaxeba qveynis kulturaze,<br />

erovnul TviTSegnebaze, rac TavisTavad negatiuri<br />

procesia (2).<br />

globalozaciis pirobebSi nacionalizmma sxvagvari<br />

elferi SeiZina, radgan kulturuli globalizacia<br />

Zalian mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli nacionalur fenomen-<br />

Tan. samyaros globalizaciis procesi msoflmxedvelobriv<br />

aspeqtSi nacionalizms aRiqvams istoriuli mniSvnelobis<br />

miRma, romelmac dakarga Tavisi mTavari da<br />

ZiriTadi Sinaarsi.<br />

faqtia, rom mcirericxovan erebs TviTmyofadobis<br />

SenarCuneba sakuTari, Tundac kargad momuSave kanonebis<br />

SeqmniT gauWirdebaT, Tuki msofliom Tavisi ganvi-<br />

Tarebis programaSi mravalsaxeobis SenarCunebis principi<br />

ar Cado.<br />

globalizaciis pirobebSi ekonomikuri modernizaciisa<br />

da socialur cvlilebaTa kvalobaze, rodesac<br />

msoflio sul ufro „mWidrovdeba“ da izrdeba civilizaciuli<br />

identurobis Segneba, Sesabamisad, mcirdeba<br />

eri – saxelmwifos, rogorc identifikaciis wyaros, roli<br />

(3).<br />

Tanamedrove istoriaSi nacionalizmi da qveynis<br />

erovnuli maxasiaTeblebi, maT Soris erovnuli cnobiereba,<br />

sxvadasxva sferoSi dabrkolebebsac ki qmnis<br />

globalizaciis ganviTarebis sawinaaRmdegod. bevri eqsperti<br />

varaudobs, rom momavalSi eris erovnulobisa da<br />

nacionalizmis roli gaxdeba ufro metad damokidebuli<br />

msoflioSi mimdinare globalur procesebze da<br />

maTi funqcia kidev ufro Semcirdeba.<br />

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nacionalizmi ar arsebobs eri – saxelwifos gareSe,<br />

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, vRebulobT garkveul eTnikur<br />

erTeuls, romlis TviTmyofadoba dafuZnebulia mxolod<br />

adaT-wesebze, zne-Cveulebebze da zogjer gansxvavebul<br />

religiur maxasiaTeblebze, magram moklebulia<br />

erovnul cnobierebas, kulturasa da saxelwifoebriv<br />

(damoukidebel) azrovnebas.<br />

erik hobsbaumi Tavis naSromSi nacionalizmis evoluciis<br />

Sesaxeb – aRniSnavs, rom XX saukunis nacionalizmi<br />

da eTnikuri politika mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba<br />

XIX da XX saukunis nacionalizmisagan. nacionalizmi<br />

aRar iTvleba msoflios istoriuli ganviTarebis<br />

mamoZravebel Zalad. igi aRaraa qveynis, eris TviTdamkvidrebis<br />

mTavari veqtori. 4<br />

nacionalizmi msoflio globalizaciis procesisadmi<br />

sakmaod mgrZnobiare aRmoCnda. nacionalizmis liberaluri<br />

kritikis mixedviT ers politikuri mniSvneloba<br />

aRar gaaCnia da igi mxolod kulturuli da folkloruli<br />

fenomenia, anu eri depolitizirebulia. eris<br />

kulturuli done gansxvavdeba saxelmwifos politikuri<br />

da regionalur-ekonomikuri donisagan, radgan<br />

mxolod saxelmwifo flobs politikur sadaveebs saer-<br />

TaSoriso asparezze. eri kargavs yovelgvar politikur<br />

saxes, funqcias da xdeba eTnofenomeni.<br />

radgan eri aRar warmoadgens saerTaSoriso asparezze<br />

efeqtur monawiles, eris Rirebulebani, miswrafebani<br />

regulirdeba saerTaSoriso normebiT da mravalmxrivi<br />

saerTaSoriso xelSewyobiT. amgvari liberaluri xedvis<br />

mizani aris amoagdos eris cneba politikuri Car-<br />

Coebidan da kvlav daabrunos kulturisa da civilizebuli<br />

sazogadoebis siaSi, saidanac is aRmocenda. swored<br />

aseTia pragmatuli pozicia kulturuli globalizaciisa.<br />

Cndeba kiTxva _ SeZlebs Tu ara dRes arsebuli<br />

globaluri kultura, Tavidan aicilos kulturuli<br />

imperializmi da SesaZlebelia Tu ara igi gadaiqces<br />

namdvil kosmopolitur procesad aSkaraa, rom ingli-<br />

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suri ena msoflios globaluri enaa, evropuli institutebi<br />

da amerikis cxovrebis stili mniSvnelovnad<br />

gansazRvraven cxovrebas msoflioSi. aseve kompiuteruli<br />

teqnologiebi, masmedia, mimdinare urbanizaciuli<br />

procesebi, demokratizacia, konstituciuri da socialuri<br />

samarTali uzarmazar gavlenas axdenen mTel<br />

msoflioSi kulturul cxovrebasa da procesebze.<br />

globaluri kosmopolituri kulturis saerTo aspeqti<br />

aris is, rom igi sTavazobs xalxs yvelasaTvis<br />

saerTo idealebs, rac faqtiurad warmoudgenelia da<br />

rac SeuZlebelia miiRos da gaiTavisos msoflios yvela<br />

erma Tu sazogadoebam. msoflioSi ar arsebobs ori<br />

msgavsi kulturis matarebeli eri, amdenad erTiani<br />

kulturis damkvidreba msoflioSi utopiuri da ararealuria.<br />

zogierT qveyanaSi kulturuli globalizaciis procesi<br />

did winaaRmdegobas awydeba. yoveli qveynis kultura<br />

gamoirCeva sakuTari bunebiT, specifikiT, TviTmyofadobiT,<br />

istoriiTa da tradiciebiT, RirebulebebiT,<br />

romlebic metnaklebad aferxeben e.w. kulturuli<br />

imperializmis mcdar process, magram xdeba piriqiTac,<br />

rodesac qveynis kultura izRudeba ganicdis cvlilebas<br />

globaluri kulturis mier. miuxedavad amgvari gavlenisa<br />

qveyanas, ers SeuZlia SeinarCunos Tavisi saku-<br />

Tari kultura, erovnuli cnobiereba, radgan mas globalizaciis<br />

mavne procesebisagan garkveuli saxis TavdacviTi<br />

meqanizmi gaaCnia. aq garkveulwilad igulisxmeba<br />

is maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic TiToeuli eris erovnuli<br />

kulturis ganmasxvavebel niSnebs moicavs. 1) erovnuli<br />

xasiaTi; 2) istoria; 3) erisadmi kuTvnilebis aRqma<br />

da gancda; 4) drois faqtori; 5) garkveul sivrceSi<br />

arseboba; 6) ena; 7) araverbaluri komunikacia; 8) Rirebulebani<br />

da faseulobani; 9) qceva, norma, wesebi, tradiciebi<br />

da Cveulebebi; 10) socialuri jgufebi, gaer-<br />

Tianebebi da kavSirebi (5).<br />

kosmopolitur kulturas gaaCnia sami ZiriTadi da<br />

mTavari maxasiaTebeli: 1) is aris universaluri; 2) aqvs<br />

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teqnologiuri buneba; 3) da am procesSi drois faqtori<br />

minimumamdea dayvanili (6).<br />

globalizacia TandaTan kargavs droisa da sivrcis<br />

SegrZnebas da xdeba universaluri movlena, romelic,<br />

zogierTi eqspertis varaudiT, planetarul masStabs<br />

iZens.<br />

kosmopolituri kulturis talRa yvela qveyanaSi<br />

sxvadasxva doneebs arCevs da sxvadasxvagvarad viTardeba.<br />

radgan TiToeuli qveynis kultura, ideologia<br />

gansxvavdeba sxva eris, qveynis kulturuli cnobierebisagan.<br />

xSirad xdeba erovnuli Rirebulebebis Serwyma<br />

masobriv globalur procesebTan, rac TavisTavad ukargavs<br />

ers kulturul individualizmsa da mxolod am<br />

erisTvis damaxasiaTebel erovnul cnobierebas.<br />

siaxleebi da novaciebi eris kulturul cxovrebaSi<br />

yovelTvis saWiro da sainteresoa. dRevandeli globaluri<br />

movlenebi naklebad exmianeba adgilobriv,<br />

erovnuli kulturis idealebsa da maT Rirebulebebs.<br />

kulturuli globalozacia uaryofiTi procesi xdeba<br />

maSin, rodesac igi savsebiT Crdilavs eris TviTmyofad<br />

kulturul maxasiaTeblebs. es procesi amkvidrebs<br />

progresul da mowinave teqnologiebs, ideebsa da SesaZleblobebs,<br />

magram ugulebelyofs imas, rac erisaTvis<br />

faseuli da sanukvaria (7).<br />

kulturuli globalizacia yvelaze metad mesame<br />

samyaros qveynebsa da aradasavlur sazogadoebaSi igr-<br />

Znoba. igi aq adgilobrivi kulturebisaTvis sruliad<br />

ucxo, Tanamedrove standartebs, axal elementebsa da<br />

Rirebulebebs amkvidrebs. am qveynebis kultura gansakuTrebiT<br />

mgrZnobiarea dasavluri, globaluri faseulobebisadmi.<br />

maskulturis uSualo zegavleniT, mesame<br />

samyaro advilad iRebs da iTavsebs axal modur tendenciebs.<br />

msoflio istoriis manZlze arc erTi didi civilizacia<br />

da kultura ar yofila aseTi universaluri da<br />

yovlismomcveli bunebis matarebeli. imperiebisa da<br />

civilizaciebis paralelurad yovelTvis arsebobda<br />

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sxvadasxva xalxebis, qveynebis TviTmyofadi kultura.<br />

globaluri telekomunikaciebisa da informaciuli teqnologiis<br />

uzarmazar sistemaze dafuZvnebuli Tanamedrove<br />

kosmopolituri civilizacia sul ufro hibriduli<br />

xdeba (8).<br />

`qveyanas, romelsac surs SeinarCunos damoukidebloba<br />

da avtonomia, urCevnia sakuTar kulturas daeyrdnos<br />

da amiT daicvas Tavi, xolo vinc eqspansionur Zalas<br />

eyrdnoba, Tavissave kulturis, erovnuli cnobierebis<br />

sapirispiro tendenciebs gaaZlierebs“, _ acxadebs<br />

cnobili amerikeli politologi klaes rini (9).<br />

globalizacia da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi,<br />

marTalia, dResdReobiT ufro metad mcirericxovani<br />

erebis sazrunavia, magram uaxloes droSi is didi erebis<br />

sazrunavic gaxdeba, vinaidan globalizaciis umTavresi<br />

subieqtebis, erebisa da xalxebis bedi, maTi mcirericxovnobisa<br />

da sididis miuxedavad, damokidebulia<br />

maTi istoriuli ganviTarebis procesze (10).<br />

sabednierod, msoflioSi arseboben Zlier erovnul<br />

TviTSegnebaze damyarebuli kulturebi. eri – saxelmwifos<br />

nacionalizmi kulturuli TvalsazrisiT gulisxmobs<br />

Zlier da TviTmyofadi erovnuli cnobierebisa<br />

da kulturis SenarCunebas. jansaRi eris arsebobis garanti<br />

SeiZleba iyos erovnuli TviTSegnebisa da TviTgamorkvevis<br />

niadagze aRmocenebuli TviTmyofadi kultura<br />

da cnobiereba.<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura<br />

1. S. jafariZe, politologia, Tbilisi – baTumi, 1995, gv.<br />

270.<br />

2. globaluri kultura, internetis vebgverdi, w.w.w. Google.<br />

ge globaluri kultura.<br />

3. g. mWedliSvili, globalizacia da erovnuli identifikaciis<br />

problema, `amerikis Seswavlis sakiTxebi~, IV, Tb.,<br />

2005, gv. 207.<br />

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4. internetis vebgverdi, dasax. naSromi, w.w.w. Google. ge<br />

globalur kultura.<br />

5. iqve.<br />

6. globaluri kultura, internetis vebgverdi, w.w.w. globaluri<br />

kultura.ru<br />

7. iqve.<br />

8. internetis vebgverdi, dasax. naSromi, w.w.w.Google.gekulturuli<br />

globalizacia.<br />

9. p. CxeiZe, interviu klaes rinTan, Cveni mwerloba, Tb., 2007,<br />

gv. 2.<br />

10. g. mWedliSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 203.<br />

Mamuka Jorbenadze<br />

Some items about global and national culture<br />

Summary<br />

During the world’s history no civilization was such universal, with<br />

empires and civilizations always existed various peoples and countries<br />

self culture. Global TV and radio communication and biggest technology<br />

information system becomes from modern cosmopolitan civilization<br />

becomes on more hybrid. Fortunately in the world there exists self –<br />

determined and self – possessed cultures. Nation, nationalism of the state<br />

means to save strong nation and culture. Existence of strong nation<br />

depends on self –criticism which is based on culture and Know – how.<br />

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musikaTmcodneoba<br />

qeTevan gogolaZe<br />

musikaluri aRqmis<br />

TaviseburebisaTvis<br />

M<br />

xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis diferenciacia mxatvruli<br />

xatis asaxvisa da gadmocemis specifikidan momdinareobs.<br />

ganvixilavT xelovnebis ori dargis – musikisa<br />

da mxatvrobis mxatvruli xatebis da maTi gamomsaxveli<br />

saSualebebis specifikas da maTi aRqmis Taviseburebas.<br />

musika droiTi xelovnebaa.Mmisi ZiriTadi gamomsaxveli<br />

saSualeba bgeriTi intonirebaa.Mmusikis bgeriTi<br />

intonirebiT Seqmnili qsovili sivrcobrivad ganefineba.Mmusikis<br />

aRqmisaTvis aucilebelia yuradRebis fiqsireba<br />

drois im monakveTze, ramdenic saWiroa ama Tu im<br />

nawarmoebis Sesasruleblad da mosasmenad.<br />

musikaluri nawarmoebi kompozitoris mier samyaros<br />

xatovani Semecnebis da amave dros mxatvruli azrovnebis<br />

Sedegia. Semsruleblis gareSe musikaluri nawarmoebi<br />

moklebulia mis ZiriTad gamomsaxvelobas – intoni-<br />

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ebas.Aamitomac musikis xelovneba mudmivi sami triadiT<br />

SemoisazRvreba: kompozitori (Semqmneli) – Semsrulebeli<br />

(interpretatori) – msmeneli (aRmqmneli, Semfasebeli).<br />

unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom XIX saukunis Sua<br />

wlebamde sakuTari nawarmoebis interpretatori Tavad<br />

kompozitori iyo.<br />

araerTi naSromia miZRvnili interpretatoris saSemsruleblo<br />

xarisxze musikaluri nawarmoebis mxatvruliYRirebulebis<br />

gansazRvrisas.Aaseve sakmaod Seswavlilia<br />

zemoT moyvanili triadidan msmenelis daniSnulebac,<br />

Tumca jer kidev Seuswavleli rCeba im msmenelis<br />

aRqmisa da Ggancdis Tavisebureba, romelic Cveulebrivi,<br />

pasiuri msmenelisagan gansxvavebiT, garkveulwilad<br />

SemoqmedebiTi procesis Tanaziari xdeba. maTi<br />

ricxvi mniSvnelovnad Camouvardeba tradiciul msmenelTa<br />

ricxvs, magram mainc arseboben sxvadasxva epoqaSi<br />

da sakmaod originalurad erwymian aRniSnul SemoqmedebiT<br />

process, amdenad, uTuod imsaxureben mkvlevarTa<br />

yuradRebas.<br />

nebismieri adamianisaTvis (maT Soris msmenelisaTvis)<br />

mxatvroba musikisagan gansxvavdeba xiluli, sagnobrivi<br />

bunebiT. naxati mxatvris mier iqmneba samyaros xatovani<br />

Semecnebis Sedegad. Nnaxati (aseve qandakeba da sxva) –<br />

Semoqmedis mxatvruli Semecnebis produqtia. mxatvrisaTvis<br />

ZiriTadi gamomsaxveli saSualebebia – feri,<br />

xazi da forma.Mmxatvris Semoqmedebis Sedegi Suamavlis<br />

gareSec gasagebia (cxadia, gansxvavebul doneze) mayureblisaTvis,<br />

rameTu naxatis saSualebiT kontaqti<br />

uSualod mis Semqmnel mxatvarsa da mayurebels Soris<br />

myardeba. musikalur teqsts ki, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,<br />

mudmivad esaWiroeba Semsrulebeli (teqstis gamxmovanebeli),<br />

maTi ricxvi asobiT ganisazRvreba da gulisxmobs<br />

asobiT sxvadasxva donis interpretacias.<br />

aseve gansxvavebulia momzadebuli da moumzadebeli<br />

msmenelis da naxatis Semfaseblis gancdis done. amjerad<br />

yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT musikis im msmenelebze,<br />

romlebic e.w. pasiuri msmenelebisagan gansxvavebiT Se-<br />

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moqmedebiT procesSi erTvebian da mosmenili musikiT<br />

miRebul STabeWdilebas gadmoscemen naxatiT (xSirad<br />

verbaluradac). cnobilia araerTi saxelganTqmuli pirovneba,<br />

romelic aRniSnuli SemoqmedebiTi procesis<br />

Tanaziari xdeboda. bevri didi Semoqmedi xatavda musikaluri<br />

nawarmoebis zegavleniT (Curlionisi), bevric<br />

piriqiT – naxatis zegavleniT qmnida musikalur nawarmoebebs<br />

(m. musorgski, s. raxmaninovi), mravali maTgani<br />

(a. skriabini, n. rimski – korsakovi, o. mesiani) ki fereb-<br />

Si xedavdnen tonalobebs.<br />

Cvens mier ramdenime aTwleulis manZilze Seswavlil<br />

iqna eqsperimentul cdebze Sesrulebuli naxatebi,<br />

romlebsac musikaluri nawarmoebis mosmenis proces-<br />

Si (an mosmenis Semdeg) xatavdnen sxvadasxva asakis adamianebi,<br />

maT Soris – bavSvebi. aRniSnuli SemoqmedebiTi<br />

procesis Sedegebis gaanalizeba SeuZlebelia musikisa<br />

da mxatvrobis gamomsaxveli saSualebebis, musikaluri<br />

da saxviTi xelovnebis mxatvruli xatebis, aRqmisa da<br />

azrovnebis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe.<br />

musikis mosmenis zemoqmedebiT naxatis Seqmna gulisxmobs<br />

mosmenis procesSi sivrceSi warmosaxuli vizualuri<br />

xatis fiqsacias. sivrcis asaxvaSi mxedvelobiTi<br />

analizatorebis rolis gamoyofiT didi ganviTareba<br />

hpova smeniTi da mxedvelobiTi sinesTeziis gamokvlevebma.<br />

geStaltfsiqologiis skolis warmomadgeneli a.<br />

veleki Tavis naSromSi ,,musikaluri fsiqologia da musikaluri<br />

esTetika” mniSvnelovan adgils uTmobda sxvadasxva<br />

SegrZnebebs Soris intermodaluri kavSirebis –<br />

sinofsiisa da sinesTeziis problemebs (1:295).<br />

didi rusi kompozitoris a. skriabinis biografi da<br />

misi Semoqmedebis mkvlevari k. sabaneevi kompozitoris<br />

SemoqmedebasTan mimarTebaSi xSirad iyenebs gamoTqmas<br />

,,smeniTi mxedveloba”. Semdgom ganixilavs n. rimski –<br />

korsakovisa da a. skriabinis tonalur – feriT Skalas.<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiTMmogvyavs n. rimski – korsakovis piradi<br />

dakvirvebis Sedegi: ,,tembrebis xarisxis sityvieri<br />

gansazRvra ukiduresad rTuli da amave dros – arazus-<br />

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tia. saWiro xdeba misi dasesxeba mxedvelobiTi, SexebiTi<br />

da TviT gemos ganmsazRvreli terminologiidan. am<br />

TiTqosda musikisaTvis sruliad ucxo SegrZnebebTan<br />

musikis kavSiri CemTvis udavoa” (2 : 16). k. sabaneevi<br />

Tavis naSromSi ,,mogonebebi skriabinze” mogviTxrobs<br />

kompozitoris mier gamoTqmul azrs ,,promeTeSi” musikaluri<br />

bgerisa da feriTi Suqis paralelizmze. mas<br />

surda partituraSi ganaTebuli feriTi kontrapunqtis<br />

Setana. skriabini ocnebobda (da hqonda dawyebuli muSaoba)<br />

iseTi nawarmoebis Seqmnaze, romelSic melodia daiwyeboda<br />

bgerebiT, gagrZeldeboda JestebiT, an daiwyeboda<br />

bgerebiT da gagrZeldeboda feriTi simfoniiT da<br />

xazebiT.<br />

partituraSi sxvadasxva sakravebis partiebis feriTi<br />

aRniSvnis SemoRebas varaudobdnen r. vagneri, swavluli<br />

r. bezanke, diriJori d. golfri da sxva. iyo mcdeloba<br />

sxvadasxva gamocemaSi ferebisa da tembrebis urTierTdakavSirebisa<br />

da zogadi sistemis gamoyofisa, magram<br />

redaqtorebi gakvirvebuli darCnen, rodesac gairkva,<br />

rom erTi da imave sakravis partia, magaliTad, hofmanis<br />

mier ganicdeboda rogorc wiTeli, stendalisaTvis<br />

iyo ultramarinisferi, balmontisaTvis ki – cisferi.<br />

aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT didZali eqsperimentuli<br />

masalis gaanalizebis safuZvelze kidev<br />

erTxel davamtkiceT, rom bgerisa da feris urTierTzemoqmedebiT<br />

gamowveuli gancda interindividualuria.<br />

xatovani azrovnebis safuZvels aRqma da warmodgena<br />

Seadgens. warmodgenis Camoyalibeba dakavSirebulia aRqmis<br />

fiziologiur meqanizmTan, maxsovrobasTan da warmosaxvasTan.<br />

aRqmisa da warmodgenis Camoyalibebis process<br />

Seiswavlidnen gansxvavebuli fsiqologiuri skolis<br />

warmomadgenlebi: sociacionistebi, atomistebi, geStaltfsiqologiis<br />

mimdevrebi da sxva.<br />

asociacionistebi aRqmisa da warmodgenis process<br />

ganixilavdnen, rogorc elementaruli erTeulebis –<br />

SegrZnebebis damaxsovrebas da SeerTebas. geStaltfsiqologiam<br />

maT sawinaaRmdegod wamoayena mTelis (mTli-<br />

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anobis) aRqmis specifika – geStaltis cneba – rac moicavs<br />

mTlian struqturas, konfiguracias. amrigad, Tu<br />

atomisturi meTodi aqcentirebas akeTebda aRqmis diferencirebaze,<br />

geStaltfsiqologias mniSvnelovani wvlili<br />

miuZRvis musikaluri nawarmoebis mTlianobaSi aRqmis<br />

problemis gadaWraSi.<br />

musikis aRqmis problemebTan dakavSirebiT g. keCxua-<br />

Svili aRniSnavs, rom ,,musikis mosmenis procesSi msmenelis<br />

cnobierebaSi xSirad warmoiqmneba sxvadasxva<br />

saxis warmodgenebi. xandaxan es subieqturi STabeWdilebebi<br />

imdenad naTladaa gamosaxuli, rom erTiandeba<br />

erTi siuJeturi xaziT. musikis aRqmis procesSi warmoqmnili<br />

sxvadasxva saxis TvalsaCino warmodgenebi Ziri-<br />

Tadad ganpirobebulia Tavad musikaluri nawarmoebiT,<br />

misi realuri obieqturi SinaarsiT.…g. keCxuaSvili kritikulad<br />

aanalizebs XIX saukunis asociacionisturi<br />

fsiqologiis warmomadgenlebs, romlebic miiCnevdnen,<br />

rom idealistur introspeqtul fsiqologiaSi (misi<br />

ukiduresi subieqtivizmiT), musikis Sinaarsi ganixileboda<br />

rogorc warmodgenebis jami (3:303).Gg. keCxuaSvili<br />

akritikebs idealisturi fsiqologiuri esTetikis warmomadgenlebs<br />

(k. siSori, valentaini, pficneri, reveSi<br />

da sxva), romlebic musikis specifikas eZieben calkeul<br />

fsiqiur ,,funqciebSi” da ar aRiareben musikis Sinaarsianobas.<br />

eqsperimentuli gamokvlevebis safuZvelze keCxuaSvili<br />

askvnis, rom ,,musikis bgeriTi masalis mimdinareobis<br />

paralelurad msmeneli wvdeba garkveul azrobriv<br />

mniSvnelobas, zustad imas, ris Sesaxebac unda<br />

eambna kompozitors” (3: 304).<br />

kompozitoris, Semsruleblis da msmenelis SemoqmedebiTi<br />

aqti axali informaciis dabadebaa, romelic<br />

warmoadgens emociuri da azrobrivi elementebis uwyvet<br />

jaWvs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, organizebuli wesrigis<br />

gareSe, musika xmauri iqneboda. musika, rogorc yvelaze<br />

metad ganyenebuli da yvelaze naklebad SeboWili xelovnebis<br />

sxva dargebTan SedarebiT, usazRvro SesaZleblobebs<br />

uxsnis warmodgenasa da warmosaxvas. ro-<br />

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gorc cnobilia, aRqma aqtualuri obieqturi sinamdvilis<br />

asaxvas iZleva. Mmexsierebac obieqturi sinamdvilis<br />

asaxvas gvawvdis, magram mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac<br />

masTan warsulSi gvqonia urTierToba.Ee.i. orive funqcia<br />

– aRqmaca da warmodgenac _ obieqturis, Cvengan<br />

damoukidebeli sinamdvilis asaxvas iZleva, oRond erTi<br />

– sinamdvilis im mxareebisas, romelic awmyoSi moqmedebs<br />

Cvenze, xolo meore _ imisas rasac warsulSi<br />

umoqmedia, ,,magram adamianis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan<br />

Taviseburebas isic Seadgens, rom qceva sruliad ar<br />

aris sinamdvilis am viwro ariT SezRuduli, romelic<br />

awmyosa da warsulSi mocemuliT ganisazRvreba. igi<br />

mocemulobis zRudeebs arRvevs da axal sinamdviles<br />

qmnis. Aam saSualebas mas warmosaxva, anu fantazia<br />

aZlevs”( 4: 563).<br />

e. ignatievi warmodgenas ganixilavs, rogorc warsulis<br />

gancdebisa da SegrZnebebis gacocxlebis process,<br />

xolo warmosaxvas – rogorc axali xatis warmoqmnas,<br />

rogorc axali da Zveli aRqmebis Serwymas. Cveni interesebidan<br />

gamomdinare sainteresod gvesaxeba ignatievis<br />

azri naxatis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis Tanaxmadac<br />

am procesSi mudmivad zemoqmedeben pirveli da<br />

meore sasignalo sistemebi. amasTan dakavSirebiT mkvlevari<br />

imowmebs i. pavlovis debulebas: ,,adamiani sinamdviles<br />

aRiqvams upirveles yovlisa I sasignalo sistemis<br />

saSualebiT, Semdgom sinamdviles gadascems II sasignalo<br />

sistemis (sityva, metyveleba,mecnieruli azrovneba)<br />

saSualebiT. II sasignalo sistema urTierTzemoqmedebs<br />

I_ze, gansazRvravs da azustebs warmodgenas” (5:8).<br />

aRqma musikaluri gancdis sawyisi wertilia. n. vetlugina<br />

miiCnevs, rom ,,Tu musikalur aRqmas Tan axlavs<br />

mxedvelobiTi komponentebi, maSin musikaluri gancda<br />

(kerZod ki bavSvis) ufro Rrma xdeba. Semdgom mkvlevari<br />

bavSvis fsiqologiur cxovrebaze da misi pirovnebis<br />

Camoyalibebaze musikis rolis gansazRvrisas sam Ziri-<br />

Tad faqtorze miuTiTebs:<br />

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1. bavSvis mier musikaze reagireba; musikis, rogorc<br />

cxovrebiseuli movlenis da misi xatobriv-emociuri<br />

Sinaarsis gagebis unari.<br />

2. musikis mosmenis, bgeraTa Tvisebebis dapirispirebis,<br />

konkretuli musikaluri xatebisa da musikaluri<br />

nagebobis diferencirebis unari.<br />

3. SemoqmedebiTi unaris warmoqmna bavSvSi, misi<br />

fantaziis da warmosaxvis gamoRviZeba (6 : 244).<br />

bavSvis mier musikis mosmenis procesSi udidesi yuradReba<br />

unda daeTmos saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ,,detaluri<br />

mosmenis” unaris TandaTanobiT ganviTarebas. rogorc<br />

cnobilia,Mmelodiis bgeraTsimaRlebrivi cvalebadobis<br />

warmodgena bevrad CamorCeba melodiis sxva<br />

komponentebis (tempi, dinamika, metri, ritmi) aRqmas.<br />

musikaluri xmovanebis sivrcobrivi Tvisebebis gamokvleva<br />

pirvelad XVII saukuneSi moxda.Droisa da sivrcis<br />

Sesaxeb arsebuli Sexedulebebis evoluciam gamoiwvia<br />

aRniSnuli cnebebis Taviseburi gardasaxva musikismcodneobaSi.<br />

ganixilavs ra sivrcobriv komponentebs musikis aRqmaSi,<br />

e.nazaikinski miiCnevs, rom ,,bgeraTsimaRlebrivi<br />

moZraoba iolad asocirdeba moZraobasTan sivrceSi da<br />

amitom SeiZleba warmoiSvas zogadad moZraobasTan dakavSirebuli,<br />

gansazRvruli emociuri SegrZnebebi” (7:89).<br />

musikis aRqmisas sivrcobriobis rolis analizi gansakuTrebiT<br />

mniSvnelovania musikaluri faqturis gansazRvrisaTvis.Mmusikaluri<br />

faqturis cneba TavisTavSi<br />

itevs sivrcis yvela ganzomilebas: siRrmes, vertikals,<br />

horizontals. arsebiTia sivrcobrivi SegrZnebebisa da<br />

warmodgenebis Seswavla melodiis TeoriisTvisac (xazi,<br />

naxazi, simaRle, aRmasvla, daRmasvla, naxtomi, xveuli,<br />

mobruneba da a. S.).<br />

1. bgeraTsimaRlebrivi daxasiaTeba – vertikali.<br />

2. ritmika – horizontaluri ganzomileba.<br />

3. siRrme – bgeraTa gansxvaveba dinamikisa da tembris<br />

mixedviT (7:87) sivrcobrivi SegrZnebebis nazaikinskis<br />

klasifikaciisagan gansxvavebulia Cvens mier Cata-<br />

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ebuli eqsperimentebis Sedegebis analizi, romelmac<br />

cxadyo, rom c. pirebi bgeraTsimaRlebriv mimarTulebas<br />

gadmoscemdnen horizontalSi, ritmikas – aseve horizontalSi,<br />

xolo akordul faqturas – vertikalSi. Cvens<br />

sasargeblod metyvelebs b. asafievis dakvirvebis<br />

Sedegi, rodesac is aRniSnavs, rom ,,akustikur sivrceSi<br />

vertikali amkvidrebs ramdenime tonis erTdroul xmovanebas,<br />

maSin rodesac horizontali amkvidrebs bgeraTa<br />

mimdevrobas droSi” (8: 47).<br />

XX saukuneSi droisa da sivrcis problemebis mimarT<br />

udidesma interesma wina planze wamoswia vertikalisa<br />

da horizontalis cnebebi. Sveicareli musikismcodne<br />

e. kurti Tavis naSromSi ,,musikaluri fsiqologia”<br />

ayalibebs ZiriTad debulebas musikaluri aRqmis<br />

mTlianobis Sesaxeb. kurti sivrcis musikalur fenomen-<br />

Tan dakavSirebiT dawvrilebiT ganixilavs fsiqologiur<br />

faqtebs da daaskvnis, rom ,,musikalur sivrces<br />

bevri gansxvavebuli fesvebi aqvs. sivrcobrivi da materialur-sagnobrivi<br />

SegrZnebebi musikaSi gvevlineba<br />

smenis ZiriTad funqciebad da ara fantaziis SemTxveviT<br />

warmoqmnil xatebad” (9: 116)<br />

Semdgom igi ayalibebs musikaluri sivrcis ideas,<br />

rogorc musikaluri aRqmis, SegrZnebebisa da warmodgenebis<br />

sivrces. Mmis naSromSi naklebad misaRebad miviCnevT<br />

im monakveTs, rodesac avtori musikas xelovnebis<br />

srul avtonomiur dargad miiCnevs, riTac uaryofs mis<br />

kavSirs adamianis cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan. aanalizebs<br />

ra musikaluri nawarmoebis ganviTarebas da mis<br />

aRqmas, e. kurti gverds uvlis Janrul problemas, musikis<br />

enisa da formis komunikaciur ganpirobebulobas,<br />

musikisa da metyvelebis intonaciur kavSirebs, musikalur<br />

semantikas. Aamave dros, mniSvnelovania e. kurtis<br />

mier musikaluri nawarmoebis ganviTarebis da misi<br />

aRqmis Taobaze gamoTqmuli mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac<br />

igi am process miiCnevs ,,idealuri energiis, rogorc<br />

aseTis gamovlinebad, romelic ganivrcoba musika-<br />

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lur imanentur sivrceSi da miaRwevs (gadalaxavs) bgeriTi<br />

masalis grZnobiT mocemulobas” (9: 136).<br />

kurtisagan gansxvavebiT, b. teplovis azriT musikis<br />

aRqma mTeli Tavisi siRrmiTa da SinaarsiT SesaZlebelia<br />

mxolod sxva, musikis gareT arsebuli Semecnebis<br />

saSualebaTa konteqstSi.<br />

mxatvruli Semoqmedebis procesSi udidesi roli<br />

akisria smenasa da mxedvelobas. esTetikurad pirvel<br />

rigSi es ori organo iTvleba. mxolod maTi saSualebiT<br />

SeiZleba xelovnebis ZiriTadi dargebis – mxatvrobisa<br />

da musikis gancda.MmxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT is<br />

faqti, rom STagoneba, inspiracia - mxatvruli Semoqmedebis<br />

II safexuria, romelsac win uswrebs wina, masalis<br />

dagrovebis (daJinebiTi, energiuli dakvirvebis) safexuri.<br />

d.DuznaZis Teoriis Tanaxmad, ,,yvelaferi es sakmaod<br />

advili gasagebi iqneboda Tu movigonebdiT, rom<br />

mxatvrul Semoqmedebas ganwyoba udevs safuZvlad. igi<br />

wina periodSi mzaddeba, da rodesac igi garkveulia,<br />

cnobierebaSi erTbaSad iCens Tavs. erTbaSad imitom,<br />

rom ganwyoba cnobierebis fenomens ar warmoadgens” (10:<br />

601).<br />

v. meduSevski farTod ganixilavs musikalur aRqmaSi<br />

ganwyobis kanonzomierebebis moqmedebas. is gamoyofs<br />

aqsiologiur (Semfaseblur) da Secnobad ganwyobas.<br />

1.aqsiologiuri warmoadgens msmenelis musikasTan,<br />

rogorc socialur movlenasTan, Sexebis Sedegad warmoqmnil<br />

Semfaseblur kriteriumebs. igi gansazRvravs<br />

musikaluri nawarmoebisadmi msmenelis zogad damokidebulebas,<br />

romelic moswons mas, an piriqiT, ar Seesabameba<br />

mis warmodgenas kargi musikis Sesaxeb 2. ,,Secnobad”<br />

ganwyobaSi ZiriTadad igulisxmeba msmenelis kompleqsuri<br />

codna nawarmoebSi gamoyenebuli musikaluri<br />

enis Sesaxeb.<br />

am kompleqsis codna msmenels saSualebas aZlevs Seadaros<br />

mosmenili nawarmoebi Tavisi gamocdilebiT nacnob<br />

stilTan, gamoicnos melodiis moZraobis mimar-<br />

Tuleba, kilo-tonaluri gegma. rac Seexeba sivrcobriv<br />

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komponentebs musikis aRqmaSi: bgeraTsimaRlebrivi moZraoba<br />

iolad asocirdeba sivrceSi moZraobasTan da<br />

amitom badebs garkveul emociur SegrZnebebs, romlebic<br />

dakavSirebulia zogadad moZraobasTan (11;87).<br />

intermodaluri erTianobis ganwyobis saerToobis<br />

fsiqologiur safuZvlebs ikvlevdnen d. uznaZis skolis<br />

qarTveli mimdevrebi: r. naTaZe, n. tabiZe, g. keCxuaSvili<br />

da sxva mecnierebi. ganwyobis kanonzonzomierebebs Seiswavlidnen:<br />

p. anoxini, n. bernStaini, e. sokolovi, e.<br />

nazaikinski, v. meduSevski da sxvebi.<br />

ganwyoba fsiqikis mTlianpirovnuli mdgomareobaa,<br />

romelic damokidebulia moTxovnilebaze, samoqmedo<br />

amocanaze da garemo pirobaze. rodesac adamianis winaSe<br />

garkveuli mizani isaxeba, am miznis misaRwevad ama<br />

Tu im qmedebis Sesrulebis aucilebloba warmoiSveba.Ddasaxuli<br />

amocanis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad da<br />

moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad fsiqikis yvela meqanizmi<br />

amoqmeddeba: Sesabamisad ewyoba SegrZnebis yvela<br />

organo, muskulatura, orientirebis sistemebi. ganwyoba<br />

momavali qmedebis xasiaTs gansazRvravs, amzadebs organizms<br />

maT Sesasruleblad.<br />

musikaluri aRqmis procesis ganxilvisas umniSvnelovanesia<br />

maxsovrobis – rogorc musikaluri azrovnebis<br />

sistemis mniSvnelovani komponentis warmoCena.Aam sakiTxis<br />

ganxilvisas Tezisis formas iZens b. asafievis<br />

sityvebi: ,,maxsovrobis gavarjiSebis gareSe ar arsebobs<br />

musikaluri aRqma da musikaluri kulturis evolucia”<br />

(8:79). msmenelis aRqmaSi musikaluri nawarmoebis mxatvruli<br />

Sinaarsis Secnobisas intonacia gvevlineba procesis<br />

sawyis momentad. cnobiereba erTgvarad ,,acocxlebs”<br />

intonaciur sistemas msmenelis mier dagrovili<br />

musikaluri gamocdilebis Sesabamisad. Tavis mxriv, musikaluri<br />

maxsovroba gansazRvravs im intonaciur fonds,<br />

romlis safuZvelzec xdeba mosmenili musikis intonaciuri<br />

modelis mTlianobaSi gaazreba.<br />

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gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />

1. Wellek A. Musikpsychologie und Musikasthetik. Frankfurt am Main.<br />

1963.<br />

2. Римсккий- Корсаков Н. А. Литературные произведения и переписка.<br />

М., Музыка .1981.<br />

3. Кечхуашвилии Г. Н. К проблеме психологии восприятия музыки. В<br />

кн.: Вопросы музыкознания. Т. Ш. М.., Музгиз. 1960.<br />

4. uznaZe d. n. Sromebi, III_IV t. zogadi fsiqologia. Tb.,<br />

saqarTvelos saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia. 1964.<br />

5. Игнатьев Е.И.. О некоторых особенностях изучения представлений<br />

и воображения. Изв. АПН РСФСР. Вып.76. М., 1956.<br />

6. Ветлугина Н. А. Музыкальное развитие ребенка. М., Просвещение.<br />

1968.<br />

7. Назайкинский Е. В. О психологии музыкального восприятия . М.,<br />

Музыка. 1982.<br />

8. Асафьев Б. В. Музыкальная форма как процесс. Л., Музыка. 1971.<br />

9. Kurth E. Musikpsychologie. Berlin. 1931.<br />

10. uznaZe d. n. Sromebi. VI t. fsiqologiis eqsperimentuli<br />

safuZvlebi. ganwyobis fsiqologiis ZiriTadi debulebebi.<br />

Tb., saq. mecn., akademia. 1977.<br />

11. Медушевский В.В. Cтроение музыкального произведения в связи с его<br />

направленностью на слушателя. Диссертация.( Рукопись). 1970.<br />

K. Gogoladze<br />

Towards of musikal perception<br />

Summary<br />

The author’s theoretical presentations has disciplinary value, shown<br />

the influence mechanisms in structure polymodal activity. The secondary<br />

sentations as of the author’s investigation always mounting determinancy<br />

primary images and in the first place related with them.<br />

Shown in the priority auditory principle’s in system of visualauditory<br />

coordination in conditions of music, the author opens the<br />

possibility for study the types of interdependence between the<br />

components sensory-perceptional sphere.<br />

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ana dumbaZe<br />

harmonia, rogorc<br />

musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi<br />

saSualeba musikaluri<br />

xelovnebis evoluciis<br />

procesSi<br />

harmonia, musikosebisaTvis ase nacnobi da aucilebeli<br />

termini, sxvadasxva aspeqtSi SeiZleba gaviazroT.<br />

misi warmoSoba-damkvidrebis istoria sakmaod xangrZlivia.<br />

statiis mizani am SemTxvevaSi aris xazi gavusva<br />

misi, rogorc mecnierebis daniSnulebas, magram amave<br />

dros yuradReba minda gavamaxvilo harmoniis warmo-<br />

Sobis da ganviTarebis sakiTxebze. Cven, musikis Teoretikosebs,<br />

ZiriTadad yuradReba mimarTuli gvaqvs harmoniis,<br />

rogorc musikis Teoriis mniSvnelovani nawilis<br />

Seswavlaze. sxvadasxva avtoris (tiulini, miasoedovi,<br />

grigorievi, sposobini) Seqmnil SromebSi, rogorc wesi,<br />

arcTu didi adgili eTmoba harmoniis Camoayalibebis<br />

istorias da mis musikalur xelovnebaSi damkvidrebis<br />

sakiTxs. naSromTa umravlesoba saswavlo praqtikuli<br />

daniSnulebisaa da maTSi gansakuTrebuli datvirTva<br />

eniWeba harmoniis klasicistur epoqaSi Camoyalibebul<br />

gagebas. amitomac wlebis ganmavlobaSi saswavlo procesSi<br />

prioritetuli gaxldaT harmoniis praqtikuli<br />

kursi, riTac xdeboda misi, rogorc mecnierebis arsis<br />

daknineba da eTgvarad amovardna sxva musikaluri mecnierebebis<br />

konteqstidan. droTa ganmavlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />

ukanasknel wlebSi, saswavlo procesSi CarTvis<br />

Semdeg harmoniam TiTqmis dakarga semantikuri daniSnuleba<br />

da lamis praqtikuli savarjiSos funqcia SeiZina.<br />

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SesaZloa es Zalze gadaWriT naTqvamad mogveCvenos, magram<br />

gamocdileba gvaCvenebs, rom Tu swori gziT ar<br />

warvmarTeT am sagnis Seswavla, Sedegi ar iqneba sasurveli.<br />

am TvalsazrisiT gamonakliss warmoadgens musikis<br />

esTetikis cnobili mkvlevaris v. Sestakovis naSromi,<br />

romelic uSualod harmoniis istoriis da esTetikis<br />

sakiTxebs exeba. sxvaTa Soris, am naSromis qarTul<br />

enaze Targmna did sargeblobas moutanda qarTul<br />

musikalur mecnierebas. ar SeiZleba ar davasaxeloT am<br />

bolo xans Seqmnili i. JRentis (1) saxelmZRvanelo,<br />

romelic kidev erTi dasturia harmoniis istoriis gansakuTrebuli<br />

daniSnulebisa, radgan am naSromSi Tanabar<br />

sibrtyezea warmoCenili harmoniis istoriuli da<br />

Teoriuli aspeqtebi.<br />

sazogadod, harmonia yvela droSi mSvenieris, simetriulobis<br />

da simwyobris Sesatyvisia. Tavidan es termini<br />

farTo daniSnulebiT gamoiyeneboda, yvelaferi<br />

harmoniuli mSvenierebis da silamazis CarCoSi moiazreboda.<br />

magaliTad, rogorc cnobilia, antikur saberZneT-<br />

Si samyaros aRqma da gaazreba, mas (samyaros) unaklo,<br />

mSvenierebis matarebel substanciad warmoadgenda. samyaros<br />

dialeqtikuri gagebas yvelaze metad termini<br />

harmonia Seefarda. miTologiis mixedviTac, harmonia<br />

radikalurad gansxvavebuli sawyisis matarebeli Rmer-<br />

Tebis _ omis RmerTis aresis da siyvarulis qal-<br />

RmerTis afrodites qaliSvilia. rogorc vxedavT, masSi<br />

xdeba ori dapirispirebuli arsis gaerTianeba, ris Semdegac<br />

es termini dapirispirebuli sawyisebis dialeqtikur<br />

erTianobas gulisxmobs. samyaros ganuyoflobis<br />

idea im periodSi, gansakuTrebiT ki piTagorasa da misi<br />

mimdevrebis moRvaweobaSi Zalze aqtualuri iyo. maT interesis<br />

obieqti mTeli samyaros kosmiuri agebulebis<br />

Taviseburebebi gaxldaT. adamianic, rogorc bunebis<br />

gvirgvini, ganisazRvreboda misi Semadgeneli ori mTavari<br />

arsis harmoniuli TanafardobiT (10, 46). gavixsenoT<br />

cnobili gamoTqma ,,lamaz sxeulSi lamazi sulia”.<br />

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antikur saberZneTSi harmonia musikas daukavSirda<br />

imdenad, ramdenadac musika gaxldaT samyaros mniSvnelovani<br />

nawili da, Sesabamisad, misi Secnobis erT-erTi<br />

saSualeba.<br />

sagulisxmoa, rom harmonia ZvelberZnul poeziaSi,<br />

kerZod, homerosis ,,iliadaSi” ,,mSvidobisa da Tanxmobis”<br />

sinonimia, xolo ,,odiseaSi” _ im lursmnis mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs, romliTac odisevsma aago xomaldi (10, 55).<br />

e.i. ukve am SemTxvevaSi am terminma mTelis agebis funqcia,<br />

formaqmnadi, ufro zustad ki, praqtikuli datvirTva<br />

SeiZina. am martivi da cnobili magaliTebis safuZvelze<br />

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom harmoniis dRevandeli<br />

gageba (Tundac musikaluri) safuZvels iRebs antikuri<br />

epoqidan.<br />

rogorc kidev erTxel davinaxeT, harmoniis arsi sazogadod<br />

gacilebiT Rrmaa, vidre misi musikaluri gageba<br />

da is Seesabameba antikuri periodis yvela sabunebismetyvelo<br />

mecnierebas.<br />

aqve SeiZleba CamovayaliboT harmoniis im periodisaTvis<br />

Sesabamisi ganmarteba: berZnuli sityva ,,harmonia”<br />

(Tanxmoba, kavSiri, wesrigi) gulisxmobs sxvadasxva<br />

dapirispirebul elementTa Serwymas, erTianobas.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, Zveli berZnebisTvis ucxo iyo<br />

mravalxmianoba da am termins wminda musikaluri TavlsazrisiT<br />

ukavSirebdnen gamis tonebis intervalur mimarTebas.<br />

Zveli berZnuli musikis Teoria harmonias gansazRvravs,<br />

rogorc ori tetraqqordis SeerTebas horizontalSi<br />

(10, 23).<br />

harmoniis, rogorc musikaluri xelovnebis aucilebeli<br />

nawilis daniSnuleba mravalxmianobis warmo-<br />

SobasTan erTad ikveTeba. evropul musikalur kulturaSi<br />

mravalplastiani nazrovnebis, e.i. monodiidan<br />

mravalxmianobaze gadasvlis Semdeg am terminma sxva<br />

daniSnuleba SeiZina. am periodidan misi Camoyalibebis<br />

procesSi mkafiod gamoixateba svla elementarulidan<br />

rTulisaken. Suesaukuneebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT harmoniis<br />

Camoyalibebis istoriaSi gardamaval etapad.<br />

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mravalxmianobis adreul periodSi IX-X saukuneebSi<br />

paraleluri moZraobidan kvartul-kvinturi (organumi),<br />

terciebiT (gimeli) da paraleluri seqstakordebiT<br />

(foburdoni) moZraobaSi ukve devs harmoniis Tanamedrove<br />

gagebis winapiroba. am droidan nawarmoebis<br />

Seqmna, rogorc aRniSnaven, samyaros rTuli mTlianobis<br />

asaxvis mcdelobasTan igivdeba. Tumca harmonia e.w.<br />

,,carieli xmovanebebis” Tanmimdevrobaa mxolod. rogorc<br />

cnobilia, akordis cneba jer kidev ar aris Camoyalibebuli<br />

da funqcionalobac mxolod miniSnebulia.<br />

harmoniis elementaruli kanonzomierebis dadgena SesaZlebeli<br />

gaxda mas Semdeg roca xmaTa horizontaluri<br />

ganviTarebis da vertikalis urTierTmimarTebaSi sivrcobrivi<br />

koordinacia gamoikveTa.<br />

am periodSi, modaluri azrovnebis fonze, harmonia<br />

Tavis TavSi moicavs kilour kanonzomierebebs, ufro<br />

zustad am kanonzomierebebis safuZvelze yalibdeba. is<br />

warmoadgens musikaluri Tanxmovanebebis logikur<br />

jaWvs, riTac xazi esmeba kilour mizidulobebs (5,33).<br />

am kuTxiT ukve fiqsirdeba misi, rogorc formis Semqmneli<br />

elementis arsebobis aucilebloba.<br />

SuasaukuneebSi Seqmnilma paralelurma organumma<br />

warmoSva Taviseburad saintereso fonuri efeqtebi, romelic<br />

miRweuli iyo ara marto paraleluri oqtavebis,<br />

kvintebis an kvartebis saxiT, aramed bazisuri xmebis<br />

gaormagebiT. am periodis musikalur magaliTebSi yuradRebas<br />

ipyrobs aramarto xmaTa sawinaaRmdego moZraobis<br />

siWarbe da xmaTa gadajvaredineba, rac polifo<br />

niuri azrovnebis maCvenebelia. sainteresoa terciis<br />

Tavisufali gamoyeneba. aseve terciebis paralelizmi<br />

kadansSi, radgan im droisTvis tercia disonansad<br />

iTvleboda.<br />

musikaluri azrovnebaSi seriozul gardatexad iTvleba<br />

notr-damis skolis kompozitorebis leoninisa da<br />

perotinis moRvaweoba. maT SemoqmedebaSi Cndeba sami da<br />

oTxxmiani Tanxmovanebebis Semcveli organumebi (imdrois<br />

yvelaze mniSvnelovani Janri). perotinis erT-erT<br />

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organumSi ,,aliluia” yuradRebas iqcevs metad uCveulo<br />

disonansur TanxmovanebaTa gamoyenebis mxriv, rac dasawyisi<br />

xmovanebiTac aris xazgasmuli.Mmiuxedavad amisa,<br />

goTuri mravalxmianoba, romelic gansazRvravs Suasaukuneebis<br />

da Semdgomi periodis nimuSebs, mainc vertikalze<br />

(akorduli faqtura) horizontalis (melodiuri<br />

ganviTareba) piroritetiT gamoirCeva (3,75). es aris<br />

sufTa kontrapunqtis, linearuli azrovnebis Semcveli<br />

qmnilebebis epoqa.<br />

amdenad, XIII saukunemde jer kidev ar arsebobs wminda<br />

harmoniuli faqtura. xmaTa horizontaluri moZraoba<br />

gansazRvravs nawarmoebis formisqmnadobis Taviseburebebs.<br />

gamonaklisia kadansuri nageboba, iqamde ki,<br />

rogorc aRniSnaven, am Tanxmovanebebi mxolod fonuri<br />

funqciis matarebelia. sayrdens qmnis da metrul-ritmuli<br />

maxvili modis unisonze, kvartaze, kvintasa da<br />

kvintoqtavaze. rogorc aRvniSneT, akordis cneba jer<br />

Camoyalibebuli ar aris, gamoiyeneba e.w. ,,monointervaluri”<br />

da ,,poliintervaluri” Tanxmovanebebi.<br />

cnobili Teoretikosi rimani werda: ,,Suasaukuneebis<br />

harmonia aRniSnavs akords, bgeraTSeTanxmebas, erTmane-<br />

TTan Sinaganad dakavSirebuli tonebis erTdroul<br />

Serwymas” (4, 155).<br />

ratom hqonda aRniSnul epoqaSi harmonias aseTi<br />

saxe Suasaukuneebis musikas ar sWirdeba gansakuTrebuli<br />

gamomsaxveli xerxebis Zieba. Suasaukuneebis xelovnebaSi<br />

da, bunebrivia, musikaSi RvTaebrivi mudmivi, maradiuli<br />

silamazis ideaa warmmarTveli. adamiani saeklesio<br />

kulturis ganuyofeli nawilia. amitom ar aris gamokveTili<br />

kompozitorTa individualuri weris manera.<br />

Sesabamisad musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi sistema jer<br />

kidev ar aris Camoyalibebuli da harmonias, rogorc<br />

musikaluri mTelis Semadgeneli nawils, mokrZalebuli<br />

funqcia aqvs. Tavisi praqtikuli daniSnulebidan da Sinaarsidan<br />

gamomdinare musika mkacri da TavSekavebulia<br />

nebismieri improvizaciuli gamovlinebebis miuxedavad.<br />

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harmoniis gageba rTuldeba faqturis garTulebas-<br />

Tan erTad, roca rTuldeba tonebis registruli ganlageba,<br />

tembruli komponentebi mravalferovani xdeba.<br />

e.i. harmoniuli funqcia myardeba da Zlierdeba, roca<br />

saWiro xdeba rTuli musikaluri masalis droSi organizacia.<br />

XIV saukuneSi frangul da italiur kulturaSi,<br />

kerZod, giiom de maSosa da franCesko landinos SemoqmedebaSi<br />

ikveTeba akorduli faqturis niSnebi, ukve<br />

vxvdebiT samxmovanebisa da seqstakordebis gamoyenebis<br />

magaliTebsac (4,137).<br />

mravalxmiani kulturis Sesabamisad, harmoniis ganviTarebis<br />

axali etapi ukavSirdeba renesansis epoqis<br />

dadgomas. e.w. ars nova-dan iwyeba axali skolebis da<br />

stilis Camoyalibeba. mravalxmian faqturaSi vertikalis<br />

axleburi aRqma ikveTeba. renesansis epoqaSi xelovnebis,<br />

sazogadod azrovnebis centrSi adamiani dgas.<br />

adamianis daniSnuleba antikuri epoqis Sesatyvisi xdeba,<br />

Tumca mis SesaZleblobebze ufro didi warmodgena<br />

iqmneba.<br />

renesansis epoqis dasawyisSi XIV s. niderlandeli<br />

kompozitoris iohanes Cikonias SemoqmedebaSi Tanxmovaneba<br />

damoukidebeli movlena xdeba. zogierTi misi nawarmoebi<br />

Tavidan bolomde harmoniuli azrovnebis nimuSia.<br />

sazogadod, mkacri stilis musikaSi, niderlandeli<br />

kompozitorebis qmnilebebSi damoukidebeli Tanxmovanebebis<br />

saxiT Cndeba konsonirebuli akordebi – maJoruli<br />

da minoruli samxmovanebebi, maJoruli, minoruli<br />

da Semcirebuli seqstakordebi da orxmovanebebi (tercia,<br />

kvinta, seqsta) erT-erTi bgeris gaormagebiT. disonansebi<br />

warmoiqmnebian melodiuri bgerebis – gamvleli,<br />

damxmare an Sekavebis Sedegad da gadawydebian konsonansebSi,<br />

saerTod disonansi konsonansebis garemocvaSia.<br />

renesansul musikaSi harmoniuli azrovneba mainc<br />

ar sWarbobs linearuls, magram Suasaukuneebis vertikalTan<br />

SedarebiT ufro mTliani da konsonirebuli.<br />

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XVI saukunidan musikaluri xelovnebis winaSe axali<br />

moTxovnebi Cndeba, diatonuri azrovneba maJor-minoruliT<br />

Seicvala. am periodidan iwyeba harmoniis Camoyalibeba.<br />

musikaluri formis ageba mwyobri, proporciuli<br />

principiT daiwyo. musikaluri xelovnebaSi ucvlel<br />

formad Camoyalibda solo simRera TanxlebiT, sadac<br />

gamokveTili iyo vertikali Tavisi harmoniuli TanmimdevrobiT.<br />

XVI saukunidan monteverdis da misi mimdevrebis<br />

SemoqmedebaSi aqtiur da damoukidebel daniSnulebas<br />

iZens dominantseptakordi (D 7 ), dominantnonakordi (D 9 )<br />

da sxva disonansuri Tanxmovanebebi. maTi gamoyeneba<br />

gardauvali gaxda, radgan operaSi gmirTa individualuri<br />

gancdis asaxva iyo saWiro. dominanturi jgufis<br />

septakordebis xSiri gamoyenebiT dasabami eZleva Tanxmovanebebis<br />

funqciur diferencirebas.<br />

XVI saukunis musikalur-Teoriuli azris erT-erTi<br />

yvelaze mniSvnelovani warmomadgenelis jozefo carlinos<br />

mixedviT, samyaro Tavad harmoniaa (igive mosazreba<br />

arsebobda antikur epoqaSi). musika gansakuTrebul<br />

harmoniul datvirTvas iZens. carlinos azriT, musikis<br />

Semqmneli homo universale-a, romelsac aqvs sruli<br />

ganaTleba, kargad flobs geometrias, ariTmetikas,<br />

gramatikas, dialeqtikas, ritorikas, istorias. sxva<br />

SemTxvevaSi mas ar aqvs musikis Seqmnis ufleba (3,157).<br />

XVII saukunidan miRebulia harmoniaze, rogorc mecnierebaze<br />

saubari, radgan am periodisaTvis is ukve<br />

sabolood moiazreba musikaluri nawarmoebis formisqmnad<br />

saSualebad. is aqtiur monawileobas Rebulobs<br />

musikaluri mTelis SeqmnaSi. akordebis funqcionaluri<br />

harmoniuli jaWvi aerTianebs da kravs nawarmoebs.<br />

am periodis kompozitorTa qmnilebebSi harmoniuli<br />

funqciebi aSkarad gamokveTilia, es gansakuTrebulad<br />

gamoixateba damabolovebel mimoqcevebSi _ kadansebSi.<br />

harmoniuli funqcionalizmis CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovan<br />

rols asrulebs melodiuri svla II da VII safexuridan<br />

I safexurisken (7, 157). es melodiuri dabolo-<br />

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vebebi arsebiTi struqturuli cvlilebebiT ar gamoir-<br />

Ceva, magram am konteqstSi axal azrobriv datvirTvas<br />

iZens.<br />

XVII saukuneSi harmoniis kanonzomierebebs ikvlevda<br />

Jan filip ramo (1683-1784). man Teoriulad ganazogada<br />

terciuli wyoba, akordebis Sebruneba, manve Semoitana<br />

,,harmoniuli centris’’ (tonika) gageba, gansazRvra<br />

dominanturi da gansakuTrebiT subdominanturi funqciebis<br />

roli. man akordi gansazRvra, rogorc erTi mTliani<br />

da ara intervalebis gama. cnobilia, rom ramo<br />

harmonias aniWebda prioritetul rols, Tvlida, rom<br />

harmonia, da ara melodia, aris musikis safuZveli (4,<br />

275). am Tvalsazriss ewinaaRmdegebodnen frangi enciklopedistebi,<br />

gansakuTrebiT Jan-Jak ruso, romelic<br />

melodias aniWebda upiratesobas harmoniasTan SedarebiT<br />

(iqve).<br />

imave periodSi domeniko skarlatis (1685-1715) SemoqmedebaSi<br />

mkvidrdeba kvartul-terciuli wyobis da<br />

sekunduri Sefardebis akordebis urTierTmimarTeba.<br />

xolo arqanjelo korelis (1653-1713) nawarmoebebi maJorul-minoruli<br />

sistemis safuZvelze iqmneba.<br />

es epoqa, XVII saukune klasicizmis, racionalizmis<br />

da emociis gawonasworebis winapirobaa.Harmonia, ukve<br />

regulatoris funqcias asrulebs. nawarmoebis agebis<br />

dros ikveTeba vertikali, romelic awesrigebs melodiuri<br />

xazis moZraobas. musikaSi racionalizmis erT-erTi<br />

pirveli gamovlinebaa general-bani - baso continuo, romelic,<br />

erTi mxriv, awesrigebs Tanxmovanebebis urTierTmimarTebas,<br />

meore mxriv ki, ar zRudavs Semsruleblis<br />

mier figuraciebis gamoyenebas.<br />

hendelis da baxis SemoqmedebaSi harmonia melodiursaxeobrivi<br />

samyaros avsebs. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa<br />

vokalur-instrumentul qmnilebebSi harmoniis tembrulkolorituli<br />

funqcia, rac manamdeli musikisaTvis naklebad<br />

iyo damaxasiaTebeli. baxis harmoniuli azrovneba<br />

imdenad mravalferovania, rom sposobinis azriT,<br />

venis klasikosTa SemoqmedebaSi harmoniam baxTan SedarebiT<br />

ukan daixia (7, 200). es, bunebrivia, ase ar aris,<br />

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adgan venis klasikosTa SemoqmedebaSi moxda harmoniuli<br />

saSualebebis gadarCeva maTi funqcionaluri gansazRvrulobis<br />

Sesabamisad. sainteresoa, rom funqcionaloba<br />

venis klasikosTa didi formis nawarmoebebSi<br />

(mag. sonaturi forma) did dacilebaze iCens Tavs.<br />

venis klasikosTa - haidnis, mocartis da beThovenis<br />

musikis harmoniuli safuZveli gamoixateba kilouri<br />

urTierTmimarTebis centralizaciiT, kilos yvela meryevi<br />

elementis myarze daeqvemdebarebiT. gansakuTrebuli<br />

mniSvneloba am sami kompozitoris SemoqmedebaSi<br />

avTenturma mimoqcevebma SeiZina. dominantis urTierToba<br />

tonikasTan gamoirCeva maqsimaluri mkafioebiT. es imdenad<br />

mniSvnelovania, rom zogjer mTeli Tema mxolod<br />

or akordzea agebuli, mag. D 7 -T 35 (169 gv. sposobini).<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom dominantas imdenad didi datvirTva<br />

aqvs, rom subdominanta kadansur saqcevamde arc ki<br />

Cndeba. avTenturi mimoqcevis xSiri gamoyeneba rasakvirvelia,<br />

ar aris harmoniuli fantaziis siRaribis niSani,<br />

aq gvxvdeba varirebis niSnebi, rac mniSvnelovnad amdidrebs<br />

faqturas. Tumca mocartisa da haidnisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />

beThovenTan mniSvnelovnad izrdeba subdominantis<br />

roli. #14 da #23 safortepiano sonatebSi neapoluri<br />

septakordi laitharmoniis rolSi gvevlineba.<br />

venis klasikosTa harmonia mkveTrad reglamentirebulia,<br />

magram atarebs udides Sinagan dinamikas da<br />

gadamwyveti roli aqvs formisqmnadobis procesSi.<br />

XIX saukuneSi izrdeba harmoniis, rogorc gamomsaxveli<br />

saSualebis, roli. misi meSveobiT xorcieldeba<br />

faqizi, fsiqologiuri grZnobebis asaxva. romantikosebTan<br />

aqcentirebulia ara gamaerTianebeli, ganzogadebuli<br />

sawyisebi, aramed mkveTrad individualuri, originaluri.<br />

romantikosebis qmnilebebSi erTmaneTs erwymis funqcionaloba<br />

da koloriti. gamomsaxveli saSualebebis<br />

garTulebasTan erTad Sesustebulia funqcionaluri<br />

kontrastebi. Tu venis klasikosebTan cvalebadi funqciebis<br />

akordebi aZliereben ZiriTadi funqciebis moqmedebas,<br />

XIX saukuneSi iniRbeba akordTa funqciuri bu-<br />

155

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neba. harmoniuli enis garTuleba vlindeba ara marto<br />

rTul, aramed iseT martiv formaSi, rogoricaa periodi.<br />

am mxriv sainteresoa Sopenis preludia #9 E-dur,<br />

sadac kompozitori mimarTavs tonaluri gadaxrebis<br />

urTules gegmas.<br />

feradovani harmoniis roli gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania<br />

XIX saukunis bolodan, impresionistebis<br />

(klod debiusi, moris raveli) SemoqmedebaSi. ,,kilos da<br />

akordikis” feradovneba maTTan dakavSirebulia musikis<br />

funqcionalur da ritmul amorfulobasTan, harmoniis<br />

dinamiur da formisqmnadi mniSvnelobis SesustebasTan.<br />

rogorc vxedavT, harmonia rTuli da araerTsaxovani<br />

movlenaa. am SemTxvevaSi SemovifargleT misi<br />

mxolod erTi nawilis, akorduli Tanxmovanebebis Camoayalibebis<br />

istoriuli procesis CvenebiT. marTalia,<br />

akordis da harmoniis gageba urTierTmimarTebaSia, magram<br />

es gageba ar aris identuri da ar amowuravs harmoniis<br />

arss. amitom, vfiqrob harmoniis, rogorc komleqsuri<br />

gamomsaxveli saSualebebis evoluciis procesis<br />

Cveneba, sazogadod, musikaluri kulturis ganviTarebis<br />

paralelurad unda ganixilebodes.<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />

1. JRenti i., leqciebi harmoniaSi. Tb., 2005.<br />

2. Бершадская Т. Лекции по гармонии. М., 1971.<br />

3. Евдокимова Ю. История полифонии. Учебник гармонии. М., 1983.<br />

4. Ливанова Т. История западноевропейской музыки. М., 1983.<br />

5. Мюллер Т. Гармония. М., 1982.<br />

6. Мясоедов Н. Учебник гармонии. М., 1983.<br />

7. Способин Лекции по гармонии. . М., 1981<br />

8. Тюлин Ю. Учебние о гармонии. М., 1966.<br />

9. Холопов Ю. Гармония. Теоретический курс. М., 1988<br />

10. Шестаков В., Гармония как эстетическая категория. М., 1973.<br />

11. Этингер М. Раннекласическая гармония. М., Л., 1979.<br />

156

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A. Dumbadze<br />

Harmony as a form of expressing the music in the evolution process<br />

of the and music<br />

Summery<br />

Harmony is a difficulf and unsimilar prosess. It is a simbol of<br />

wonderfulness, simetries and order. The function of harmony as an<br />

inevitable part of art of music was conncted with the appearing of<br />

polyphoni. In the article are orderly shown the aspects of the history of<br />

harmony and theory. There is shown the historical process of formation<br />

of the chordiny consents.<br />

157

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xaTuna niniZe<br />

Semoqmedebis Tavisuflebis<br />

problema<br />

(rixard<br />

Strausis magaliTze<br />

iTze)<br />

Semoqmedis Tavisuflebis problema yvela epoqaSi<br />

aqtualuri iyo. es problema ufro metad gamZafrebuli<br />

Cans XX saukuneSi. Cven viciT, rom am epoqaSi evropis,<br />

germaniisa da avstriis sulieri atmosfero Zalze<br />

unugeSo, kerZod, SiSiT daTrgunuli iyo, msoflio<br />

omebis, socialuri katastrofebis, politikuri da<br />

ekonomiuri krizisebis fonze Camoyalibda.<br />

gasagebia, rom adamianebisaTvis aseT samyaroSi<br />

cxovreba yovlad autaneli iyo, Zveleburad cxovrebis<br />

gagrZeleba SeuZlebeli xdeboda da gamosavals isini<br />

tradiciuli msoflmxedvelobrivi sistemis demontaJSi<br />

xedavdnen. nihilizmiT daavadebuli adamiani unda ganikurnos,<br />

ambobs nicSe, anu gaufasurebuli Rirebulebulebis<br />

nacvlad axali, jansaRi sicocxlis Sesatyvisi<br />

Rirebulebani unda damkvidrdnen. nicSes azriT, es<br />

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi moxdeba, Tu adamiani daZlevs<br />

sakuTar Tavs da axali sulieri samyaros Semoqmedi<br />

gaxdeba. xsna, amdenad, adamianma sakuTar TavSi unda<br />

eZios.<br />

nicSe miiCnevs, rom TviTon qristianobaSia Cadebuli<br />

principi, romelzec dayrdnobiTac man Tavisi Tavi unda<br />

gadalaxos. es principia simarTlismoyvareoba. simarTlis<br />

moyvare qristiani sabolood Tavisi moZRvrebis<br />

uaryofamde unda mivides, radgan es moZRvreba sinamdvileSi<br />

adamianis arsis winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli. roca<br />

adamiani am mdgomareobas gaacnobierebs, is sakuTari<br />

158

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arsebis kvlav mopovebisaTvis, anu ukan dabrunebisaTvis<br />

brZolas daiwyebs, rac, pirvel rigSi, tradiciuli<br />

Rirebulebebis msxvreviT unda moxdes. mokled, suli<br />

sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg amboxs iwyebs. adamianis suli<br />

amjerad dakarguli Tavisuflebis ukan dabrunebas<br />

cdilobs da Tavisi qmedebis winandel princips _ ,,Sen<br />

movale xar’’ _ axali principiT cvlis: ,,me ase msurs’’.<br />

amrigad, adamianis sulSi didi gardasaxva moxda: ,,undas’’<br />

principi srulebiT uaryofil iqna da mis nacvlad<br />

Tavisufali msoflmxedveloba dafuZnda (3, gv.100-101).<br />

gabriel episkoposi ambobs: ,,cnobilia, rom gasaWiri<br />

sulSi mousvenrobas badebs, mousvenroba aRZravs dakmayofilebisken<br />

ltolvas, anu miswrafebas; neba ki aris<br />

sulis gadawyvetileba, garkveulad imoZraos, anda<br />

garkveuli moqmedebis dasawyisi”. albaT aucileblobiT<br />

aris SemoqmedisTvis nakarnaxevi ganusazRvrelis warmodgena,<br />

e.i. Tavisufali azrovneba, moZraoba cnobierebis<br />

formebSi da sakuTari mxatvruli Semoqmedebis<br />

gansazRvra. ,,Tavisufleba moqmedebaa, ganxorcielebaa<br />

nebisa, azrisa, grZnobisa” _ gveubneba vaJa fSavela (2,<br />

gv 78).<br />

evropaSi aRiarebuli mkvlevaris _ rezo yaralaSvilis<br />

gamonaqvamiT, ,,rodesac arsebuli civilizacia<br />

amowuravs sakuTar SesaZleblobebs, swored maSin wamoyofen<br />

Tavs manamde akrZaluli vnebebi da mTel samyaros<br />

walekviT emuqrebian. isini ar cnoben avtoritetebs,<br />

ugulebelyofen adaT-wesebs, maTTvis ucxoa yovelgvari<br />

eTika. am mZime Jams, adamianma, heses mixedviT, isev unda<br />

Caixedos sakuTari arsebis uRrmesi fenebisaken, bolomde<br />

unda Caixedos Tavisi sulis qaosSi, raTa SesaZlebeli<br />

gaxados axali kulturisa da axali moralis dabadeba’’<br />

(6, gv 20).<br />

WeSmariteba da cdomileba, rac dRes viciT mecnierulad,<br />

WeSmaritebaa, rac icoda adamianma miTologiaSi,<br />

miTSi, religiuri cdomilebebi. maSasadame, religiuri<br />

cdomilebebi, romelmac jer kidev ver Seimecna Tavi,<br />

ver daeufla Tavis yvela unars, evoluciurad jer ki-<br />

159

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dev ver momwifebula. samudamod dakavSirebul am mSvenier<br />

harmoniul wyvilSi iWreba raRac mesame, mesame<br />

sazrisi. nicSesgan aRebuli zogierTi motivi ufro<br />

farTod gamoiyeneba sazogadod kulturaSi. esaa, saxeldobr<br />

e.w. fenomeni, anu racionalizaciis efeqti. xelovnebis<br />

saZirkvelia, ambobs nicSe: ,,ori erTimeoris gamomricxveli<br />

sawyisi bunebaSi; dioniseuli da apolonuri,<br />

pirveli damaxasiaTebelia aRviraxsnili drostareba,<br />

Troba, cekva-TamaSi, Sveba da tanjva, riTac adamiani<br />

uerTdeba pirvelqmnil bunebas, misi Sesabamisi xelovnebaa<br />

musika, qoro; apolonuri sawyisis mTavari Tvisebaa<br />

brZnuli sidinje, pirovnebis harmonia, zomiereba,<br />

elinuri gagebiT, am sawyiss Seesityveba mSvenieri<br />

xelovneba, Seqmnisa da amaRlebis saRi suli’’ (4 gv. 195).<br />

froidis mrwamsis Tanaxmad, religia, literatura<br />

da xelovneba sinamdvileSi moRvaweobis da Semoqmedebis<br />

produqtiuli da TviTRirebuli saxeoba ki ar aris,<br />

aramed sxva procesebis arapirdapiri gamoxatulebaa, SeniRbvaa.<br />

xelovnebis formebi Cqmalaven sakmaod primitiul<br />

qvena kompleqsebs, ltolvebs, survilebs da sxva.<br />

bergsonis intuitivistul filosofiaSi Semoqmedis<br />

moRvaweoba ganixileba ara rogorc sinamdvilis Semecnebuli<br />

anarekli, aramed rogorc xelovnebis saSualebiT<br />

damoukidebeli sistemis Seqmna, romelic Tavis<br />

TavSi ,,absolutur wesrigs’’ amkvidrebs da sinamdvilis<br />

iluziur wesrigzea dafuZnebuli.<br />

es Sexedulebebi modernistuli xelovnebis amosaval<br />

Teoriul bazisad iqca, maTi daxmarebiT kubistebma, abstraqcionistebma,<br />

siurealistebma, impresionistebma, eqspresionistebma,<br />

neoklasikosebma, absurdistebma sakuTari<br />

mxatvruli wesrigis sistemebi Camoayalibes.<br />

XX saukunis, modernizmad wodebuli periodis xelovneba,<br />

romelmac mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Seitana<br />

mxatvruli azrovnebis mTel sistemaSi, erTi mxriv, radikalurad<br />

gansxvavdeba winamorbedi epoqebisagan, magram,<br />

meore mxriv, misi Camoyalibebis winapirobebi jer<br />

kidev XIX saukuneSi gaCnda. upirveles yovlisa, unda<br />

160

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aRiniSnos XX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi Seqmnili a.<br />

Sopenhaueris ,,samyaro, rogorc neba da warmodgena,’’ m.<br />

Stir-neris ,,erTaderTi da misi monapovari,’’ s. kirkegoris<br />

,,an _ an,’’ romlebmac pirdapiri an iribi gavlena<br />

iqonies XX saukunis xelovnebis ideur formirebaze.<br />

farTo gagebiT ,,modernizmi’’ xelovnebaSi axali,<br />

Tanamedrove formebis Ziebas gulisxmobs. am mxriv, modernizmis<br />

niSniT SeiZleba gavaerTianoT iseTi erTmaneTisagan<br />

esTetikurad principulad gansxvavebuli<br />

movlenebi, rogoricaa maleris ,,simRera dedamiwaze,’’ r.<br />

Strausis ,,salome’’ da ,,eleqtra,’’ b. artokis ,,allegro<br />

barbaro,’’ i. stravinskis ,,saRvTo gazafxuli,’’ a.<br />

Sonbergis ,,mTvaris piero,’’ a. skriabinis ,,eqstazis<br />

poema,’’ a. matisis, p. pikasos, p. mondrianis, v. kandinskis<br />

ferwera, b. brextis Teatri da sxva. maTi SemoqmedebiTi<br />

meTodi absoluturad gansxvavdeba winamorbedi epoqis<br />

esTetikuri idealebisagan: maT uari Tqves sinamdvilis<br />

realistur asaxvaze da sakuTari individualuri xerxebis<br />

gamomuSaveba daiwyes. iswrafvodnen axalisken da<br />

eZebdnen mas ara bunebaSi, ara sazogadoebaSi, ara adamianSi,<br />

aramed ganyenebuli formis SemoqmedebiT sferoSi.<br />

maTi Ziebebi umTavresad intuiciuri iyo, Tumca<br />

xSirad iyo deklarirebuli sxvadasxvagvar manifesteb-<br />

Si da TiTqos Sopenhaueris da bergsonis Teoriebis<br />

praqtikul ilustracias warmoadgenda.<br />

meoce saukunis dasawyisis musikalur xelovnebas<br />

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis krizisis SegrZneba<br />

axasiaTebs. modernizmis dabadeba musikaSi dakavSirebulia<br />

warsulis Segnebul gaTiSvasTan. XX saukunis<br />

pirvel meoTxedSi axali Taobis kompozitorebma uaryves<br />

Zvel, romantikul epoqaSi gabatonebuli kanonebi.<br />

maT Soris iyo franguli ,,eqvseuli’’: bartoki, stravinski,<br />

hindemiti, venis axali skola, garkveulwilad r.<br />

Strausi da sxva. maTi Ziebebi axali enis da struqturis<br />

sferoSi imis dasturia, rom musikis tradiciulma<br />

gamomsaxvelma saSualebebma amowura Tavisi Tavi da<br />

musikaluri xelovneba radikalur gardaqmnebs saWi-<br />

161

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oebda. warsulSi gamoyenebuli musikaluri gamomsaxvelobiTi<br />

saSualebebis uaryofa ganapiroba mxatvrulma<br />

garemom, romelic am gardamtex epoqaSi Camoyalibda.<br />

neoklasikur kompozitorebs warsul musikaSi xiblavs<br />

ara epoqis koloriti, ara warsulis individualuri<br />

gaxseneba, aramed aRelvebs cocxali ZvelSi, is<br />

rac aucileblad exmaureba Cvens Tanamedroveobas.<br />

Strausma da Sonbergma erTdroulad Seqmnes eqspresionistuli<br />

dramis klasikuri nimuSebi _ ,,eleqtra’’<br />

da ,,molodini’’. eqspresiuli msoflaRqmiTaa gajerebuli<br />

bergis ,,voceki’’ da ,,lirikuli suita,’’ aseve am<br />

mxatvrul mimarTulebasTan, Semoqmedebis mxolod erT<br />

periodSi daaxloebuli bartokis baleti ,,saocari mandarini’’<br />

da sxva.<br />

r. Strausis TviTmyofad SemoqmedebaSi gaerTianebulia<br />

da axal xarisxSia ayvanili vagneris, listis, berliozis<br />

SemoqmedebiTi monapovrebi. maT gverdi arc<br />

saukunis miwurulis franguli musikis tembruli monapovrebisTvis<br />

auvliaT. amave planSi SeiZleba visaubroT<br />

gustav malerzec, rogorc avstriuli, germanuli, slovakuri<br />

da sxva xalxTa musikis da aseva ,,maRali’’ da<br />

,,dabali’’ yofiTi muzicirebis elementebis SemaerTebelze.<br />

mokled rom vTqvaT, gadaiWima giganturi TaRi beThovenis<br />

,,sruliad adamianur’’ mowodebasa da maleris<br />

kosmogenur simfoniur koncefciebs Soris, nacionalur<br />

esTetikur paTosSi wvdomiT. xelovani masTan gamodis<br />

samyaros Semqnel subieqtad, ara mxolod sinamdvilis<br />

ganmsazRvrelad, aramed mis momwyobeladac, romelic<br />

,,qaosidan’’,,kosmoss’’ ayalibebs.<br />

XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnis germaniisa da avstriis<br />

sulieri atmosferom, romelic xels uwyobda froidis<br />

Teoriis gamoCenas da mis udides zegavlens saukunis<br />

sulier kulturaze, gavlena iqonia r. Strausze, mis SemoqmedebiT<br />

interesebze, misi stilis zogierTi Taviseburebis<br />

damkvidrebaze.<br />

162

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SemoqmedisTvis, romlis Semoqmedeba iyo mimarTuli<br />

adamianis sulis SigniT, yvelaze Sesaferisi idealuri<br />

forma iyo eqspresionizmi. obieqturoba Secvlili samyaros<br />

subieqturi xedviT, obieqturi anarekli sinamdvilis<br />

gonebaWvretiT koncefciaSi.<br />

eqspresionizmi _ es aris mTeli rigi gameorebebis<br />

istoria, magram gameorebuli da axali ZaliT aRvsili<br />

gameoreba. es moxda imitom, rom avstriisa da germaniis<br />

pirobebSi SeuZlebeli iyo gabeduli mcdelobebi damoukidebeli<br />

SemoqmedebebisaTvis, amitom eqspresionizmi<br />

ar yofila erTiani skola gansazRvruli programiT, SemoqmedebiTi<br />

meTodiT. es ufro atmosfero iyo, romelic<br />

xels uwyobda gamorCeuli nawarmoebis dabadebas, es<br />

iyo avtorebis filosofiuri da fsiqologiuri pozicia.<br />

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom eqspresionizmi aRmocenda<br />

avstriaSi.<br />

eqspresiulobis aRzevebis yvela epoqaSi gabatonebulia<br />

dostoevskisa da kamius mier aRwerili, cnobierebisTvis<br />

daSvebuli ideuri danaSaulebani imitom,<br />

rom isini dafuZnebulia codnaze. nicSe aRniSnavda :<br />

,,RmerTi mokvda da yvelaferi dasaSvebia,’’ an: ,,WeSmariteba<br />

ar aris, magram yvelaferi dasaSvebia“ (10, gv<br />

112).<br />

eqspresionizmi, sityvis farTo gagebiT, esaa xerxebis<br />

erTianoba konfliqtebis gamwvavebisTvis, gamZafrebuli<br />

gamomxatvelobisaTvis, gaZlierebuli yuradReba movlenis<br />

gansazRvruli mxareebisadmi. gansakuTrebiT xSirad<br />

eqspresionistuli xerxebi gamoiyeneba konfqliqtur periodebSi,<br />

pirovnebis sazogadoebasTan umwvavesi Sejaxebis<br />

dros.<br />

Strausis SemoqmedebaSi, iseve, rogorc mTel evropul<br />

kulturaSi antikuri miTologiis saxeebi realurad<br />

agrZeleben monawileobas mxatvruli cnobierebis<br />

CamoyalibebaSi. gansakuTrebiT es exeba vagneris Semdgomi<br />

epoqis xelovnebas, roca miTma bevr rameSi kvlav<br />

SeiZina mniSvneloba Tavdapirveli msoflmxedvelobiTi<br />

da aqtualuri problemebis gamoxatvisaTvis. mis nawar-<br />

163

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moebSi ara mxolod aRdgeba antikuri tragediis personaJi,<br />

aramed iqmneba (Cndeba) sxva saxe, sxva istoriuli<br />

aucileblobiT warmoSobili. Tavisi gansakuTrebulobis<br />

miuxedavad, Strausis eleqtra kompozitoris<br />

Tanamedrove sulierebis, Tundac misi erT-erTi<br />

momentis, Tundac misi ukiduresi gamovlinebis sarkea,<br />

magram obieqturad arsebuli. StrausTan saxeebis da<br />

xasiaTebis udides musikalur SemoqmedTan, warmodgenili<br />

samyaros suraTis centrSi idga ara religia, ara<br />

buneba, aramed srulebiT sxva ram _ adamiani. igi misTvis<br />

WeSmaritad yvela saganTa sazomi iyo, romelic<br />

gavlenas axdens sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis klimatze. is,<br />

rac masSia gamoxatuli, aris imedgacrueba da gaboroteba,<br />

siZulvilis Zala da Surisgebis ocneba, avadmyofuri<br />

vnebianoba, romelSic ngrevis brma instinqti<br />

Seerwya konkretul, magram ganzogadebuli miTuri personaJis<br />

mdgomareobas. da es adamiani swored XX saukunis<br />

pirmSoa, romelmac socialur-fsiqologiuri konfliqtebis<br />

simZafriT gadaaWarba yvela danarCen dros.<br />

Strausi farTod iyenebda musikis SesaZleblobebs<br />

Tavisi gamouTqmeli saTqmelis da sityvaSi dafaruli<br />

Sinaarsis dasasruleblad. magaliTisaTvis gagacnobT<br />

rihard Strausis nawarmoebebisaTvis saxasiaTo Tematur<br />

maCvenebels: ,,gmiris cxovreba’’ -38 laitmotivi.<br />

,,don Juani’’-34. ,,zaratustra’’ -27 da a.S. aseve mis poemebSi<br />

uamravi laitmotiviT iqsoveba filosofiuri azri,<br />

yovel maTgans Tavisi filosofiuri datvirTva aqvs,<br />

TiToeuli maTi Sexeba filosofiaa. es aris ganuwyveteli<br />

filosofiuri Tavsatexi. ,,musikaluri qveteqstis’’<br />

wyalobiT sityva da masSi asaxuli dramatuli situacia<br />

iZenen fsiqologiur ambivalentobas, ase iRebs<br />

TvalsaCino gamxorcielebas froidiseuli Tezisi _<br />

swrafvisa da ulmobelobis orTmlianobis Sesaxeb.<br />

eqspresionistebis mier SemuSavebulma mxatvruli<br />

xerxebis sistemam mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia msoflios<br />

sxvadasxva qveynis xelovnebaze da Sevida msoflio<br />

xelovnebis saganZurSi. es mimarTuleba germaniaSi<br />

164

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pirvel msoflio omamde arsebobda, magram omis Semdgom<br />

epoqaSi, specifikur atmosferoSi, eqspresionizmi gaxda<br />

sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis movlena, radganac is<br />

iTxovda miTis Seqmnas, mxatvris subieqturi sinamdvilis<br />

Seqmnas.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tradiciis xelaxali Sefaseba<br />

ar atarebs StrausTan misi sruli uaryofis da axali<br />

formebiT Secvlis xasiaTs. Spexti rihard Strausze ambobs,<br />

rom ,,Strausis mocartofiluri periodis ubraloeba<br />

Sinaganad ufro rTulia uwindeli garegan<br />

sirTulesTan SedarebiT: ,,ra unatifesi gansulierebiTa<br />

da musikaluri xelgaSlilobiT gamoirCeva am stilis<br />

moCvenebiTi ubraloeba, rac ganapiroba ,,dabrunebam’’<br />

tonalobasTan, Caketili formebidan, danawevrebuli<br />

melodiisken.’’ rihard Strausis gadasvla vagneris stilidan<br />

mocartze SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes ara rogorc<br />

SexedulebaTa ubralo Secvla, aramed rogorc<br />

amaRleba virtuozobisa _ virtuozul ubraloebamde’’<br />

(6, gv. 75).<br />

kompozitori cdilobs axali Sedegebis miRwevas,<br />

aiZulebs ra Zvel modelebs _ gamoavlinon Tavisi dauxarjavi<br />

potenciali. magram evoluciis paradoqsi mdgomareobs<br />

imaSi, rom swored es dawola tradiciul<br />

saSualebebze, romlebsac gaaCniaT Tavisi individualoba<br />

da ,,zemoqmedebis diapazoni,’’ swored es ,,modelis’’<br />

TviTgamomJRavnebis ukiduresoba, rogorc aseTi,<br />

asustebs tradicias, sisxlisagan clis mas, amzadebs<br />

asafeTqebels, romelic uaxloes momavalSi TviT<br />

Strausis SemoqmedebaSi gadaayiravebs mas.<br />

saukuneebis mijnaze evropaSi mravali gamoCenili<br />

kompozitori moRvaweobda. Strausi maTTgan imiT gamoirCeoda,<br />

rom qmnida gmirebs, xolo iq, sadac arian<br />

gmirebi, aris dramac. Sileri werda goeTes, rom operidan<br />

SeiZleba iSvas umaRlesi tipis drama: ,,me yovel-<br />

Tvis mqonda imedi, rom operidan, rogorc Zveli bakqis<br />

qoroebidan, unda daibados amaRlebuli saxis tragedia.“<br />

,,opera marTlac uars ambobs bunebisa da buneb-<br />

165

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ivis monur mibaZvaze da Tundac am gziT SeiZleboda<br />

scenaze moxvedriliyo wmindad sulieri. opera ganawyobs<br />

suls mSvenierebis aRsaqmelad. TviT misi paTosic<br />

ufro Tavisufal TamaSs gulisxmobs, radgan mas Tan<br />

axlavs musika da jadosnuric _ raRai operaSi erTxel<br />

da samudamod daSvebul iqna _ aucileblad badebs<br />

garkveul gulgrilobas TamaSis mimarT,’’ _ ambobs<br />

CiCerini (gv, 124). dramatuli sawyisi Strausis yvela<br />

nawarmoebSi igrZnoba, Tumca gansakuTrebiT Zlieria<br />

simfoniur poemebSi, romlebic mis yvelaze mniSvnelovan<br />

nawarmoebebs warmoadgenen.<br />

r. Strausis Semoqmedebis Seswavlisas mravali problema<br />

ikveTeba, maT Sorisaa e.w. don Juanis, Tavisuflebis<br />

problema. don Juanis fabula Zveli miTebidan<br />

iRebs saTaves. is iseve, rogorc fausti, Sua saukuneebis<br />

xalxuri Tqmulebebisa da xalxur warmodgenebSi arsebuli<br />

erT-erTi fantastikuri figuraa. (es aris gveli<br />

goriniCi Tavisi harmoniiT). Strauss hyavs musikaluri<br />

da literaturuli winaprebi (molieri, gluki, tirso de<br />

molina da sxva espanelebi, mogvianebiT mocarti, bodleri,<br />

lord baironi). masTan don Juani aris adamiani,<br />

romelmac igema cxovreba mTeli sisavsiT, romelmac<br />

daipyro sinamdvile, romelmac gaimarjva siamovnebisaTvis<br />

brZolaSi, romelic mudmivad isev da isev ivseba<br />

axali vnebiT.<br />

erosi StrausTan arsebiTad dayvanilia sibrZnisadmi<br />

miswrafebaze. ganuwyveteli swrafva WeSmaritebisaken,<br />

rogorc umaRlesi mSvenierebisaken, cxovrebis sazrisis<br />

absolutur mSvenierebaSi wvdomaa. don Juanis im Sinagan<br />

sulier Zalas gulisxmobs, romliTac igi Tavisuflebis<br />

gzas xedavs, rac mas WeSmaritebis gzaze ayenebda.<br />

Seyvarebuli adamiani bevr sulier tanjvas da<br />

siamovnebas ganicdis. misi grZnoba da goneba mudmivad<br />

Sepyrobilia vnebiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amis Sedegadaa<br />

Strausis SemoqmedebaSi poeturi sawyisi maRal<br />

xarisxSi ayvanili. es uTuod gamZafrebuli vnebis arsebobis<br />

Sedegia. ,,vneba erTi am Semoqmedebis amamoZravebe-<br />

166

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li CarxTagania. yovel eWvs gareSea, rom siyvaruls<br />

fiziologiuri, sqesobrivi vnebaTa Relva udevs<br />

safuZvlad. fesvebi trfobisa iq imaleba, xolo Tu es<br />

vnebaTa Relva SeaCera moTminebam, maSin es grZnoba<br />

siyvarulisa, ufro Zlieria, igi iRebs idealur formas”,<br />

_ ambobs vaJa fSavela (2, gv 611). vfiqrob, yovelive<br />

es dgas mravali Temis ukan, rogorc faruli neba. mas<br />

aqvs didi gavlena Strausis Semoqmedebaze, am poeturma<br />

ideam SesaZlebloba misca kompozitors epova brwyinvale<br />

musikaluri ena Tavisi gansacvifrebeli nawarmoebisaTvis.<br />

don JuanSi kompozitors izidavda sulier ZalTa<br />

TamaSis bedi. am gziT igi aRwevs imas, rom yvelaferi<br />

uCveulobamde mihyavs, yvela vneba _ afeTqebis<br />

wertilamde, TviT zebunebrivi Zalebis moxmobamdec ki...<br />

is araTu mxolod gamoxatavs sulis Savbnel Zalebs,<br />

aramed gamoxatvis ZaliT cdilobs gadalaxos isini.<br />

magram Strausis don JuanSi siyvaruli idealur formas<br />

ar iRebs, _ piriqiT, is ewireba siyvaruls, anu, nic-<br />

Ses sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: ,,Tavsa vwirav msxverplad<br />

Cems siyvaruls da Cems moyvass CemTan erTad’’ (3, gv. 101).<br />

Tavis mxriv r. rolani aRniSnavda, rom Tu beThovenis<br />

Semoqmedeba _ esaa damarcxebuli gmiris triumfi, Strausis<br />

Semoqmedeba gamarjvebuli gmiris damarcxebaa. ai<br />

udidesi kontrasti: obieqtivisti Strausi, vis winaSe<br />

gadaSlilia samyaro Tavisi silamaziT, saSinelebebiT,<br />

cxovrebiT, brZoliT; da subieqtivisti beThoveni, romlis<br />

Sinagani samyaro ebrZvis gare samyaros, ipyrobs mas,<br />

avsebs sakuTari meobiT, TviTonac ganicdis brZolas.<br />

gansxvavebuli, magram aseve metad mniSvnelovani<br />

problematika ikveTeba Strausis operaSi _ ,,vardis<br />

kavaleri,’’ romelic miekuTvneba lirikuli komediis<br />

Janrs. misi liriuloba ukavSirdeba axalgazrdobisdroindel,<br />

kerZod, ,,don Juanis’’ mZafr grZnobebs. am<br />

grZnobebma mowifulobis Jams liriuli xasiaTi SeiZina,<br />

romelic ar aZlevs mas gaRrmavebis saSualebas, radgan<br />

SeiZleba es yvelaferi sentimentalurSi gadaizardos,<br />

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ufro Tavdacvis saSualebaa. Tuki ,,don JuanSi’’ avtoris<br />

grZnobebi gulwrfelia da bunebrivi, Seesabameba<br />

asakobriv procesebs, ,,vardis kavalerSi’’ es grZnobebi<br />

TviTironiiT xasiaTdeba.<br />

Strausis SedarebiT adreuli periodis kamerul-instrumentul<br />

TxzulebaSi (sonata violinosa da fortepianosaTvis)<br />

Cven vxedavT yvela SeasaZlo gansaxierebas<br />

sasiyvarulo instinqtisa, rac kritikul problemad ki<br />

ar aris ganmartebuli, aramed Semoqmedis bavSvur<br />

aRtyinebaSia Sobili da mere qceula saswaulebriv<br />

movlenad. avtori da nawarmoebis gmiri Tavisufali da<br />

bednierebi arian. vnebiT anTebuli gmiri SemdgomSi<br />

gamokvebavs Tavis cxovrebas Tundac mogonebebiT, Tundac<br />

ironiiT. am ukanasknelis Cveneba imitomac aris<br />

aucilebeli, rom misi gamoyenebiT kompozitori gulisxmobs<br />

msoflio sulis ironias rogorc dasjilis, ise<br />

damsjelis mimarT.<br />

rixard Strausis nawarmoebebis kompoziciis centraluri<br />

rgoli da interpretaciis amosavali wertili<br />

ikveTeba SemoqmedebiTi Zalis Seswavlisas, romelic<br />

mdgomareobs Semsrulebel-mxatvris pirovnebaSi, ganapirobebs<br />

da warmarTavs mis ganviTarebas, gansazRvravs<br />

xelovnebaSi misi miRwevebis individualur stils. Cven<br />

gvainteresebs bgeris SemoqmedebiTi Tavisufleba, Tu<br />

ratom aris Rirebuli musikalur praqtikaSi bgeris<br />

SemoqmedebiTi Tavisuflebis cneba.<br />

bgeris SemoqmedebiTi neba unda ganvixiloT, rogorc<br />

Semsruleblis pirovnebis samyaro, romelic koncentrirebulia<br />

mis smeniT sferoSi; pirovneba upiratesad<br />

smenis meSveobiT Seicnobs garemomcvel sinamdviles da<br />

smeniTi sferos meSveobiT gamoxatavs sakuTar Tavs.<br />

yuri musikosis sulia: ,,arasdros iseTi sufTa individualuri<br />

Zalebi, rogorebicaa suli, fantazia, grZnoba,<br />

xasiaTi, ganwyobileba, temperamenti _ ar qmnian raRac<br />

gansakuTrebul sferos Tavis TavSi, xolo Semdeg<br />

raRac idumali saxiT pirdapir erTvian dakvraSi an<br />

simReraSi, isini aisaxebian mis xelovnebaSi mxolod<br />

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imdenad, ramdenadac floben specifiur musikalurmxatvrul<br />

niWs _ gadaiyvanos bgeris SemoqmedebiT<br />

nebaSi. isini misi xelovnebis elementebi xdebian mxolod<br />

im zomiT, ra zomiTac gaxdnen misi bgeris SemoqmedebiTi<br />

nebis elementebi’’, _ werda martinseni (8, gv<br />

179).<br />

saSemsruleblo koncefciis realizebis yoveli<br />

calkeuli aqti gansxvavdeba ganumeoreblobiT, principuli<br />

arakvlavwarmoebiT, romelic droSi Seuqcevadad<br />

mimdinareobs, is moiTxovs, rom Semsrulebelma<br />

koncetracia moaxdinos da aqtualuri gaxados mTeli<br />

misi SemoqmedebiTi potenciali.<br />

vfiqrob, calkeuli adamianis Tavisufleba, ganapirobebs<br />

eris Tavisufal arsebobas. amitom Tu adamians<br />

movuspobT amis SesaZleblobas, igi verasodes gaxdeba<br />

damoukidebeli, isev Tavis TavSi Caiketeba da iqneba<br />

sakuTari SesaZleblobebis da niWis gamomJRavnebis<br />

mudmivi tyve. Cveni tragizmi aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom<br />

ara varT Tavisuflebi Tundac sakuTar TavTan.<br />

dabolos, vcdilobT ganvazogadoT misi ZiriTadi<br />

debulebebi. yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia<br />

vTqvaT, rom is movlenebi, rac xdeba qveyanaSi,<br />

TiToeuli adamianis sulSi tovebs Tavisebur kvals,<br />

romelic aisaxeba xelovnebaSi. sasurvelia igive<br />

moxdes saSemsruleblo xelovnebaSi.<br />

Cveni ganxilvis sagani gaxda is sinamdvile, romel-<br />

Sic varsebobT _ iqneba es yalbi Tu namdvili garemo, an<br />

calkeuli adamianis cxovreba, misi tragizmiT.<br />

sasurvelia, rom interpretatorebis xelwera ar<br />

daemsgavsos erTmaneTs, yvela Taviseburi stilistikiT<br />

gamoirCeodes, im Sinaarsis da formis matarebeli unda<br />

iyos, rogoradac erTi ganapirobebs meores. mtkivneuli<br />

saTqmeli iseT formaSi aRiqmeba, rogorc yovelgvar<br />

siyalbes moklebuli.<br />

WeSmariteba bolos da bolos ereva da amarcxebs<br />

droebiT dogmebs, maTTan erTad imsxvreva Cveni amaswinandeli<br />

warmodgenebic. Tumca gamosavals adamianebi<br />

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winaaRmdegobaSic pouloben da ase agrZeleben cxovrebas,<br />

maTTvis aucilebel pirobebSi. maTi survili da<br />

mizani erTaderTia-Tavisufleba.<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura<br />

1. gabriel episkoposi ,,cdiseuli fsiqologiis safuZvlebi’’<br />

Tbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis gamocema<br />

1993 weli<br />

2. vaJa fSavela ,,Txzulebani’’ gamomcemloba ,,sabWoTa saqarTvelo’’<br />

Tbilisi 1986 weli.<br />

3. Tengiz iremaZe ,,fridrix nicSe’’ Tbilisi 2006 weli<br />

gamomcemloba ,,nekeri’’<br />

4. a.gelovani. f. nicSe. ,,sibrZnis simfonia’’ gamomcemloba<br />

,,xelovneba,’’ 1989 weli.<br />

5. nicSe f. ,,ase ityoda zaratustra.’’ gamomcemloba ,,filosofiuri<br />

biblioTeka’’ 1993w. Tb.<br />

6. CiCerini mocarti gamomcemloba ,,ianusi’’ Tbilisi 1994<br />

weli<br />

7. r. yaralaSvili. h. heses Semoqmedebis problemebi. Tbilisi.<br />

8. Малинковская. А. ,,Фортепиано-исполнителской интонирование.’’<br />

Москва. ,,Музыка.’’ 1990.<br />

K. Ninidze<br />

The problem of creative freedow follou the exampe of creations<br />

of Richard Shtrause.<br />

Summary<br />

The central sphere of compositions of Richard Shtraus and rising<br />

aim of interpritation ,,creative power,’’ exit in the individuality of<br />

performer, arrange and direet his development, define his individuality<br />

stile in art.<br />

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We are interested in performing freedom of the sound and why is it<br />

so imprtant in musical practise.<br />

Let , s examine the process of creating the sound as a space of creative<br />

person, which is consantrated in the sphere of ear.<br />

A man hearing with the help of ear study the reality around and with<br />

the help of ear expreses own individuality.<br />

171

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saxelovnebo ganaTleba<br />

zaza xalvaSi<br />

kinoreJisur<br />

reJisuris<br />

swavlebis<br />

koncefcia<br />

(sabakalavro<br />

doneze)<br />

reJisura<br />

aris<br />

xeloba. ostats SeuZlia xeloba<br />

gaswavlos. xelobis codna mxolod SeswavliT miiRweva.<br />

bunebrivi niWiT poetebad ibadebian. reJisori pirvel<br />

rigSi xelosania. nu SegaSinebT sityva “xelosani”.<br />

mxatvruli qmnadobis procesi xelosnur Sromas<br />

ganixilavs, rogorc aucileblobas.<br />

yvela mxatvruli sistema erTnairi agebulebisaa. is,<br />

rac Tavidan qaosuri gveCveneba, sinamdvileSi mowesrigebuli<br />

da SeTanasworebuli erTeulia, romelic Sedgeba<br />

nawilebisgan. es nawilebi ki TavisTavad damoukidebel<br />

sistemebs warmoadgenen.<br />

reJisorobis Seswavla sistemis Seqmnasa da CamoyalibebaSi<br />

daostatebas niSnavs. mxatvrul sistemas Tavisi<br />

kanonebi aqvs.<br />

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sistema mxatvrul nawarmoebSi mTavaria. sistema<br />

moicavs struqturas, anu agebulebas sxva elementebTan<br />

erTad.<br />

Tavidan iqmneba sistema, mere misi struqtura da<br />

mxolod amis mere iwyeba Sinaarsis Calageba calkeul<br />

elementebSi.<br />

sistemis<br />

struqtura elementebia.<br />

sistema xSirad ucvleli mocemulobaa. arsebobs<br />

klasikuri sistema, magaliTad, “vefxistyaosani”. Cveni<br />

ganxilvis sagani iqneba rogorc klasikuri, ise e.w.<br />

demokratiuli da formaluri art-sistemebi.<br />

Tanamedrove xelovnebam sistemaTa mravalferovani<br />

speqtri Seqmna. demokratiuloba xelovnebis Tandayolili<br />

Tvisebaa. is mudmivad icvleba, magram mudmivad igive<br />

rCeba Tavisi arsiT: mravali adamianis gonebrivi Sromis<br />

Sedegi, sadac yvelas Tavisi Seqmnili sistema moepoveba.<br />

Teoria<br />

sistemebis Sesaxeb, anu realobis sistemuri<br />

agebulebis Teoria igivea, rac TamaSis Teoria.<br />

HOMO LUDENS - adamiani moTamaSe.<br />

HOMO SISTEMS - adamiani sistema.<br />

rogorc yovelgvari swavleba, reJisorobis Seswavlac<br />

elementarulidan iwyeba.<br />

vizualur-xmovani<br />

mxatvruli<br />

sistemis<br />

mTavari<br />

komponentebi<br />

onentebi:<br />

- teqsturi pirvelwyaro. filmi sityvebad. scenari.<br />

- mizanscena.<br />

- gamosaxuleba: kadri. kompozicia.<br />

- xmovan-musikaluri agebuleba.<br />

- mxatvruli gaformeba: kostiumi, aqsesuarebi,<br />

dizaini, dekoracia, grimi.<br />

- msaxiobis ostatoba. artisti, tipaJi. telewamyvani.<br />

- montaJi. gamoxatvis ZiriTadi saSualeba, romli-<br />

Tac saubrobs yvela vizualur-akustikuri xati. xedvis<br />

principi.<br />

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kadri<br />

adri. kompoziciis gaazreba moxdeba klasikuri<br />

ferweris magaliTebis ganxilviT.<br />

fotografia. reportaJi moqmedebis adgilidan. ambis<br />

gadmocema Tnamimdevrulad da TxrobiTad fotosuraTebis<br />

meSveobiT. praqtikuli mecadineoba. Temas virCevT<br />

individualurad.<br />

reJisura,<br />

rogorc<br />

praqtikuli<br />

fsiqologia.<br />

Cveni<br />

profesiis mTavari amocanaa, Seqmnas moqmedebis imitacia<br />

(ganviTareba) - mayurebelma unda daijeros, rom rasac<br />

is xedavs, namdvilia, anu cxovrebis moZraobis msgavsia,<br />

sul erTia, reJisoris mier dalagebuli da gamoZerwili<br />

realoba fantaziaa, zRapari Tu sizmari. mTavaria, davijero,<br />

rom aseTi moqmedeba aris an ukve iyo, anda dasaSvebia<br />

yofiliyo. es momenti detalurad iqneba ganxiluli.<br />

moqmedebis dinamika. moqmedebiT gaxsnili cxovreba.<br />

xedvis<br />

rakursi - individualuri, masobrivi, anu<br />

sayovelTao da e.w. aratradiciuli. mniSvnelovani<br />

profesiuli niuansia, romelic erTbaSad ar yalibdeba.<br />

wlebia saWiro da xSirad mTeli sicocxlec. rasac<br />

adamiani xedavs, xedavs im adgilidan, sadac is imyofeba<br />

mocemul momentSi moqmedebis mimarT. meore aseTi<br />

xedvis wertili ar arsebobs.<br />

montaJi - mTavari maorganizebeli saSualeba, romelic<br />

sistemis Camoyalibebis ZiriTadi meTodia. montaJi<br />

pirobiTad or nawilad iyofa - montaJis Teoria da<br />

praqtikuli montaJi. montaJi ar aris mxolod masalis<br />

organizaciis xerxi. es aris, upirvelesad, mxatvruli<br />

meTodi. reJisoroba am meTodis mudmivi srulyofisa da<br />

axleburi gaazrebis profesiaa. saswavlo procesis<br />

mTeli ciklis manZilze montaJi ganixileba, rogorc<br />

damoukidebeli da aucilebeli sagani. misi Semadgeneli<br />

nawilebis analizi da Seswavla mimdinareobs ara mxolod<br />

gamosaxulebasTan mimarTebaSi, aramed dramaturgiis,<br />

mxatvruli gaformebisa da musikasTan mimarTebaSic.<br />

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montaJi da samsaxiobo Sesruleba - es kavSiri yvelaze<br />

sapasuxismgeblo momentia reJisoris saqmianobaSi.<br />

Teatraluri msaxiobis TamaSisgan gansxvavebiT, kinomsaxiobis<br />

ostatoba montaJis praqtikuli SesaZleblobebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs. es niSnavs imas, rom reJisori<br />

msaxiobTan muSaobis dros personaJis fsiqologiur<br />

portrets montaJurad agebs, anu montaJis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />

msaxiobisgan aseTi TamaSi gansxvavebul teqnologias<br />

gulisxmobs.<br />

montaJi literaturaSi.<br />

montaJi musikaSi.<br />

montaJi mxatvrobasa da qandakebaSi.<br />

montaJi arqiteqturaSi.<br />

art-montaJi - e.w. kompiuteruli, klipuri, sareklamo...<br />

kadris<br />

kompozicia - gadasaRebi sagnis Sefardeba<br />

kadris mTel farTobTan. moZraobis fiqsacia kompoziciuri<br />

SeTanasworebis dacviT.<br />

msaxiobis ostatoba - eqskursi warsulSi: stanislavski,<br />

TumaniSvili, romi... am reJisorTa naazrevis<br />

gacnoba.<br />

praqtika: aRniSnuli meTodebis Sesabamisad gadawyvetili<br />

romelime cnobili epizodis dadgma da TamaSi.<br />

momavali reJisori msaxiobis ampluaSi. Tu TviTon ar<br />

gamocdi, verasdros gaigeb TamaSis siamovnebas...<br />

dramaturgia. gamosaxuleba, anu mxatvruli xati sityvebad,<br />

realobis danaxva monaTxrobis meSveobiT. ambis<br />

Txzva.<br />

scenaris mTavari konturebi - basic outline:<br />

1. gverdi 1 – 5: ankesi, anu raRac, rac Cvens<br />

yuradRebas ipyrobs da gviTrevs moqmedebaSi.<br />

2. gverdi 10: scenaris am wertilSi unda iyos “minikrizisi”.<br />

am kriziss mivyavarT...<br />

3. gverdi 17: ...dilemasTan... personaJTa gundis Seqmna<br />

da is, ris Sesaxebac saubaria filmSi.<br />

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4. gverdi 30: reaqcia dilemis, an situaciis mimarT.<br />

5. gverdi 45: pirveli “ukusvla” me-17 gverdze<br />

(wuTze). am wertilidan iwyeba personaJebis svla (moqmedeba)<br />

da isini uSualod awydebian mocemul situaciaSi<br />

warmoqmnil dilemas.<br />

6. gverdi 60: filmis “sayrdeni Woki”. pasiuri<br />

personaJebi xdebian aqtiurebi, anda piriqiT.<br />

7. gverdi 75: meore “ukusvla” me-17 wuTze (gverdze),<br />

raTa erTxel kidev SevaxsenoT mkiTxvels (mayurebuls),<br />

ras mogviTxrobs es scenari.<br />

8. gverdi 90: moqmedebis “qveda wertili”. adgili,<br />

saidanac Cveni mTavari personaJi unda dadges fexze.<br />

es sqema literaturis TeoriaSi siuJetis wyobis<br />

cnobili agebulebis kinematografiuli versiaa, sadac<br />

nawarmoebi kompoziciiT iwyeba, Semdeg xdeba kvanZis<br />

Sekvra, moqmedebis ganviTareba, kulminacia da kvanZis<br />

gaxsna... da bolos, gemovnebis Sesabamisad, Tu gnebavT,<br />

epilogi.<br />

am formulis zedmiwevniT kargad codna iseve<br />

moeTxoveba reJisors, rogorc montaJis SesaZleblobaTa<br />

gaazrebuli floba.<br />

profesiuli saqmianobis samuSao iaraRi...<br />

aristoteledan dRemde ufro srulyofili sistema<br />

ar arsebobs, magram, miuxedavad amisa, yvela genialuri<br />

nimuSi misi darRveviT Seqmnila.<br />

Semoqmedi ar cnobs dakanonebul stereotips...<br />

da kargia, rom stereotipi arsebobs!<br />

sistemis komponentTa swavleba mTeli sabakalavro<br />

ciklis dros Tanabrad iqneba ganawilebuli. calke<br />

aRebul romelime komponents upiratesoba ar mieniWeba.<br />

viwyebT elementarulidan, mivdivarT umaRlesamde da<br />

isev elementaruls vubrundebiT. igulisxmeba, rom,<br />

roca vsaubrobT Tundac grimis mniSvnelobaze, iqve<br />

viTvaliswinebT montaJs, xedvis rakurss, kadrs, dramaturgias<br />

da veswrafviT SevqmnaT iseTi naerTi, romelic<br />

176

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Seicavs yvelafers, rac CamovTvaleT, da amave dros, ar<br />

aris arcerTi maTgani...<br />

es gulisxmobs, rom studenti bevrs unda muSaobdes<br />

Tavis Tavze, rac gamoixateba Temis arCevaSi, sakuTari<br />

saTqmelis CamoyalibebaSi da gamarTlebis ZebnaSi:<br />

ratom vambob, rasac vambob, da rasac vambob, imas Tu<br />

vambob, rac minda...<br />

kompiuteruli montaJis praqtikuli mecadineobebi<br />

aucilebelia Catardes rogorc individulurad, ise<br />

mTel jgufTan erTad, sadac saubari iqneba teqnikur<br />

siaxleebsa da zogadad am saxis montaJis SesaZleblobebis<br />

Sesaxeb.<br />

Zaza Khalvashi<br />

Film Production Teaching Conception<br />

(Undergraduate, BA Level)<br />

Summary<br />

Film production is mastery. Teacher can teach you the mastery.<br />

Knowledge of mastery can be reached through the study.<br />

To study film production means to become a skilful master of<br />

creating and forming the system. Art system has its rules. The main<br />

purpose of my profession is to create and develop the imitation of the<br />

behavior.<br />

Editing - the main organizing means of production which is the basic<br />

method in formation of the system.<br />

Editing and acting technique – this relationship is a vital<br />

responsibility of director’s activity.<br />

Dramaturgy - representation is an art image in words, seeing the<br />

reality through the narrative. Compose a story.<br />

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literaturuli scenari<br />

zaza xalvaSi<br />

M I S E R E R E *<br />

1.<br />

kvercxi didi simaRlidan qveviT vardeba, vardeba<br />

nela, farfatiT, TiTqos bumbuli iyos. garkveviT ismis<br />

kvercxis gluvi zedapiris haerTan xaxunis xma. zuzuni<br />

matulobs da autaneli xdeba.<br />

kvercxi xmauriT enarcxeba asfalts da aTas patara<br />

natexad ifanteba irgvliv.<br />

uferuli cila rvafexasaviT iweleba asfaltze...<br />

2.<br />

Semiwyale me RmerTo, didiTa<br />

wyalobiTa SeniTa, aRxoce usju-<br />

loebaÁ Cemi<br />

fsalmuni<br />

* am literaturuli scenaris mixedviT 1997 wels Seiqmna amave<br />

saxelwodebis filmi.Kkinoscenaris avtorebi iyvnen – laSa imedaSvili<br />

da zaza xalvaSi.<br />

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qalaqis sasaflaoze siwynarea. Zveli da axali saflavebis<br />

rigebi erTmaneTs misdevs.<br />

siCumeSi gaurkveveli guguni SemoiWreba, romelic<br />

matulobs da axlovdeba...<br />

SiSveli mamakacis landi saflavebs Soris morbis.<br />

xan erT qvas amoefareba, xan meores. samalavSi didxans<br />

ver iTmens, gadarbis-gadmorbis, adgilebs icvlis...<br />

bolos miagnebs, Cawveba, miwas gaekvreba, sunTqvas<br />

Seikravs...<br />

guguni burTiviT gadauvlis sasaflaos da daRmarTze<br />

dagordeba.<br />

roca xmauri miwydeba, SiSveli landi Tamamad wamojdeba<br />

miwis grovaze. mxolod axla miaqcevs yurad-<br />

Rebas, rom jer kidev Tbil miwasTan,<br />

sruliad axal saflavTan Seufarebia Tavi...<br />

fexze wamoiWreba, ratomRac sixaruliT taSs Semohkravs,<br />

xtunva-xtunviT da yiJiniT irgvliv Semourbens,<br />

mere miuaxlovdeba da iwyebs saflavidan miwis gadayras.<br />

jer wynarad, dinjad, auCqareblad, Semdeg ufro<br />

gamalebiT, nerviulad, satanuri azartiT...<br />

moulodnelad targadatexil niCbis pirs poulobs.<br />

axla saqme swrafad wauva...<br />

sul male niCbis piri kubos Tavsaxurs daejaxeba.<br />

kaci xeliT moasufTavebs miwas, niCabs daudebs da<br />

mTeli taniT daawveba.<br />

kubos saxuravi WrialiT aRebs pirs...<br />

SiSveli landi Cqarobs, micvalebuls frTxilad<br />

gaxdis tansacmels da SedarebiT mSral adgilas awyobs,<br />

mere amoZvreba saflavidan, talaxs Camoiwmindavs<br />

da Cacmas Seudgeba...<br />

morCa, mzad aris: sufTa perangi, perangze halstuxi,<br />

eleganturi kostiumi, moduri fexsacmelebi, TeTri<br />

grZelkalTebiani labada...<br />

ucnobi – morTul-mokazmuli, magram, erTi SexedviT,<br />

mainc aramiwieri, sasaflaos gamosasvlelTan Cerdeba,<br />

onkans gaxsnis da wyals saxeze Seisxams...<br />

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qveviT, ferdobis ZirSi, zRvaSi SeWril koncxze<br />

patara zRvispira qalaqi mdebareobs – Tavisi orsarTuliani<br />

saxlebiT, satvirTo portiT, vercxlisferi,<br />

mucelgamoberili rezervuarebiT da cisken awvdili,<br />

TeTrad abolqvebuli qvis milebiT...<br />

ucnobi labadis qamars welze mWidrod Semoirtyams,<br />

sayeloebs aiwevs da TavdaRmarTiT qalaqisken daeSveba...<br />

3.<br />

nawvimari qalaqi axalgardacvlil adamians Camogavs.<br />

TeTrlabadiani mamakaci auCqareblad miabijebs mkvdari<br />

qalaqis erT-erT quCaze. iseTi sicariele da siyruvea,<br />

TiTqos yvelani sadRac gaqceulan da qalaqi<br />

miutovebiaT.<br />

nacnobi xma, pirvelad sasaflaoze rom gavigoneT,<br />

aqac gaismis. TeTrlabadiani kedels aekvreba...<br />

xmauri sul ufro axlovdeba, ismis areuli nabijebis<br />

ritmuli braguni da gaurkveveli yiJina...<br />

ucnobi bnel sadarbazoSi SeiyuJeba da kars amoefareba...<br />

SavebSi gamowyobili, wvermoSvebuli kacebis jgufi,<br />

xelSi ketebi rom uWiravT da aqoSinebulebi morbian,<br />

yuradRebiT aTvaliereben quCas – viRacas eZeben.<br />

im sadarbazosTan, sadac ucnobi SeZvra, erT-erTi<br />

Savosani wamiT yovndeba, kets asfaltze dadebs da<br />

fexsacmlis Sexsnil zonars ikravs.<br />

- moednisken! moednisken! – ismis gadaZaxili.<br />

- iqneb marcxniv wavida! _ ambobs viRacis xrinwnarevi<br />

xma.<br />

- male qeni, kaco!<br />

- ho, movdivar! - Savosani zonars Seikravs, kets<br />

aiRebs da apirebs amxanagebs daewios, magram TiTqos<br />

raRac igrZno _ sadarbazos simuqes miSterebuli<br />

adgilidan ar iZvris.<br />

- Cqara! Cqara! - eZaxian mas Soridan.<br />

Savosani sibneles Tvals ar AaSorebs.<br />

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TeTrlabadiani karsukan atuzula da sunTqvaSekruli<br />

elodeba mis wasvlas.<br />

Savosani axlos modis, Semoixedavs, sibneleSi kibis<br />

konturebs arCevs mxolod.<br />

am dros meore Savosanic gamoCndeba.<br />

- ar gesmis, kaco, Sen!<br />

- momeCvena, aq viRac aris...<br />

- wamodi. roca erTad varT, ufro vipoviT.<br />

- Savosnebi midian da win wasul amxanagebs<br />

SeuerTdebian...<br />

TeTrlabadiani Tavisuflad amoisunTqavs, Tvalebs<br />

milulavs, moeSveba...<br />

SavosanTa xmebi miwydeba...<br />

4.<br />

qalaqis TviTmarTvelobis Senobis win xalxs mouyria<br />

Tavi. cisken aRmarTuli transparantebi naZvebiviT<br />

qanaoben. SemaRlebulze Sav wertilad moCans oratori.<br />

misi xmis garCeva SeuZlebelia. gafuWebuli reproduqtoridan<br />

drodadro calkeuli, daukavSirebeli sityvebi<br />

ismis. taSi da SeZaxilebi talRasaviT gadauvlis<br />

moedans.<br />

TeTrlabadiani SekrebilTa zurgsukan Cerdeba. mis<br />

win biliardis burTebiviT miwyobili uamravi Tavi<br />

moCans.<br />

- ra xdeba aq – calybad ikiTxavs ucnobi.<br />

gverdiT mdgomi maRali kaci gakvirvebuli daxedavs<br />

TeTrlabadians.<br />

- Cven viTxovT, rom... - ambobs kaci, magram mis<br />

bolo sityvebs SekrebilTa omaxiani yvirili<br />

gadafaravs.<br />

- rao, ra Tqvi, ras viTxovTo!<br />

- yvelafers! yvelafers! amovida suli yelSi!<br />

gadaZaxili bolo rigebsac moswvdeba, TeTrlabadianis<br />

gverdiT xalxi tortmans iwyebs, aqtiurad iqnevs<br />

muStebs, gahkivis da fexis cerebze dgeba.<br />

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TeTrlabadiani moridebiT SeuerTebs Tavis xmas<br />

saerTo aRtacebas, TandaTan Tamamdeba, yvirils umatebs,<br />

masiur eqstazs ayolili aqtiurad asavsavebs xelebs...<br />

xelketebiT SeiaraRebuli Savosani mamakacebi quCis<br />

boloSi gamoCndebian, isini pirdapir moednisken<br />

morbian...<br />

TeTrlabadiani SemTxveviT ukan miixedavs, SeamCnevs<br />

Tu ara mdevrebs, xalxSi SeiWreba, xelis kvriT gaikvlevs<br />

gzas da qalaqis TviTmarTvelobis SenobaSi Serbis,<br />

sadac oratoris yvirili quxiliviT ismis...<br />

5.<br />

TeTrlabadians grZeli derefnebisa da mosaxvevebis<br />

simravle ar abnevs. ise miabijebs, TiTqos icis, saiTac<br />

midis.<br />

ketianTa nalebis braxuni ukve qveviTa sarTulidan<br />

moismis.<br />

TeTrlabadiani jer erT kars mosinjavs, mere<br />

meores, mere – mesames. yvela kari daketilia. derefnis<br />

boloSi CuqurTmebiani kari Ria aRmoCndeba. ucnobi<br />

saxelurs daqaCavs da oTaxSi SeZvreba...<br />

misaRebSi ramdenime kaci zis. magidasTan mdivani<br />

qali ugulod aTvalierebs raRac sazRvargareTul gamocemas.<br />

oTaxSi myofTa Tavebi erTdroulad Semotrialdeba<br />

ucnobisken.<br />

TeTrlabadiani uxerxulad SeiSmuSneba.<br />

- SegvWama am nestma, - ambobs igi. – pirdapir dagvalpo...<br />

am dros tyavgadakruli kari gaiReba da misaRebSi<br />

ucnauri misvla-mosvla atydeba: SampanuriT savse<br />

yuTebi rakarukiT Caivlian; sanTlebiani, didi, fumfula<br />

torti sasiamovno surnels daayenebs; viRacas langarze<br />

dadebuli Sewvari goWi moaqvs; spectansacmelSi Cacmuli<br />

muSebis erTi jgufi yuTebs kuTxeSi alagebs;<br />

meore jgufi, romelic sapirispiro karidan gamovida,<br />

yuTebs saTiTaod ezideba oTaxSi...<br />

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TeTrlabadiani mzeriT acilebs ucnaur procesias,<br />

mere Tavisufali skamisken midis da labadas ixdis,<br />

xeliT daferTxavs. ramdenime wveTi, labadas quCidan<br />

rom Semoyva, mdivan qals loyaze Seesxmeba.<br />

- bodiSs vixdi! – ambobs stumari, jibidan cxvirsaxocs<br />

amoiRebs da Zalian Sinaurulad qals loyas<br />

SeumSralebs. amis mere ZviradRirebuli sigaretis<br />

kolofs amoiRebs da magidaze dadebs.<br />

- es Tqven, yavas uxdeba Zalian...<br />

stumari TeTr labadas Tavisufal skamze miafens...<br />

nacnobi guguni, nabijebis mkveTr xmasTan erTad,<br />

ukve derefnidan ismis...<br />

stumari iZabeba, Tvalebs acecebs da karisken iyureba.<br />

rekavs telefoni. mdivani pasuxobs.<br />

_ ar vici... TaTbiria... male, albaT... ki, batono<br />

Caviwer...<br />

xmaurisagan damfrTxali ucnobi Sampanuris yuTs<br />

daswvdeba, gulze miixutebs da ormag, masiur karebSi<br />

Seabijebs...<br />

mrgval magidas (pirdapiri gagebiT, ra Tqma unda)<br />

TviTmarTvelobis sabWos wevrebi Semosxdomian.<br />

mosamsaxure personali SeZlebisdagvarad uxmaurod<br />

akeTebs yvelafers: oficianti qalebi grZel, viwro<br />

magidaze sufras Slian, kacebi xorags moaTreven...<br />

ucnobi, Sampanuris yuTiT xelSi, karTan dadgeba,<br />

romelic rbil savarZelSi zis. danarCenebi skamebze<br />

arian wamoskupebulebi...<br />

- mokled, megobrebo, xval diliT, zustad cxra<br />

saaTze, dedaqalaqidan CvenTan Camodis xalxi... maT<br />

TavSeyris survili gamoTqves. Semotanilia saTanado<br />

gancxadeba... hoda, gekiTxebiT, rogor moviqceT..<br />

Tavmjdomare damswreebs gadaxedavs, mere sufras<br />

gadaavlebs Tvals pasuxis molodinSi...<br />

ucnobi Tavis yuTs viRacas gadaawodebs...<br />

erT-erTi spectansacmliani muSa Tavmjdomares<br />

miuaxlovdeba da raRacas Cumad hkiTxavs. ..<br />

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ucnobi oficiantebs magidis gaSlaSi exmareba, cali<br />

Tvali ki mrgvali magidisken uWiravs...<br />

- sxva qalaqSi Cawerilebs ara aqvT ufleba Cvens<br />

teritoriaze imoqmedon! – wamoiZaxebs gaubedavi xma.<br />

- TavSeyris ufleba gaaCnia respublikis farglebSi<br />

moqmed yvela gaerTianebas... – pasuxobs Tavmjdomare.<br />

- isini, vinc xval CvenTan Camodis, vin arian, romeli<br />

sazogadoebis saxeliT moqmedeben<br />

- aq weria, rom... _ Tavmjdomare qaRaldebSi iqeqeba,<br />

magram saWiro cnobas ver poulobs. – mokled, aq weria,<br />

rom... Tumca, ra weria ra mniSneloba aqvs, CvenTvis yvela<br />

erTia, saxelebia sxvadasxva...<br />

gareT momitingeTa aplodismentebi iquxebs.<br />

- ai, xom gesmiT... isini dauyovnebliv pasuxs moiTxoven...<br />

rogor moviqceT, rogor! – ambobs Tavmjdomare.<br />

kabinets dumili atyvevebs.<br />

mosamsaxure personali adgilze gaiyineba.<br />

erTmaneTze dalagebuli TefSebis sveti aqeT-iqeT<br />

qanaobs da lamis gadmovardes.<br />

sanTlis mosakideblad anTebuli asanTis Reri<br />

Caqreba...<br />

Tu SeiZleba, me vityvi. – fexze dgeba Suaxnis<br />

mamakaci, romelic, garegnobiT Tu vimsjelebT, omisa da<br />

Sromis veterani unda iyos (medlebi, samxreebi da<br />

saerTod, samxedro stilis Cacmuloba da qceva)...<br />

ucnobi Wiqebis Camorigebas Tavs mianebebs, mrgval<br />

magidas miuaxlovdeba, mourideblad daixreba da Tavmjdomaris<br />

yurSi sveli tuCebiT CaZvreba.<br />

Tavmjdomare aqamde aRelvebuli Canda. etyoba,<br />

stumris naTqvami daamSvidebs.<br />

- marTalia, sworia. – ambobs igi. – gaacaniT Tqveni<br />

azri destabilizaciis Stabis ufross, megobar waraT<br />

waZes.<br />

Tavmjdomare magidis marcxena mxares, melot kacze<br />

mianiSnebs.<br />

- gasagebia...<br />

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am xnis manZilze veterani ganuwyvetliv laparakobs.<br />

- ...dRevandel dRes aseTi aqciis daSveba SeuZlebelia,<br />

es gamoiwvevs damfrTxali sazogadoebis kidev<br />

ufro daSinebas, daTesavs panikas, gaZvirdeba produqti,<br />

Saqari, karaqi, asanTic ki, daiwyeba benzinze nadiroba.<br />

ucnobi magidas Semouvlis da waraT waZis ukan<br />

gaCerdeba. elodeba xelsayrel moments, rom Tavisi<br />

azri masac CasCurCulos...<br />

- ra Steria es ubeduri, raRa unda gaZvirdes meti. –<br />

Cailaparakebs Stabis ufrosi.<br />

veterani agrZelebs:<br />

-.... benzinze nadiroba gamoiwvevs erTmaneTze nadirobas,<br />

es ki sad migviyvans, bodiSi da, RmerTma uwyis...<br />

ucnobi waraT waZes miuCoCdeba da ramdenime sityvas<br />

gadaulaparakebs.<br />

- vis gaacaniT kidev – Semotrialdeba Stabis<br />

ufrosi.<br />

- ucnobi Tavmjdomares gaxedavs...<br />

Tavmjdomaris da waraT waZis mzera erTmaneTs<br />

Sexvdeba. Tavmjdomare Tanxmobis niSnad Tavs dauqnevs.<br />

- ar uTxraT meti aravis. – ambobs waraT waZe. –<br />

damTavrdeba da wynarad davilaparakoT...<br />

destabilizaciis Stabis ufrosi jibidan sigarets<br />

amoaZvrens. ucnobi cecxls miagebebs.<br />

- mgoni, adre ar minaxixar. – ambobs waraT waZe.<br />

- marTalia, me axali TanamSromeli var. – pasuxobs<br />

ucnobi.<br />

- saxeli<br />

ucnobi dafiqrdeba. mere, TiTqos gaaxsendao, gaxarebuli<br />

ityvis:<br />

- simoni... simon simonaZe...<br />

- aaa... – ambobs ratomRac waraT waZe.<br />

6.<br />

TviTmarTvelobis ukana ezoSi siwynarea. momitingeTa<br />

xmauri eqod aRwevs aqamde.<br />

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saxlze mikrul saxanZro kibeze Tavmjdomaris kabinetSi<br />

Sekrebilebi Camodian – win veterani, Semdeg<br />

Tavmjdomare, mere waraT waZe, bolos simoni. isini<br />

qurdulad mococaven. frTxiloben, rom aravin SeniSnos<br />

da gaWirvebiT eSvebian qveviT.<br />

- aseTi rCevis mocema da aseTi xerxis mofiqreba<br />

mxolod profesionals SeuZlia... me mgoni, arc Sevmcdarvar.<br />

– asZaxebs simonaZes waraTi.<br />

- vnaxoT. – pasuxobs simonaZe. – ubralod miyvars,<br />

roca SemiZlia axali svla gavakeTo... gansxvavebuli...<br />

- kargia, gansxvavebuli... – ityvis veterani.<br />

- mere ganze gavdgebi da vuyureb, rogor meordeba<br />

igive, rac iyo da yovelTvis iqneba... – agrZelebs simonaZe.<br />

– samwuxarod, Sedegi yovelTvis erTi da igivea...<br />

- CvenTvis, dRes gansakuTrebiT, is svla, Sen rom<br />

SemogTavaze, sarisko saqmea... magram aucilebeli. Cven<br />

yvela Rone unda vixmaroT, yvela Rone... – xvneSiT<br />

iZaxis waraT waZe.<br />

- vici, sariskoa. – ambobs simonaZe da nel-nela<br />

eSveba kibeze. – magram mainc ise moxdeba, rogorc me<br />

girCieT... yvelaferi winaswar cnobilia...<br />

- kargi erTi, Tu Zma xar, winaswar aravin ar icis,<br />

ra moxdeba.<br />

- me... vici!<br />

- darwmunebuli xar<br />

- ki! – mtkiced ambobs simonaZe. – adamiani yovelTvis<br />

igivea, rac iyo... amitom araferi ar Seicvleba... igive<br />

iqneba isev... – simonaZe SeCerdeba, qalaqis saxuravebs<br />

Tvals moavlebs. – mec... igive var!<br />

- ucnauri kaci xar, simon, ucnauri... – waraT waZe<br />

xmamaRla icinis.<br />

kibe, rogorc iqna, mTavrdeba. oTxive mamakaci<br />

mSvidobianad daadgams miwaze fexs.<br />

ezoSi ori Savi feris manqana Semogrialdeba,<br />

pirvelSi Tavmjdomare da veterani Casxdebian, meoreSi<br />

waraT waZe da simon simonaZe...<br />

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manqanebi WiSkars gaivlian da MmosaxvevSi<br />

saburavebis RrWialiT Tvals moefarebian...<br />

mitingis eqo ar wydeba...<br />

7.<br />

manqanis saqare mina wveTebiT dacvarula. mZRoli<br />

drodadro mwmendavebs rTavs. wveTebisgan Tavisufal<br />

ovalSi gamoCndeba mwvaneSi Cafluli rkinigzis baqani,<br />

nacrisferi da danestianebuli mosacdeliT.<br />

simon simonaZe ukana savarZelSi miyuJula. Tvlems.<br />

destabilizaciis Stabis ufrosi wina savarZelSi<br />

zis da Tvals ar acilebs baqans.<br />

mZRols xelebi saWeze uwyvia, msuqan TiTebs<br />

nervulad aTamaSebs.<br />

gadamcemi xrialebs, moismis qalis mWaxe xma,<br />

romelic xSirad wydeba da ikargeba.<br />

- ara, amas ver davijereb! – ambobs waraT waZe. -<br />

rogor, ase, dRisiT mzisiT adamians mosaklavad<br />

dasdevdnen da aravin iyos amis gamkiTxavi, pirvelad<br />

mesmis... ramdeni xania, rac es ambavi grZeldeba<br />

waraT waZe ukan moixedavs.<br />

simonaZe dums, nela aswevs quTuToebs da<br />

sasxvaTaSorisod ityvis:<br />

- mTeli cxovreba...<br />

- mere<br />

- Sevegue ukve... ise, cota ki daviRale...<br />

- davapatimreb, xvalve davapatimreb! – wamoenTeba<br />

uceb waraT waZe.<br />

- rogor, sad gagonila aseTi usamarTloba!... CarTe,<br />

Tu Zma xar, civa! – miubrundeba waraTi mZRols,<br />

romelic Zravas aamuSavebs da salonis Wrilebidan<br />

siTbo dauberavs.<br />

- ho, civa... – Cailaparakebs simoni da kidev ufro<br />

aswevs labadis sayelos, rom mTlad daifaros saxe...<br />

manqana Tbeba, Tbebian mgzavrebic. simonaZe simyudroves<br />

igrZnobs, Tavs Camoqindravs, CayvinTavs kidec.<br />

- movida! – wamoiyvirebs waraTi.<br />

187

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simoni fxizldeba, adgilidan wamoiweva da daorTqlil<br />

SuSas xels Camousvams...<br />

baqanTan matarebeli Camodgeba, vagonebidan jer gamcileblebi<br />

Camodian. CamosulTa Soris vxedavT axalgazrdebis<br />

mxiarul saxeebs. maT xelSi droSebi da<br />

transparantebi uWiravT. . .<br />

- ra vqnaT axla! – kiTxulobs Stabis ufrosi,<br />

romelsac saxeze etyoba, rom dabneulia.<br />

- gauSviT gadacmulebi! – gascems mokle brZanebas<br />

simonaZe.<br />

Stabis ufrosi gadamcemis yurmils aiRebs, Rilaks<br />

daawveba da daiyvirebs:<br />

- ormocdaSvidi, ormocdaSvidi! ar gesmis!<br />

- gismenT, ufroso! – axrialdeba gadamcemi.<br />

- he, axla! midi, gauSvi Cveni xalxi!<br />

- aris, ufroso!<br />

- male, male!<br />

manqanis salonidan kargad moCans is, rac baqanze<br />

xdeba: iReba mosacdelis farTo kari, erTnairad CacmulTa<br />

razmi iqaurobas moefineba – aSkarad gamosdiT<br />

SemTxveviTi gamvlelebis rolis TamaSi. isini transparantiani<br />

axalgazrdebis jgufs irgvliv Semoewyobian.<br />

ra Tqma unda, atydeba mcire CoCqoli – rogorc es<br />

winaswar iyo dagegmili. samoqalaqoSi gadacmuli xalxi<br />

cdilobs axalgazrdebi baqnis bolosken gadenos,<br />

rom iq avtobusebSi Serekos. roca xelis kvraze da gawev-gamowevaze<br />

midgeba saqme, axalgazrdebis rigebidan<br />

erTi biWi adgils mowydeba da samoqalaqoSi gadacmul-<br />

Ta kordons mxriT mkerdebze Seaskdeba. biWs saswrafod<br />

gaakaveben, magram is mainc ar SoSmindeba. maSin erTerTi<br />

gadacmuli mounacvlebs da silas gaawnavs... es iqceva<br />

afeTqebis naperwklad – axalgazrdebi Tavis amxanags<br />

gamoeqomagebian da atydeba xelCarTuli cema-tyepa...<br />

Stabis ufrosi gadamcemis Rilaks CarTavs.<br />

- ormocdaSvidi, ormocdaSvidi!<br />

- gismenT... (gadamcemSi baqanze atexili xmauri<br />

Semovardeba)<br />

188

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- ras akeTeb, Tu ici Sen! – yviris waraT waZe<br />

yurmilSi. – SewyviteT darbeva! tribunals gadagcem, Se<br />

mamaZaRlo, tribunals! es ra qnes, kaco, Tavi sad gamovyo,<br />

sad!<br />

- gauSvi, daanebe... - mSvidad ambobs simonaZe.<br />

waraT waZe swrafad Semotrialdeba.<br />

- Cven ase ar gviTqvams! – TiTs baqnisken gaiSvers<br />

Stabis ufrosi.<br />

- ar gviTqvams, magram, ras izam, ase gamovida. –<br />

ambobs simonaZe.<br />

gadamcemSi yvirili matulobs. simonaZe dacvaruli<br />

minidan kargad xedavs, ra areulobac trialebs baqanze.<br />

zustad garCeva imisa, rac xdeba, ukve SeuZlebelia...<br />

- gauSviT manqanebi. sxvanairad amas aRar moevleba.<br />

- Cailaparakebs simonaZe.<br />

moedanze qali gamoCndeba, romelic kedel-kedel<br />

modis da damfrTxali iyureba sadgurisken. simonaZe<br />

icnobs: es Tavmjdomaris mdivania. qali garbis da<br />

manqanas, sadac simonaZe zis, gverds auqcevs.<br />

- ki magram, isinic Cvenebi arian, rogor gavimeto!<br />

– sagonebelSi Cavardnili Stabis ufrosi da gadamcems<br />

gamorTavs.<br />

manqanaSi ayalmayalis Soreuli guguni ismis.<br />

- ra vici, rac ginda is gaakeTe, me Cemi giTxari. –<br />

ambobs simonaZe da yuradRebiT uyurebs qals, romelic<br />

moedans gadairbens da miwispira sarTulis kibeebze<br />

Cadis.<br />

trotuarze mobjenil fanjrebSi oqrosferi sinaTle<br />

ifeTqebs, farda gadaiwevs da qali gamoixedavs...<br />

Stabis ufrosi mkveTri moZraobiT gadamcems CarTavs<br />

da yurmilSi CasZaxebs:<br />

- ormocdaerTi! ormocdaerTi! midi! daiwye!<br />

- mainc... ufroso<br />

- Sen aravin gekiTxeba, Tu Zma xar! midi!<br />

baqniswina moedanze tentiani satvirTo avtoebi Semogrialdebian.<br />

gadaixsneba Zarebi da aqedanac e.w. “gadacmulebi”<br />

iwyeben gadmoxtomas...<br />

189

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moedanze saswrafo daxmarebis manqanebic gamoCndnen.<br />

vai-viSi da kivili matulobs...<br />

- aq Cven, mgoni, araferi gvesaqmeba! – ambobs waraT<br />

waZe da mZRols aniSnebs, wadio.<br />

- me vrCebi. – ambobs simonaZe da manqanis kars aRebs.<br />

- aq darCena saxifaToa...<br />

- me ar meSinia.<br />

simon simonaZe manqanidan gadmodis da oqrosfrad<br />

anTebul fanjrebs uyurebs...<br />

waraT waZe SuSas Camoswevs.<br />

- saRamos dapatiJebuli varT. misi Txovnaa piradad...<br />

xom mixvdi! – waraTi Tvals Caukravs.<br />

- mivxvdi...<br />

- aba, wavediT...<br />

manqana adgils mowydeba.<br />

marto darCenili simonaZe Cqari nabijiT moedans<br />

gadakveTavs...<br />

sadguris mxridan CoCqoli ar mTavrdeba. viRacis<br />

gulgamyinavi xma reproduqtoridan sazogadoebas sim-<br />

Svidisken mouwodebs...<br />

8.<br />

simonaZe safexurebs Caivlis da saRebavgadasul karebze<br />

daabraxunebs.<br />

zRurblze Tavmjdomaris mdivani gamoCndeba. Cans,<br />

icno stumari. dgas, xmas ar iRebs, elodeba, TviTon<br />

mosulma Tqvas pirveli sityva.<br />

arc simonaZe ar Cqarobs, Cumad aris.<br />

misCerebian erTmaneTs. elodebian.<br />

- SemomiSveb – ekiTxeba bolos simonaZe.<br />

- Semodi. - pasuxobs qali.<br />

simoni viwro derefanSi aRmoCndeba..<br />

- gareT ra xdeba – ambobs qali.<br />

- wvims... civa... cudi amindia...<br />

- es vici... sxva!<br />

- sxva, ar vici! – simonaZe Seecdeba gaiRimos.<br />

qali daJinebuli miaCerdeba TvalebSi.<br />

190

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- vin mogca Cemi misamarTi – kiTxulobs qali.<br />

- aravin. daginaxe...<br />

- msxverpli iqneba - qals mzera ufro gaumkacrdeba.<br />

- ra Tqma unda!<br />

- viTom gvaklia! – Tavis Tavs pasuxobs qali, mere<br />

isev kacs akvirdeba. – dasveldi...<br />

- cota.<br />

qali Tmebs ukan gadaiwevs.<br />

- aq ras vdgavarT, oTaxSi SevideT...<br />

sadguris moedanze sirenebi akivldeba...<br />

qali fanjarasTan midis da gareT gaixedavs.<br />

ca tyviisferia. wvims.<br />

oTaxSi siTbo, wesrigi da simyudrovea.<br />

- vicodi, ase moxdeboda...<br />

- Senc! – simonaZe savarZelSi CaeSveba, labadis<br />

folaqebs Seixsnis, fexebs mTel sigrZeze gaSotavs.<br />

qali isev fanjarasTan dgas...<br />

moedanze sadguris radioTi mokle-mokle brZanebebs<br />

gadmoscemen...<br />

- ra gqvia – ambobs simonaZe mcire pauzis Semdeg.<br />

- rosleni...<br />

- roslen, roslen! kargi saxelia. . .<br />

- ar geSinia – motrialdeba qali. – ar geSinia,<br />

rom erT mSvenier dRes SeiZleba erTmaneTi SevWamoT!<br />

- ara ... sxva ambavi ufro mawuxebs...<br />

- ra – qali kvlav fanjaraSi gaixedavs.<br />

- daviRale... mombezrda... adamianad cxovreba<br />

momenatra... – ityvis TavisTvis simonaZe...<br />

fanjrebSi – ramdenadac miwispira sarTulze mdebareoben<br />

– drodadro gamvlelTa fexebi moCans...<br />

qali sarkmels moSordeba.<br />

- erTi wuTiT, axlave davbrundebi...<br />

qali oTaxidan gadis.<br />

moednis xmauri – Zravebis Rriali da sirenebis kivili<br />

– matulobs...<br />

191

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daRlilobas Tavisi gaaqvs, mTeli dRis narben da<br />

daqancul simonaZes Zili ereva.<br />

bolos CaTvlimavs...<br />

9.<br />

...naxevrad SiSveli kaci garbis. dafleTili tansacmeli<br />

TiTqmis aRar ufaravs sxeuls. is xSirad Cerdeba<br />

da sasowarkveTili saxiT aqeT-iqeT iyureba. ezoSi<br />

giganturi sokoebiviT rezervuarebi dganan. kaci maT<br />

gverdze Caurbens.<br />

asi, aTasi, milioni mili erTmaneTSi gadaxlarTula.<br />

arc dasawyisi Cans maTi, arc dasasruli. milebidan<br />

ucnauri xmebi ismis, yvelaferi muSaobs, xmaurobs,<br />

zanzarebs. xalxi arsad aris, sicarielea.<br />

uzarmazari rkinis urCxuli TiTqos sunTqavs.<br />

nacnobi da avis momaswavebeli xmebi ukve aqac ismis.<br />

ketianTa razmi mekobreebiviT ipyrobs navTobgadamamu-<br />

Savebeli qarxnis teritorias.<br />

isini yvirian, sxvadasxva mxares garbian, yvela gzas<br />

uketaven msxverpls. milebze micocaven, kibeebze arbian,<br />

Sverilebze jambazebiviT konwialoben.<br />

- daiWi! ar gauSva! gza mouWeri! Cacxe! dalewe! dahkari,<br />

daaxrCve es RorisSvili! – gaborotebuli SeZaxilebi<br />

yoveli mxridan ismis.<br />

kaci garbis, ecema, miforTxavs, cxvir-pirs imtrevs<br />

da sisxlSi iTxvreba.<br />

ketianTa razmi sul axlosaa.<br />

win uzarmazari mazuTis gubea, ukan _ gaborotebuli<br />

mamakacebis xrova.<br />

kaci energiulad iwyebs gubeSi gasvlas, magram<br />

gadadgams Tu ara ramdenime nabijs, fexebi umZimdeba,<br />

qveviT da qveviT eqaCeba Waobi.<br />

ketianTa razmi daundoblad axlovdeba.<br />

kaci ukve garkveviT xedavs maT saxeebs, gaburZgvnil<br />

Tmebs, gauparsav pirs.<br />

192

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isini erTxmad dasWeqaven, dasWyivleben da mazuTis<br />

gubes ketebis Savi Rrubeli gadaefareba...<br />

10.<br />

simons qalis Semosvlaze eRviZeba.<br />

roslens maRali WiqiT cxeli rZe moaqvs, simonis<br />

win dabal magidaze dadebs.<br />

- dalie, gaTbebi.<br />

rosleni mopirdapire savarZelSi jdeba. qals wiTeli<br />

abreSumis xalaTi savse tanze mousxams. daZabuli<br />

ayuradebs quCidan Semosul xmaurs, romelic odnav<br />

iklebs imasTan SedarebiT, rac adre iyo. axla sirenebi<br />

Soridan gahkivian. moedans mxolod Zravebis Rmuili da<br />

gadaZaxilebi SemorCa...<br />

fanjarasTan viRac Cairbens. simonaZe SekrTeba.<br />

rosleni SeniSnavs.<br />

- aha, xom geSinia, xom geSinia Senc!<br />

- ara, ar meSinia. ar miyvars, roca vinme Cemze<br />

morbis, Cemze pirdapir... – ambobs simonaZe.<br />

quCaSi CoCqoli da ayalmayali axali ZaliT ifeTqebs.<br />

rosleni mxrebze Sals moixuravs.<br />

- aRar iqna amis damTavreba! damawyda nervebi! –<br />

ambobs qali. – gamagebine, ra xdeba bolos da bolos<br />

gareT!<br />

- igive!<br />

xmauri mkveTrad matulobs. simonaZe dgeba da fanjaraSi<br />

ixedeba...<br />

sadguris moedanze farebCarTuli satvirTo manqana<br />

wres Semouvlis da daikargeba. ucnobi xeibari rwevarweviT<br />

da xeljoxis kakuniT fanjris win Caivlis...<br />

simonaZe moixedavs.<br />

rosleni daJinebuli uyurebs.<br />

- ras maTvaliereb<br />

- me vici, Sen vin xar... ambobs rosleni.<br />

simonaZe qals miuaxlovdeba da Sals Semoaclis.<br />

- ra ici<br />

- vici. getyoba. miwis suni agdis.<br />

193

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- iqneb me is ar var, vinc var da var is, vinc ar<br />

var. ras gaigeb. es icis erTma. marto erTma...<br />

- me meSinia Seni.<br />

- ratom me yvelaferi SemiZlia. me SemiZlia xelis<br />

erTi aqneviT gavaqro Cemi mdevrebi. avaorTqlo Seni es<br />

qalaqi. gavakeTo, rac TavSi momivlis. oRond, mainc<br />

yvelaferi meordeba. amovida yelSi. raRac sxva minda.<br />

daviRale amdeni omiT. sul is erTi. erTi.<br />

- mesmis Seni, mec SensaviT var.<br />

- rogor, CemsaviT<br />

- oboli.<br />

- ra Tqvi, rogori<br />

- oboli. Senc da mec oblebi varT. mofereba<br />

gvWirdeba. siTbo.<br />

rosleni xelebs gaiwvdens, simonaZes kiserze Semoxvevs,<br />

TviTon fexebs gaSlis da kacis Tavs mucelze<br />

miikravs.<br />

- mere! Sen SegiZlia, momce! – ambobs simoni da<br />

Tvalebs vnebianad milulavs.<br />

- me SemiZlia mogce is, rac maqvs.<br />

- mets arc gTxov! – simonaZe qals efereba, mis tans<br />

mWidrod ekvris. – morCa. gamoviqeci. aRar arsebobs meti<br />

qajeTis cixe. Tavisufali minda viyo. adamianuri<br />

sikvdili momenatra. adamianiviT minda movkvde. gadavi-<br />

Rale amdeni sicocxliT.<br />

simonaZe vnebian biZgebs akeTebs.<br />

rosleni savarZlis sazurgezea gadawolili da<br />

meocnebe mzera gauSterebia WerisTvis.<br />

- Sors. Sors qajeTis cixe. marto SenTan. sul aq<br />

minda yofna.<br />

simonaZe qalis tans CaebRauWeba. kunTebi iZagreba.<br />

mTeli sxeuli caxcaxebs.<br />

uceb moeSveba. gamskdari buStiviT CaimCvareba,<br />

roslenis mucels miesveneba. gaxSirebulad sunTqavs.<br />

- morCi – webovani xmiT ikiTxavs rosleni.<br />

simoni xmas ar iRebs, TvaldaxuWuli isvenebs.<br />

194

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- Cveulebrivi. adamianuri. sikvdili. – Cailaparakebs<br />

TavisTvis da gaCumdeba.<br />

11.<br />

simon simonaZe svel quCaze miabijebs. xelebi TeTri<br />

labadis jibeebSi Cauwyvia. trotuaris bolomde rom<br />

midis, nacnobi guguni – Ceqmebis braguni da gulamovardnili<br />

qSena Semoesmeba.<br />

moixedavs.<br />

zRvispiris mxridan futkris gundiviT muStad Sekruli<br />

simonaZis ganuyreli mdevrebi gamoCndebian...<br />

simoni Setrialdeba da Tavqudmoglejili garbis.<br />

Sevardeba ezoSi, sadac Tokebze gakiduli afrebiviT<br />

TeTri zewrebi Sreba.<br />

ketianTa razmi kvaldakval mosdevs.<br />

simonaZe TaRian SesasvlelSi Serbis. mere manqanebis<br />

sadgoms gadakveTavs, Robes gadaevleba da mravalsar-<br />

Tuliani Senobis sadarbazoSi Sevardeba.<br />

liftis kars gverds auvlis. sirbiliT Seuyveba kibeebs.<br />

sunTqva uWirs. fexebi ekeceba.<br />

gaWirvebiT aaRwevs sxvenamde<br />

saxuravze wamiT Seisvenebs. sakvamle mils zurgiT<br />

miyrdnobili xarbad ylapavs haers. Semdeg isev garbis.<br />

saxuravis kidesTan Cerdeba. TvaliT zomavs manZils<br />

meore Senobis saxuravamde.<br />

qveviT quCa borgavs.<br />

simonaZe ukan daixevs, gamoiqceva da gadaxteba.<br />

... axla meore Senobis sxvenSi CaZvreba. sibneleSi kedels<br />

aekvreba. ketianTa razmis quslebis bagabugi zevidan<br />

ismis...<br />

simonaZe kibeebze Carbis. sadarbazos siCumeSi mdevarTa<br />

xmauri qvevidanac SemoiWreba – yvela gzas uWrian.<br />

... binis karebi saketebis CxakuniT iReba. axalgazrda<br />

kaci, romelsac bore bravia hqvia, nagvis yuTs gamoitans<br />

da karebTan dadebs.<br />

195

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xmauri Zalian axlosaa. iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba,<br />

TiTqos damfrTxali cxenebis rema Semovarda sadarbazoSi.<br />

bore bravia kedelTan atuzul simonaZes SeniSnavs.<br />

maTi mzera erTmaneTs xvdeba. uxmod uyureben. simonaZe<br />

TiTqos raRac dasturismagvars daiWers am mzeraSi,<br />

safexurebs Camoirbens da bravias zurgsukan karebSi<br />

SeZvreba...<br />

gaWedili kibe veRar UuZlebs mdevarTa simZimes,<br />

iryeva, zanzarebs. sarTuls sarTuli emateba.<br />

mdevarTa zeviTa daQqveviTa jgufi erTmaneTs bravias<br />

sarTulze xvdeba.<br />

bore mSvidad SeaTvalierebs ucnobebs, mere aseve<br />

auRelveblad binaSi Sedis da kars xuravs.<br />

ketianTa razmi TavianT gaugebar enaze raRacas<br />

CaiburdRunebs, wamiT Seisvenebs da xmauriT qveviT daqandeba...<br />

12.<br />

bore bravia winkars gaivlis da oTaxSi Sedis.<br />

simonaZe sibnelidan amoyvinTavs.<br />

momrgvalebuli oTaxis kedelSi datanebuli viwro<br />

fanjara devis cali TvaliviT iyureba.<br />

stumari da maspinZeli oTaxis SuagulSi dganan.<br />

- adre arasdros SemxvedrixarT. mgoni, aq ar unda<br />

cxovrobdeT. – maspinZlis wynari xma oTaxis cariel<br />

kedlebs aTbobs da simyudroves matebs.<br />

- marTalia. stumrad viyavi. – maspinZlis auRelvebloba<br />

simonaZesac gadaedo.<br />

bore bravia stumars zurgs Seaqcevs da dinjad<br />

daiZvreba meore oTaxSi gasasvleli karebisken.<br />

- Cven yvelani stumrebi varT. albaT, amitomac<br />

vcxovrobT ase TavaRebulad. – ambobs bore bravia.<br />

- ar vici. adre arasdros mifiqria, rom stumari var!<br />

– ambobs simoni da maspinZels ukan miyveba...<br />

13.<br />

196

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ore bravia simonaZes uzarmazar sabeWd saamqroSi<br />

ASemouZRveba. simoni gakvirvebuli aTvalierebs iqaurobas.<br />

wagrZelebul oTaxSi aqeT-iqeT sabeWdi manqanebi<br />

dgas. maRal Werze mZlavri dRis naTurebi SeukidiaT.<br />

oTaxSi xmauri da fusfusia. manqanebi sxvadasxva zomisa<br />

da Sinaarsis qaRaldebs beWdaven.<br />

- Zalian cudi. – xmas auwevs maspinZeli da gzas<br />

gaagrZelebs. – es ucodinaroba kacobriobas didi xania<br />

ukve awvalebs. adamiani yovelTvis gaurbis sakuTar<br />

TavSi CaRrmavebas.<br />

erT-erTi manqanis ukanidan axalgazrda kaci gamoZvreba<br />

da bore braviasTan Sedgeba. gaSavebul xelisgulebSi<br />

nabeWdi furceli uWiravs. furcels bores miawvdis<br />

da mowiwebiT miaCerdeba. bore swrafad CaaTvalierebs<br />

nabeWds da Tavs gaaqnevs.<br />

- aq, am adgilas es amoiReT da is CasviT, me rom<br />

giTxariT. – miTiTebas gascems maspinZeli, mere dasvril<br />

xels furclis patrons xalaTze Seaxocavs.<br />

axalgazrda kaci swrafad gauCinardeba.<br />

bore bravia simonaZes miutrialdeba.<br />

- ho, marTla, gaqcevaze gamaxsenda, es energiuli<br />

ymawvilebi, vgoneb, Tqven geZebdnen, ara<br />

- ki, me... wavidnen<br />

- wavidnen... Tqven mainc nu aCqardebiT, CemTan veravin<br />

gabedavs Tqvens Zebnas. – ambobs bore da wynari<br />

nabijiT miuyveba manqanebs Soris darCenil viwro<br />

gasasvlels.<br />

- cdebiT... isini yvelgan mipovnian!<br />

- ra undaT, ras gerCian<br />

simonaZe dafiqrdeba da mxolod mere pasuxobs:<br />

- ar vici da albaT, verc verasdros gavigeb. sul<br />

ase damdeven, sul, yovel wuTs, yovel saaTs, yvelanair<br />

amindSi, dRisiT, RamiT...<br />

- ar iRlebian – gulwrfelad kiTxulobs bore<br />

bravia.<br />

- ra daRliT, ecvlebian erTmaneTs...<br />

197

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- Tqven!<br />

stumari amoioxrebs.<br />

- me... daviRale... Cemi Semcvleli jer ar dabadebula...<br />

bore bravia simons qvevidan amoxedavs.<br />

- ucnauria!<br />

- ra aris ucnauri<br />

- ara... ise...<br />

kacebi Cumdebian. bore bravia skolis asakis biWTan<br />

Cerdeba da mis mier Sesrulebul samuSaos daakvirdeba.<br />

moiwonebs da mowonebis niSnad mxarze xels mouTaTunebs.<br />

simoni jer kidev SeumSral, axladdabeWdil furcels<br />

daswvdeba, CaikiTxavs da Tavis adgilze dadebs.<br />

mxolod axla SeamCnevs bore bravias mzeras,<br />

romelic simons interesiT swavlobs.<br />

- Cemi wasvlis droa. didxans SevrCi, Tanac samsaxur-<br />

Si unda gamevlo... – Cailaparakebs simonaZe.<br />

- samsaxurSi aseT dros! – eWviT kiTxulobs maspinZeli.<br />

- Cven ar visvenebT, Cven sul vmuSaobT. – siamayis<br />

grZnobiT ityvis simonaZe.<br />

- Tu saidumlo ar aris, miTxariT, sad muSaobT<br />

- adre “cixe-simagreSi”, axla “ganier-saxlSi”.<br />

- “ganier-saxlSi”! – bore bravias Tvalebi auTamaSdeba.<br />

– Zalian saintereso samsaxuri gqoniaT...<br />

kacebi erTmaneTs mravalmniSvnelovnad gadaxedaven.<br />

aq SedarebiT siwynarea, gamayrueblad aRar xmauroben<br />

sabeWdi manqanebi, aRarc Sav xalaTebSi gamowyobili<br />

muSebi fusfuseben.<br />

kedlebTan uzarmazari qaRaldis koWebia miwyobili,<br />

romlebic navTobis rezervuarebs gvanan. koWebs Soris<br />

masiuri rkinis kari moCans...<br />

- Cveni programa, axlaxans rom kiTxulobdiT, yvelaze<br />

racionaluri programaa... - ukve yvirilis gareSe<br />

ambobs bore da marjved Zvreba koWebs Soris. – magram,<br />

198

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samwuxarod, misi gamoyeneba mxolod mocemul etapzea<br />

sasargeblo.<br />

- mere Tu axla varga, mere ratom aRar ivargebs –<br />

kiTxulobs simonaZe da fexdafex misdevs maspinZels,<br />

cdilobs, ar CamorCes.<br />

- Semdgomi movlenebis ganWvretisaTvis simSvide da<br />

mocaleobaa saWiro. arc erTi da arc meore Cvens pirobebSi<br />

ar arsebobs. – pasuxobs maspinZeli...<br />

14.<br />

bore bravia rkinis kars miawveba da isic borblebis<br />

RrWialiT iseve daiketeba, rogorc gaiRo.<br />

isini dabalWerian, cudad ganaTebul oTaxSi aRmoCndebian.<br />

kedlebze stelaJebia damagrebuli. ganieri Taroebi<br />

Wers swvdeba. TiTo Taroze or-ori micvalebuli<br />

dausvenebiaT da gamWvirvale celofani gadaufarebiaT.<br />

- aq dajeqiT. – miuTiTebs bore simons da skams<br />

gamoswevs. TviTon kedlidan brezentis dasvril winsafars<br />

Camoixsnis, kiserze Camoicvams da welze Seikravs.<br />

oTaxis SuaSi rkinis magidaze kidev erTi micvalebuli<br />

asvenia. cal mxares fexebi gadmoukidebia. saxe ar<br />

uCans. mucels zewris karavi ufaravs...<br />

bore bravia magidasTan midis da micvalebuls Tavze<br />

daadgeba. xelebs zewris karavSi Sehyofs da raRacas<br />

saqmianobs.<br />

- ra azri aqvs iseT programas, romelsac momavlis<br />

danaxva ar - mTlad masec araa. aris momentebi, roca<br />

moqmedebis mizandasaxuloba da mowesrigebuloba yvelaze<br />

ufro mTavaria... – pasuxobs bore da qirurgiul<br />

instruments pirs usinjavs.<br />

- ara, - ambobs simoni da jdeba. – es mainc mxolod<br />

sityvebia, martoobaSi mofiqrebuli ... marto... sakuTar<br />

TavTan...<br />

- yvela genialuri azri martoobaSia mofiqrebuli. –<br />

rixiT iZaxis bore bravia da lancets micvalebulis<br />

sxeulze gausvams.<br />

199

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- ki, marTalia... – ambobs simoni. – magram, martooba<br />

da marto yofna, sxvadasxvaa...<br />

- maspinZeli swrafad amoZravebs xelebs. ise muSaobs,<br />

rogorc gamocdili dastaqari.<br />

simoni xmadabla da sinanuliT Cailaparakebs:<br />

- me... marto var! - is uceb fiqrebidan gamoerkveva.<br />

xvdeba, rom mTavar<br />

Temas gadauxvia. - ara, ramdenic ar unda mimtkicoT,<br />

mainc ar mjera arc Tqveni programis da arc Tqveni<br />

miznis... imitom, rom arc erTi Tqvengani gulwrfeli ar<br />

aris.<br />

- saidan gamogaqvT aseTi daskvna! – bore bravias<br />

xmaSi gaRizianeba igrZnoba.<br />

- Tqveni qmedebidan... Tqveni azrebidan...<br />

- ciliswamebaa! mtkiceba sabuTi marto Tqveni STabeWdileba<br />

araa sakmarisi ... – bore bravia micvalebuls<br />

Tavs anebebs da simons miaCerdeba.<br />

- Tqven suyvela pirvelobisTvis ibrZviT... mTavaria,<br />

aravin iyos Tqvenze win... sxva yvelaferi siyalbea...<br />

- Tqveni msjeloba demagogiuria. TqvenisTanebTan TanamSromlobis<br />

winaaRmdegi viyavi yovelTvis, samwuxarod,<br />

Cvens wreSi bevri ase ar fiqrobs.<br />

oTaxSi siCume Camovardeba. bore bravia micvalebulis<br />

sxeulidan sisxliT moTxvril guls amoiRebs, magidis<br />

Qqvevidan fexiT taSts gamoswevs da guls Sig<br />

CauZaxebs.<br />

- Tqven! Tqven ar gindaT, iyoT pirveli! ar gindaT,<br />

a! pirveli! – maspinZeli TvalebSi CaaSterdeba stumars.<br />

- me sxva mizani maqvs... minda gadavrCe!<br />

- mere ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom gadarCe!<br />

- sibraluli...…Tu vinmes Sevebralebi, gadavrCebi. Tu<br />

ara, daviRupebi...<br />

- axla arc omia da arc stiqiuri ubedureba, risi<br />

geSiniaT. yvelas Cven, jerjerobiT, ra Tqma unda,<br />

sakuTari sikvdiliT gviweriaAaRsruleba.<br />

200

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- ras eZaxiT Tqven oms – aReldeba simoni. – aba, ra<br />

hqvia amas! – simonaZe micvalebulebisken gaiSvers xels.<br />

- es Tqven eZaxiT oms, Cvens enaze politikuri brZola<br />

ewodeba.<br />

- daiRala xalxi!<br />

- mSvidi cxovreba TavisiT ar modis. es Tqven Cemze<br />

ukeTesad iciT. – ambobs bore bravia da welSi swordeba.<br />

– xolo, rac Seexeba…amas! – maspinZeli erTmaneTis<br />

gverdiT miwyobil micvalebulebs gaxedavs. samwuxaroa,<br />

magram, vicodiT, rom yvelaferi ase moxdeboda!<br />

bore bravia micvalebuls Tavs anebebs da rkinis<br />

pirsabanisaken midis.<br />

- erTi movlena Sobs meores. yovelive erTmaneTisgan<br />

gamomdinareobs. metsac getyviT... – ambobs maspinZeli da<br />

xelebs ibans, pirsabani wiTlad SeiRebeba. – Cven imisTvisac<br />

mzad viyaviT, Cvenve Segveqmna amgvari situacia. ra<br />

aris ramdenime adamianis sicocxle, Tundac Zalian<br />

axalgazrdasi, im naTel miznebTan SedarebiT, romliskenac<br />

Cven viswrafviT!<br />

- ar vici, ar vici! – ambobs simonaZe da dgeba. magidaze<br />

dasvenebul micvalebulTan midis, saxidan TeTr<br />

zewars Camoaclis da daxedavs.<br />

- miT umetes! Cven yvelaferi gvasxovs! – agrZelebs<br />

bore, TiTqos Tavis Tavs elaparakebodes. – kargic da<br />

cudic... isic ki gvaxsovs, rac bevrs eCveneba, rom dagvaviwyda...<br />

simonaZe micvalebulis saxes CaaSterdeba. uceb<br />

civad CaixiTxiTebs da zewars isev waafarebs usulo<br />

sxeuls.<br />

- me mainc veravin damamarcxebs! – ityvis Cumad.<br />

bore bravia dalaqavebuli pirsaxociT xelebs<br />

imSralebs.<br />

simoni Cqari nabijiT oTaxs tovebs.<br />

bore xelebis mSralebiT micvalebulTan midis, zewars<br />

aaclis da daxedavs. saxe aereva...<br />

micvalebulis saxe simonaZis saxis zusti aslia...<br />

201

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15.<br />

cariel quCaze telefonis jixurSi simonaZe dgas da<br />

viRacas elaparakeba.<br />

- rogorc xedavT, aq ise ar aris saqme, Tqven rom<br />

gindaT iyos, da arc iqneba... me albaT, aq davrCebi...<br />

axla aqauroba Cemi asparezi ufroa, vidre Tqveni ... imedi<br />

maqvs, rogorc zrdili mowinaaRmdege, momilocavT<br />

am gamarjvebas!<br />

am dros gaismis gasrola. jixuris Camsxvreuli mina<br />

asfaltze ifanteba.<br />

simonaZe welSi waxrili jixuridan gamovardeba da<br />

gaiqceva.<br />

quCaze manqana Semouxvevs. saburavebis RrWialiT<br />

swrafad axlovdeba.<br />

ukana karis SuSa Caiwevs da srolis xma isev ganmeordeba.<br />

erTi, ori, sami... tyviebi kedels zuzuniT exaleba.<br />

simonaZe waiforxilebs, ecema, dgeba, mainc garbis.<br />

quCis boloSi TaRiani SesasvleliT ezoSi Sevardeba<br />

da Tvals moefareba...<br />

manqana daamuxruWebs. adgilze datrialdeba da sapirispiro<br />

mxares gaqroldeba, rom simonaZes gza mouWras...<br />

simonaZe uzarmazar trial mindorze garbis, sadac<br />

Sambnarmodebuli, damsxvreuli agregatebis nawilebi<br />

yria.<br />

vardnili Wurvis wivili yurTasmenas axSobs.<br />

- daweqi! daweqi! – yviris veterani, romelic lelianiT<br />

dafaruli sangridan Tavs amohyofs da simonaZes<br />

energiulad uqnevs xels.<br />

simonaZe sangarSi iskupebs.<br />

afeTqebis xma garemos ayruebs. haerSi asrolili<br />

miwis beltebi simonas Tavze eyreba. gruxuni rom<br />

miwynardeba, siCume dadgeba.<br />

simoni miwas CamoiferTxavs da gverdiT Cacucqul<br />

veterans gadaxedavs.<br />

- gadavrCiT, xom<br />

202

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- es ra aris, Sen stalingradTan unda genaxa, ra<br />

ambavi trialebda. - icinis veterani. – qva qvaze ar dar-<br />

Cenila...<br />

- maxsovs, – ambobs simonaZe.<br />

- e, saidan! mapampuleb! – veterani TuTuns axvevs,<br />

eniT daawebebs da simonas miawvdis. – Sen maSin arc<br />

iqnebodi...<br />

simoni papiross gamoarTmevs da moukidebs.<br />

veterans Tavze rkinis Cafxuti axuravs, samamulo<br />

warmoebis karabini iqve miuyudebia. TuTuns TavisTvisac<br />

gaaxvevs da simonaZesTan erTad madianad eweva.<br />

- waviwevdiT cotas win, dagvartyamdnen, davixevdiT<br />

isev ukan... kidev waviwevdiT, gaxsnidnen cecxls, isev<br />

davixevdiT... bolos mainc gavtexeT... eh, ra dro iyo! –<br />

ixsenebs veterani.<br />

simonaZe adgomas daapirebs, magram veterani xels<br />

waavlebs da ZaliT adgilze dasvams.<br />

- aki, stalingradi maxsovso, ase SeiZleba! jer<br />

SevamowmoT... – veterani Cafxuts karabinis lulaze Camoacvams<br />

da sangridan amoswevs. roca darwmundeba,<br />

aravin ar isvris, TviTonac amoixedavs.<br />

mindorze Wurvis afeTqebisgan Rrma ormo gaCenila,<br />

romelic bolavs.<br />

TeTr kvamls grZeli, Tavgadaxsnili manqana<br />

gamoeyofa. saWesTan waraT waZe zis. gverdiT savarZelSi<br />

mamakacuri garegnobis qeraTmiani qali moTavsebula.<br />

mas saxelad kelminas eZaxian.<br />

waraT waZe manqanas sangarTan aCerebs.<br />

- aRar daamTavre, Se kaco, es manevrebi! – mimarTavs<br />

veterans. – amoZveriT axla orive zeviT, dagvagviandeba...<br />

male, male!<br />

veterani da simonaZe sangridan amoZvrebian. veterani<br />

Cafxuts da karabins TxrilSi moisvris, mere orive manqanaSi<br />

sxdebian da isic yanyaliT gauyveba Tvaluwvdenel<br />

mindors meore bolosaken...<br />

16.<br />

203

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goTuri stiliT morTul oTaxSi sufra gauSliaT.<br />

moxatul Werze Sekiduli WaRi uzarmazar oTaxs akaSkaSebs.<br />

kedelze meCxrad ramdenime suraTi moCans, holandiuri<br />

skolis wabaZviT daxatuli. Cinur larnakebSi<br />

vardebi awyvia. TeTri roiali TeTri gediviT Securebula<br />

SuagulSi. gaqaTqaTebul sufraze aTasnairi<br />

saWmel-sasmeli alagia...<br />

sufras aTiode kaci Semosxdomia. Sekrebilebi<br />

Cumad Wamen, mxolod dana-Canglis da Wiqebis wkaruni<br />

ismis. drodadro darbazSi juja Semodis da quslebis<br />

pakuniT raime axali saWmeli Semoaqvs...<br />

sufris TavSi, rogorc ojaxis ufrosi, Tavmjdomare<br />

zis. pijakis wina jibeSi cxvirsaxocis samkuTxedi<br />

mouCans. gverds meuRle umSvenebs – mokled SeWrili,<br />

SeRebili TmebiT da mwvane, gulamoRebuli, tanze koxtad<br />

morgebuli kabiT. ded-mamis gverdiT maTi qali-<br />

Svili zis, msuqani, gasaTxovar asaks gadacilebuli<br />

gogo, Suaze gayofili TmebiT, TeTri perangiT da<br />

perangze Zvirfasi mZivebiT. . .<br />

simonaZes magidis SuaSi uWiravs adgili, Stabis<br />

ufrosis gverdiT. ganuyreli TeTri labada iqve skamze<br />

asvenia. simoni waraT waZec WamiT aris garTuli. gverds<br />

kelmina umSvenebs, romelsac Wreli kaba mosavs. qali<br />

TiTqos damfrTxalia, cqmutavs, Tvalebs acecebs da<br />

nervulad ReWavs saWmels.<br />

“adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis” poeti – cigel aqsargeli<br />

maspinZlis qaliSvilis gverdiT moTavsebula.<br />

fermkrTali, avadmyofurad gacrecili saxe aqvs, cotas<br />

Wams, wamdauwum WiqaSi borjoms isxams.<br />

poetis Semdeg bore bravias nacnobi saxe ikveTeba,<br />

arafers ekareba, mxolod Sekrebilebs aTvalierebs,<br />

perangis Rilebi bolomde aqvs Sekruli...<br />

sufris boloSi krebebis ucvleli oratori – veterani<br />

moTavsebula, romelic gemrielad ilukmeba, yvelafers<br />

xmaurianad akeTebs da zedac aravis uyurebs...<br />

Tavmjdomare dana-Cangals TefSze dadebs, Tavs<br />

aswevs da sazogadoebas Tvals moavlebs.<br />

204

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- CamoasxiT!<br />

waraT waZe RviniT savse doqs aiRebs da kelminas<br />

dausxams...<br />

veterani xmauriT gaswevs skams da sufraze mTeli<br />

taniT gadaxrili asxams Rvinos...<br />

poeti Wiqas xels afarebs – ver davlevo. veterani<br />

aZalebs da Tavisi gaaqvs.<br />

bore bravia Tavis Wiqas TviTon Seivsebs.<br />

Tamjdomaris qaliSvili kremian namcxvars gadmoi-<br />

Rebs, farTod aRebs pirs da madianad ilukmeba.<br />

maspinZeli sasmurs daswvdeba.<br />

- megobrebo, me minda Cveni axalgazrda stumris<br />

sadRegrZelo SemogTavazoT!<br />

bore bravia simonaZes qvevidan gaxedavs...<br />

simons misi misamarTiT warmoTqmuli sityvebi ar<br />

esmis, isea garTuli WamiT...<br />

sufris wevrebi yovelgvar moZraobas wyveten da<br />

stumars miaCerdebian. Tavmjdomare agrZelebs.<br />

- diax, diax... me moxaruli var, rom is dRes Cemi<br />

stumaria da meZleva saSualeba, Cems ojaxSi mas madloba<br />

vuTxra...<br />

veterani gafacicebiT ugdebs yurs ufrosis yovel<br />

sityvas, laquciT Tavs aqnevs – es ra marTals<br />

brZanebTo...<br />

bore bravia kvlav warbebis qvevidan iyureba...<br />

waraT waZe TefSSi Cargavs saxes da purs wiwknis.<br />

misi Tanmxlebi qali waraTis melot Tavs gadaxedavs,<br />

amoioxrebs da daufaravi interesiT uyurebs simons...<br />

Tavmjdomaris xma ar wydeba:<br />

- marTalia, is Cvens koleqtivSi axali kacia, SeiZleba<br />

iTqvas, pirdapir cidan mogvevlina, magram ukve<br />

daamtkica, rom namdvili TanamSromelia. axla, roca<br />

CvenTan e.w. demokratiaa, TiTqos saCoTiroa, xalxs saTqmelis<br />

gamoxatvis saSualeba ar misce. magram, rodesac<br />

saqme exeba mTlianad qveyanas, anu mis mTlianobas,<br />

romelic Cven kidec gvaWmevs, kidec gvzrdis da kidec<br />

gvamyofebs am bedkrul wuTisofelSi... rodesac saqme<br />

205

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exeba xalxis simSvides... dandoba ar iqneba! ai, aseTi<br />

maRali donidan unda Seafaso, Cemo simon, Tqveni pirveli<br />

nabijebi am rTul gzaze da Cvenc ase vuyurebT<br />

mas... aba! icocxleT da kargad iyaviT, Cemo simon!<br />

maspinZeli Wiqas stumrisken gaiSvers. simonaZe Wamas<br />

Tavs mianebebs da Tavmjdomares naCqarevad miagebebs<br />

sasmurs.<br />

- gmadlobT, gmadlobT! – simoni Tavs ukravs sufris<br />

danarCen wevrebs, romlebic erTxmad svamen. – magram me<br />

ar var amdeni yuradRebis Rirsi!<br />

- rogor gekadrebaT, batono simon! – omaxianad<br />

daiyvirebs sufris bolodan veterani. – Tqven CvenTvis<br />

magaliTi xarT, magaliTi... aba, sxdomebiT da yrilobebiT<br />

xalxs ver daamSvideb... Zalaa saWiro, Zala!. Tqven<br />

genacvaleT, icocxleT... - da sulmouTqmelad dalevs.<br />

ojaxis ufrosi cxel kerZs mowydeba.<br />

- namdvili profesionalizmi yvelaferSi dasafasebelia,<br />

saqmis mcodne yvela adamiani xelovania. Aase ar<br />

aris, batono cigel!<br />

sakuTari saxelis xsenebaze poeti Secbeba, kisers<br />

waigrZelebs da sufris Tavisken gaixedavs.<br />

- asea, namdvilad asea, metsac getyviT, xelovneba da<br />

profesionalizmi siamis tyupebiviT erTad dadian,<br />

erTad daibadnen da Tu sikvdili uweriaT, aseve erTad<br />

aResrulebian... es me ar miTqvams, erTma didma poetma<br />

Tqva...<br />

saubarSi diasaxlisi CaerTveba – laparakis dros<br />

simonaZes Tvals ar aSorebs.<br />

- sityvam moitana da iqneb wagvikiTxoT rame Tqveni<br />

mravalferovani Semoqmedebidan, batono cigel. Cveni<br />

stumaric didi siamovnebiT mogismendaT. Aase ar aris,<br />

Cemo batono<br />

- diax, diax! – ambobs simonaZe da madianad ilukmeba.<br />

- vgoneb, dRes ar Rirs, raRac xmaze ar var. –<br />

ambobs cigel aqsargeli.<br />

simonaZe uceb Tavs aswevs da poets gauRimebs.<br />

206

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- xmas ra uWirs, CurCuliT iyos, ara uSavs. me miyvars<br />

kargi leqsi.<br />

cigeli simonis mzeras Tvals aacilebs.<br />

- keTili...<br />

cigeli Tvalebs gadaatrialebs da Wers miaSterdeba.<br />

Caaxvelebs, xmas Caiwmindavs da daiwyebs:<br />

- ... radgan erTxelac ukve iyo amgvarad vneba,<br />

me gamogyvebi, survilebad gardavicvlebi,<br />

yvelafers misi aqvs saSveli anda sicocxle<br />

Cemi sityvebiT siyvarulad aRnawerebi...<br />

bednierebis gadarCenas daveZeb SengniT,<br />

aRar yvavilobs daberebad qceula suli,<br />

romeli qveynis aRsavleTTan Segvamkobs RmerTi,<br />

davrCebiT veli cxenisfloqviT gadarbeuli...<br />

igive iyo, igivea igiv nervi, romelic feTqavs,<br />

es kavSirebi dawyvetamde daWima bedma,<br />

hangebad Troba garyvniliviT ar urcxvobs lokvas,<br />

saidan saiT gadawvdeba erTxelac locva...<br />

me mesmis oxvra: Sens Semdegac igive rCeba,<br />

igiveobis igavebSi CayvinTavs yvela...<br />

Semofrindeba mTaze mtredi ambisa mTqmelad,<br />

feri ferebSi Camavali ferebad dgeba...<br />

veterani auRelveblad icoxneba.<br />

waraT waZe da kelmina raRacas gadaulaparakeben<br />

erTmaneTs. qals sicili waskdeba.<br />

simoni poets uyurebs.<br />

maspiZlis coli - simons.<br />

Tavmjdomare – orives.<br />

msuqani gogo namcxvris Wamas amTavrebs da kremiT<br />

moTxvril tuCebs iwmindavs.<br />

bore bravia gaunZrevlad zis...<br />

- mSvenieria, ara, batono simon! – wamoiZaxebs<br />

maspinZlis coli.<br />

- kargia, kargi! rac mTavaria, originaluria! –<br />

simoni taSs Semohkravs.<br />

danarCenebic uxalisod ahyvebian. cigel aqsargeli<br />

nasiamovnebi ieriT moirgebs skams.<br />

207

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diasaxlisi gaxarebulia, rom stumars leqsi moewona.<br />

- kidev xom ar gnebavT, moisminoT!<br />

- Tqven Tu gnebavT, ratomac ara!<br />

diasaxlisi mravalmniSvnelovnad iRimeba. Tanac<br />

adgilze ver isvenebs.<br />

Tavmjdomare diasaxlissa da stumars Soris gabmuli<br />

uxilavi Zafis gawyvetas cdilobs da saubarSi iWreba:<br />

- kargi, gveyofa leqsebi! nadiroba Tu giyvarT,<br />

simon imedia, maqvs ufleba ase mogmarToT. rac ar<br />

unda iyos, Tqvenze ufrosi var. asec da isec.<br />

- ras brZanebT, rogorc geneboT. nadiroba, sxvaTa<br />

Soris, Cemi profesiaa, monkavSiris wevri gaxlavarT<br />

ukve ramdeni weliwadia! – ambobs simonaZe.<br />

- magas ra sjobia, ese igi me da Tqven erTmaneTs<br />

kargad gavugebT...<br />

- ra jobia naRd nadirobas. - CaerTveba waraT waZe<br />

saubarSi. – gaxsovs, yiameTis tyeSi!<br />

- gizo! – iWeqebs Tavmjdomaris xma.<br />

oTaxSi juja Semorbis da ojaxis ufrosis gverdiT<br />

dadgeba.<br />

- ar miyvars nadiroba! – ambobs diasaxlisi.<br />

- ratom - simonaZes msunagi ieri aesaxeba gamoxedvaze.<br />

- cudad moqmedebs Cemze sisxli!<br />

- nadiroba iseTive azartuli TamaSia, rogorc<br />

sxva yvelaferi, qalbatono! – simonaZe diasaxlisis<br />

qaliSvils gadaxedavs, romelsac axla qaTmis barkali<br />

dauTrevia da aqucmacebs.<br />

diasaxlissac gaeqceva qaliSvilisken Tvali, magram<br />

zizRiT moatrialebs saxes.<br />

Tavmjdomare jujas raRacas waeCurCuleba da isic<br />

swarafi nabijiT gaZvreba oTaxidan...<br />

- kacma yvelaferi unda icodes! – ambobs waraT waZe<br />

da kelminas niSnis mogebiT gadaxedavs.<br />

208

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- marTalia, marTalia... – xmas auwevs veterani. – ai,<br />

me magaliTad, sijansaRe da sporti yovelTvis mexmarebodnen<br />

Cems mZime cxovrebaSi, Cemi ambavi ki Senc kargad<br />

mogexseneba, Cemo waraT...<br />

poeti da bore bravia Sewyvetil dialogs<br />

agrZeleben:<br />

- arc wiTeli ar esadageba Cems suls!<br />

- ar brZandebiT marTali! wiTeli sxva ramis simboloc<br />

aris. Tqven xelovanma kacma, es Cemze ukeT unda<br />

icodeT...<br />

- risi “bordelis”!<br />

- ar gamagiJoT, marTla ar iciT! – bore bravia<br />

gulwrfelad gaocebulia...<br />

Tavmjdomare kbilebSi gaCxerili saWmlis gamoRebas<br />

cdilobs Canglis wveriT. hgonia, rom veravin amCnevs,<br />

amitomac Tamamad akeTebs Tavis saqmes...<br />

diasaxlisi WamiT garTul qaliSvils raRacas gadaulaparakebs,<br />

Svili gaRizianebuli pasuxobs.<br />

simonaZe deda-Svils daJinebiT miaCerdeba.<br />

isini CurCuliT Cxubs agrZeleben.<br />

msuqani gogo uceb SekrTeba – moeCvena, Tu marTla<br />

igrZno fexis Sexeba<br />

ara, ar moCvenebia! fexi zeviT da zeviT micocavs,<br />

putkuna wvivebze misrialebs.<br />

gogo dabneuli atrialebs Tavs aqeT-iqeT.<br />

bore bravia da poeti isev saubroben...<br />

waraT waZe da kelmina yurZens wiwknian...<br />

gogo simonaZis mzeras daiWers.<br />

fexi ukve muxlisTavs gacda...<br />

sakmao manZiliT mocilebuli simonaZe gogos gayinuli<br />

saxiT akvirdeba, tuCis kuTxeebSi Rimili uelavs.<br />

SeuZlebelia am siSoridan fexis miwvdena, es kargad<br />

icis gogom, magram SegrZneba sxva rames karnaxobs. fexi<br />

TeZoebs auyva. muxlebi TavisTavad iSleba da simonaZis<br />

fexi kabis qveviT sibneleSi miZvreba...<br />

msuqan gogos saxe aereva, loyebze wiTlad dafoTlavs,<br />

Tvalebic auwyliandeba... .<br />

209

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- ra mogivida, gogo! – SeuZaxebs dedamisi.<br />

- araferi... ar unda damelia... Semaxura...<br />

oTaxSi gizo brundeba. sakuTar sxeulTan SedarebiT<br />

orjer didi Tofi gardi-gardmo dausvenebia xelebze<br />

da xvneSiT moaTrevs.<br />

- o-xo-xo-xo, ra Tofia, ra Tofia! – aRfrTovanebuli<br />

wamoiyvirebs Stabis ufrosi.<br />

Tavmjdomare fexze wamodgeba, jujas iaraRs CamoarTmevs<br />

da xels gadausvams.<br />

- Tofi ki ara, adamiania, adamiani... gelaparakeba<br />

pirdapir...<br />

poeti da bore Cumdebian.<br />

veterani saTvales ikeTebs.<br />

ojaxis Tavi yvelaze did TefSs amoarCevs, xils<br />

magidaze gadmoyris da TefSs gizos gadascems.<br />

- aba, Sen ici! – iseTi saxiT ambobs Tavmjdomare,<br />

gaurkvevelia, Tofs mimarTavs, Tu jujas.<br />

juja oTaxis centrSi dadgeba.<br />

stumrebi kisrebs waigrZeleben.<br />

mxolod Stabis ufrosis Tvalebi daxtian eSmakurad.<br />

etyoba, waraT waZe bevrjer Seswrebia amgvar sanaxaobas,<br />

saxec iseTi aqvs – aba, naxeT, axla ra moxdebao...<br />

juja TefSs haerSi aagdebs da TiTebs yurebSi<br />

CaiTxris...<br />

TefSi naxevarwres moxazavs da SxuiliT daqandeba<br />

qveviT...<br />

Tavmjdomare ostaturad Seigdebs Tofs mxarze da<br />

Caxmaxs gamohkravs.<br />

TefSi skdeba, patar-patara nawilebad ifanteba...<br />

- ra icis es am kacma! – ukmayofilod buzRunebs diasaxlisi.<br />

Tavmjdomare gabadruli da amayi saxiT gadaxedavs<br />

stumrebs.<br />

- rogoria, rogori! – SesZaxebs gaxarebuli.<br />

- mefuri, mefuri! – aseve dasWeqavs waraT waZe.<br />

210

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stumrebi, ra Tqma unda, aRfrTovanebulebi arian.<br />

yovelTvis TavSekavebuli bore braviac ver ikavebs Tavs<br />

da saerTo xmaurSi erTveba.<br />

Tavmjdomare simonaZes Sexedavs.<br />

- mogwons – ekiTxeba xmamaRla.<br />

- saocrebaa, saocreba! – pasuxobs simoni.<br />

Tavmjdomare sakuTar adgils miatovebs, magidas<br />

Semouvlis da simonaZes miuaxlovdeba, Tofs erTxel<br />

kidev gadausvams xels, akocebs da simons gauwvdis.<br />

simonaZe fexs, msuqan gogos TeZoebze rom usvamda,<br />

uceb CamoiRebs, fexsacmelSi gauyris da wamodgeba.<br />

- dReidan es Tofi Senia. – ambobs Tavmjdomare. –<br />

gamomarTvi, kargad mouare, icode! CemsaviT uRalato<br />

megobaria...<br />

- ki, magram. – ambobs simonaZe. – SeiZleba iseTi dro<br />

dadges, Tqven ufro gamogadgeT...<br />

- araviTari “magram”. aq ufrosi me var. gamomarTvi. -<br />

Tavmjdomare Tofs stumars xelSi Caudebs.<br />

orive erTmaneTs daetakeba da magrad Cakocnis.<br />

- ra bedi aqvs zogs... – SuriT ityvis veterani.<br />

- sikeTeSi mogaxmaroT, batono simon. – Cveuli civi<br />

TavazianobiT ambobs bore bravia...<br />

- “saCuqari iyo wminda, viT qalwulis cremlebi”... -<br />

TiTqmis waimRerebs poeti...<br />

- amisTana TofisTvis eSmaks mivyidi suls. -<br />

gaiZaxis waraT waZe.<br />

Tavmjdomare simonaZes xels gadaxvevs.<br />

- dauZaxeT!<br />

juja sirbiliT midis karTan da maRal, masiur, CuqurTmebiT<br />

morTul orive naxevars xelis kvriT aRebs.<br />

oTaxSi fotoJurnalistebi Semocvivdebian, xmauriT<br />

Semoexvevian sufras. kisrebze aparatebi konwialobs.<br />

marcxena mxares, gulTan akreditaciis niSnebi uTama-<br />

SebT.<br />

Tavmjdomare da simon simonaZe Tofs SuaSi daiWeren,<br />

erTmaneTs xels CamoarTmeven da kedev erTxel<br />

211

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Teatralurad gadaexvevian – ise, rogorc oficialur<br />

samTavrobo Sexvedrebzea miRebuli...<br />

ukve sakmaod SemTvrali cigel aqsargeli isargeblebs<br />

Seqmnili areulobiT da TiTqmis SeumCnevlad<br />

oTaxidan gadis.<br />

cigeli derefanSi daketili karebebis saxelurebs<br />

mosinjavs. erT-erTi maTgani Ria aRmoCndeba...<br />

cigel aqsargeli gaSterdeba:<br />

did, naxevrad momrgvalebul oTaxSi iSviaTi silamazis<br />

cxeni dgas. “adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis” poeti<br />

Tvalebs ar ujerebs.<br />

cxeni Tavs akanturebs da naRvlianad uyurebs kacs.<br />

mis win iatakze sakmao raodenobis Tiva yria.<br />

cigel aqsargeli oTaxSi Sedis, cxenis win muxlebze<br />

dgeba, Tivis mozrdil bululs frTxili moZraobiT<br />

cxens pirTan miutans.<br />

- o, muza! muza! Wame, Cemo sicocxle. aq saidan gaCndi,<br />

Se dalocvilo, a! ra ginda Sen aq! Seni adgili<br />

sul sxvaganaa... sxvagan...<br />

cxeni Tavs miabrunebs.<br />

poets brazi waekideba.<br />

- ar ginda, xom! aba, sxva poetebis xelidan xom<br />

kargad miirTmev! xom yvelafers aZlev imaT. me ras<br />

merCi, me! ra davaSave, RmerTo Cemo, ra davaSave!..<br />

cigel aqsargels tirili waskdeba. Tivas moisvris<br />

da oTaxidan gavardeba...<br />

derefans barbaciT gaivlis. Cerdeba. kedels mieyrdnoba.<br />

wynardeba.<br />

cigelis win kari iReba. gamoCndeba gizo, romelsac<br />

Semwvari goWi moaqvs. juja aqsargels gverdiT gaurbens<br />

da gauCinardeba.<br />

kari Ria rCeba.<br />

oTaxi samzareulos warmoadgens, sadac ramdenime<br />

gazqura dgas da Rrma qvabebs TeTri oxSivari asdiT.<br />

gazqurebs Soris roslen faTaxi dafusfusebs. xan erTi<br />

qvabidan sinjavs wvnians, xan meoredan.<br />

212

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cigeli oTaxSi SeiWreba, kars miketavs da zurgiT<br />

miawveba.<br />

- roslen! - ambobs baxusSi CabuJbuJebuli xmiT.<br />

roslen faTaxi CamCiT xelSi dgas da cigel aqsargels<br />

uyurebs.<br />

- Zalian gTxov, cigel, axla araferi miTxra... –<br />

ambobs qali.<br />

- vin iyo wuxel SenTan, vin! – wamoiyvirebs poeti.<br />

- vin unda yofiliyo xom gipasuxe erTxel! Tavi<br />

damanebe! Tavi damanebe, gemudarebi!<br />

- ara, miTxari, vin iyo! – cigeli roslens mieWreba<br />

da majaSi waavlebs xels. – Tqvi Tqvi!<br />

- satana! eSmaki! da kidev aTasi jandaba. gaige axla!<br />

– gamoscris qali kbilebSi.<br />

- me vici... yvelaferi vici. arc Sen da arc imas<br />

kargi dRe ar dagadgebaT! – ambobs poeti.<br />

- daviRale Seni lodiniT. dRes-xval, dRes-xval.<br />

jer Sens colTan gaarkvie saqme, mere modi da gamomicxade<br />

pretenziebi...<br />

- Cems cols Tavi daanebe! – poeti roslens Ronivrad<br />

daqaCavs da tanze miikravs. – me Sen miyvarxar!.. Sen<br />

xom ici, me Sen miyvarxar!..<br />

cigel aqsargeli loSnaze gadadis. rosleni<br />

Tavidan iSorebs, magram mamakacis Ronieri mklavebidan<br />

daZvromas mainc ver axerxebs.<br />

- mec qali var, yuradReba mWirdeba, siTbo. ratom<br />

vijde gamoyruebuli da gelodo Sen...<br />

- movklav! – iRrialebs cigeli da qals xels<br />

uSvebs. – jer imas movklav! mere Sen! mere Tavs moviklav!<br />

ager naxe... ager naxe...<br />

poeti adgils mowydeba da derefanSi gavardeba.<br />

rosleni gamodevnebas daapirebs, magram, karTan misuli<br />

gzas aRar gaagrZelebs, iqve dabal skamze Camojdeba,<br />

CamCian xels saxeze miifarebs da Cumad, uxmod<br />

aslukundeba...<br />

darbazidan roialis xma ismis...<br />

213

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cigel aqsargeli kibeebze amorbis. fexs waikravs.<br />

ecema. Rvinomoreuls nervuli konvulsiebi emarTeba.<br />

- ratom gamwire, RmerTo! ratom! arc muza, arc<br />

rosleni. ratom! ra davaSave, ra!<br />

roialis xma ar wydeba...<br />

kibeze diasaxlisi gamoCndeba. cigel aqsargels rom<br />

dainaxavs, miirbens, Cacucqdeba, cdilobs daawynaros da<br />

fexze wamoayenos.<br />

- dawynardi, cigel, dawynardi, sircxvilia. adeqi da<br />

aiyvane Tavi xelSi...– diasaxlisi poets gaWirvebiT<br />

wamoswevs, kedelze miayrdnobs, Tmebs gausworebs. – xom<br />

ici, rogor momwons Seni leqsebi. isini SesaniSnavia.<br />

genialuria. me araferi msmenia am leqsebze ukeTesi...…<br />

ho, marTla, dedas geficebi. Sen bednieri kaci xar,<br />

yvelas uyvarxar. Sen bednieri xar, rom SegiZlia kidev<br />

ipovo am maxinj cxovrebaSi raRac lamazi, raRac<br />

adamianuri, raRac amaRlebuli. gesmis roialis xma! es<br />

is valsia, Sen rom giyvars da mec rom Semayvare... kmara,<br />

kmara amdeni melanqolia... modi, vicekvoT...<br />

diasaxlisi poetis xelebs kiserze Semoiwyobs da<br />

isini jer areulad, bRlarZuniT iwyeben cekvas.<br />

TanTadan ki cigel aqsargeli azrze modis da cdilobs<br />

diasaxliss fexi auwyos.<br />

- wamodi, wamodi, “zalaSi” SevideT...<br />

- rogorc ori siyvaruls monatrebuli gedi... –<br />

ityvis cigel aqsargeli.<br />

- SesaniSnavia! genialuria!<br />

diasaxlisi da poeti valsis taqtSi trialiT<br />

darbazSi Securdebian, sadac kelmina roialTan zis da<br />

ukravs, danarCenebi ki irgvliv wres uvlian.<br />

sufrasTan simonaZe Tavmjdomaris savarZelSi wamoskupebula<br />

da msuqan gogos emaslaaTeba.<br />

cekva mTavrdeba.<br />

stumrebi mxurvale taSiT kelminas madlobas uxdian,<br />

romelic morcxvad dgas da Tavs xris...<br />

waraT waZe gabRenZili gadaxedavs stumrebs –<br />

aqaoda, Cemma qalma ra mSvenieri nawarmoebi daukrao.<br />

214

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- kargia. mSvenieria. ise Semawuxa, mec ki davukravdi<br />

rames. aba, Semomitane! – gascems brZanebas Tavmjdomare.<br />

gizo karebisken gaiqceva.<br />

- kargi axla, nu Seawuxeb stumrebs! – ambobs diasaxlisi.<br />

stumrebi xmauriT magidasTan brundebian. cigel<br />

aqsargeli da diasaxlisi erTad sxdebian.<br />

- musikas vin Seuwuxebia, qalo! WeSmarit musikas! –<br />

ar iSlis Tavisas<br />

Tavmjdomare.<br />

gizo oTaxSi brundeba. xelSi wiTeli doli uWiravs,<br />

movlili, galaplapebuli.<br />

simonaZe dols Tvals gaayolebs.<br />

msuqani gogo pasuxs ar ayovnebs:<br />

- mama adre teqnikumis ansamblSi ukravda...<br />

sigelebic aqvs miRebuli.<br />

Tavmjdomare triala skams, roialTan rom dgas, fexiT<br />

gamoswevs da Camojdeba.<br />

stumrebi fexze wamoiSlebian da maspinZels Semoesevian.<br />

Tavmjdomare dols moefereba, xelSi SeaTamaSebs da<br />

dasakravad moirgebs.<br />

- eh, gafrenilo wlebo!..<br />

- aseTi lamazi saxli iSviaTad minaxavs. - eubneba<br />

simonaZe msuqan gogos.<br />

- samwuxarod, sanaxevrod gvaqvs gamoyenebuli...<br />

- mere! es naxevari mainc damaTvalierebineT!<br />

- gainteresebT!<br />

- ki... Zalian...<br />

- wamobrZandiT...<br />

am dros dolis xmac gaismis...<br />

msuqani gogo da simonaZe sufras toveben. maT<br />

gasvlas veravis amCnevs – Tu, ar amCnevs!<br />

Tavmjdomare dakvris eSxSi Sedis. energiulad iqnevs<br />

xelebs. waraT waZe arwiviviT gaSlis xelebs da wreSi<br />

iskupebs...<br />

215

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simonaZe maspinZlis msuqan gogosTan erTad derefan-<br />

Si gamodis.<br />

- iq, zeviT Cemi oTaxia, Tu gainteresebT...<br />

- me yvelaferi mainteresebs!<br />

simonaZe da msuqani gogo kibes aivlian da bnel<br />

oTaxSi Sedian. gogo Suqis CarTvas apirebs, simonaZe<br />

SeaCerebs.<br />

- ar aanTo... modi CemTan!<br />

gogos TiTqos hipnozi gaukeTeso, usityvod emor-<br />

Cileba stumars. simonaZe daetakeba da kocna-kocniT<br />

iatakze daagdebs, TviTonac zed daemxoba.<br />

- taur-taur-taur-dimtamta-dimtamta! – gacxarebuli<br />

ukravs ojaxis ufrosi, dols aqeT-iqeT atrialebs,<br />

haerSi aTamaSebs, lajebSi gamoitarebs.<br />

aRfrTovanebuli stumrebi sacaa taSs dascxeben.<br />

... simonaZec cdilobs, xvneSis, oxravs, moZraobs,<br />

ofls Rvris. msuqani gogo Tvalebs nabavs, krutunebs<br />

da ucnauri SeZaxilebiT simons abnevs...<br />

- dim-dim-dim-ta-ta-ta! dim-dim-dim-ta-ta-ta! – temps<br />

uklebs damkvreli, daiRala, male wesiT unda damTavrdes<br />

dolis braxuni...<br />

... simonaZec daiRala.<br />

dolis dakvra da wyvilis alersi erTdoulad<br />

mTavrdeba. qvevidan mxiaruli SeZaxilebi da taSis xma<br />

ismis.<br />

msuqani gogo simons CamoiSorebs, wamoxteba, kabas<br />

moiwesrigebs da kibeze daeSveba...<br />

moqeifeni sufras Semosxdomian. msuqani gogo ise<br />

iqceva, viTom oTaxidan arc gasula, Tavis skamTan midis<br />

da jdeba...<br />

- daviRale, xo ici Sen! – ambobs Tavmjdomare. –<br />

wlebi, wlebi!<br />

es sityvebi waraT waZis misamarTiT aris naTqvami.<br />

- asea, patara xom aRar ggonia Seni Tavi! – niSnis<br />

mogebiT ubrunebs waraTi.<br />

- fanjara xom ar gamovaRo – ekiTxeba diasaxlisi<br />

Tavmjdomares.<br />

216

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- kargi iqneboda!<br />

msuqani gogo fanjarasTan midis da mZlavrad daqa-<br />

Cavs saxelurs. gaReba da kivili erTia...<br />

fanjridan darbazSi ramdenime ketiani, wvermoSvebuli<br />

kaci mococavs.<br />

am dros mZime CuqurTmebiani kari anjamebidan mowydeba<br />

da zaTqiT daecema iatakze.<br />

Sav tansacmelSi gamowyobili ketianTa razmi xmauriT<br />

Semocvivdeba.<br />

kivilis xmaze simonaZe, aqamde iatakze rom iwva<br />

gaunZrevlad da isvenebda, gons moegeba, wamoxteba,<br />

Sarvals Seikravs da fanjridan gareT gadaixedavs.<br />

ezo ketianTa razmis wevrebiT gatenilia...<br />

darbazidan wivil-kivili matulobs...<br />

aq ketianebi yvelafers amtreven, magidas ayiraveben,<br />

Rrialeben, fexebiT Telaven saWmelebs.<br />

erT kuTxeSi miyuJuli maspinZeli da moqeifeni<br />

gulSewuxebulebi aceceben Tvalebs.<br />

erT-erTi ketiani zeviT mimaval kibes SeamCnevs,<br />

frTxilad iwyebs asvlas.<br />

simonaZe karis WuWrutanaSi mdevars kargad xedavs.<br />

roca ketiani oTaxs miuaxlovdeba, simonaZe adgils<br />

Seicvlis da karadis kuTxes amoefareba.<br />

mdevari oTaxSi Semodis, iqaurobas yuradRebiT<br />

moaTvalierebs, ramdenime nabijs kidev gadadgams da<br />

karadasac gauswordeba.<br />

simonaZis xeli haerSi gaiSxuilebs, wamiT zolad<br />

gaanaTebs sivrces da Caqreba...<br />

mdevari moceliliviT Zirs davardeba.<br />

simonaZe sanTebelas aanTebs da mkvdars daxedavs.<br />

qveviT aurzauri grZeldeba.<br />

simonaZe fanjaras gamoaRebs da saxuravze gadaZvreba...<br />

ketianebi gaxelebulebi amtreven yvelafers. esaa<br />

mxolod, rom adamianebs ar erCian.<br />

217

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skamze gadasvenebul TeTr labadas roca pouloben,<br />

yiJinas dascemen. ketianTa erTi nawili kibiT zeviT<br />

arbis...<br />

oTaxSi mkerdgapobili Savosani gdia.<br />

ketianebi uares xmaurs Seqmnian da aqac mimoamtreven,<br />

rac xelSi moxvdebaT.<br />

ori ketiani fanjridan saxuravze gadaZvreba.<br />

Senobis boloSi, sadac saxuravi mTavrdeba, simona-<br />

Zes mokraven Tvals da misken gaiqcevian.<br />

simoni saxuravis kidesTan dgas. mdevrebs Tvals ar<br />

aSorebs. ratomRac gaeRimeba.<br />

qveviT quCis Sav sicarieles dauRia piri.<br />

simonaZe gadaixedavs, mere ki Tamamad Caabijebs<br />

sicarieleSi.<br />

haerze mimavali kaci sul male sibneleSi daikargeba...<br />

17.<br />

wvims, ca fexad Camodis, saSineli qari xeebs ebrZvis.<br />

movardnilma TqeSma lamis walekos qalaqis gareubanSi<br />

mdgari patara saxli. drodadro elavs da atalaxebuli<br />

garemo cisfrad ifereba.<br />

galumpuli simoni CaJangebul boqloms xelSi SeaTamaSebs,<br />

meore xels karis Tavze moafaTurebs da mozrdil<br />

gasaRebs CamoiRebs, boqloms moargebs, gaxsnis...<br />

oTaxSi bnela, magram simoni ise iqceva, rogorc<br />

sakuTar saxlSi. xelis erTi moZraobiT poulobs<br />

CamrTvels da Suqs aanTebs.<br />

oTaxi myudro soros mogvagonebs – magida, ori<br />

skami, kuTxeSi midgmuli rkinis Zveleburi logini,<br />

SuagulSi Rumeli; kedelze ramdenime wignis Taro da<br />

zed ydebSemoCveTili sabavSvo wignebi; loginis Tavze<br />

guguliani saaTi.<br />

simoni samzareuloSi Sedis. gazquras aanTebs, Caidans<br />

Semodgams. oTaxSi brundeba. skams RumelTan<br />

miaCoCebs, xelebs Semoawyobs, Tbeba.<br />

218

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manqanis Suqebis anarekli jer erT kedels gadaivlis,<br />

mere fanjrebSi gakrTeba da sapirispiro kedels<br />

mieyineba.<br />

simoni sarkmelTan midis, gareT gaixedavs.<br />

gaCerebul manqanaSi ori silueti moCans. gaRebuli<br />

karidan pirvelad qolga gamoyofs Tavs, gadmodis<br />

qali da Cqari nabijiT saxlisken wamova.<br />

simoni RumelTan brundeba. farebis anarekli iseTive<br />

TanamimdevrobiT gaqreba kedlidan, rogorc gaCnda...<br />

karebi iReba.<br />

- asec vicodi! – ambobs qali, labadas SemosasvlelSi<br />

ixdis, fexze icvlis da oTaxSi Semodis. –<br />

vgrZnobdi, rom raRac mewyineboda...<br />

- gamarjoba! – awyvetinebs xmadabla simoni.<br />

mimzidveli garegnobis qali oTaxis SuagulSi<br />

Cerdeba. sadad da gemovnebiT acvia. grZeli, yavisferi<br />

Tma, aseTive feris Tvalebi.<br />

welSi moxril simonas TiTqos aSinebs qalis<br />

silamaze, Tvals aridebs, kidev ufro ikunteba, Rumels<br />

ekroba.<br />

- gagaxsendi, ara, rogorc iqna! - sayveduriT ambobs<br />

qali.<br />

- vici, davagviane... – Tavs imarTlebs simoni. – me<br />

Zalian mindoda, magram ver movaxerxe, gadaudebeli<br />

saqmeebi mqonda...<br />

- ras eZaxi Sen saqmes! – RimiliT ambobs qali. –<br />

aRar moTavda Seni zRaprebi. dagvyare upatronod da<br />

kaciSvilma ar icis, sad daeTrevi. ratom ar kiTxulob,<br />

vin gvaWmevs, vin gvaxuravs...<br />

samzareulodan Caidnis wivili ismis. qali<br />

samzareuloSi Sedis. simoni marto rCeba oTaxSi.<br />

- bavSvs raRas erCi... – ismis qalis xma. – momkla<br />

amdeni tyuilebis laparakma, mamaSeni mfrinavia, mamaSeni<br />

mezRvauria... daviRale!<br />

- Sen Tu ggonia, tyuils eubnebi! – TavisTvis ambobs<br />

marto darCenili simona. – SemiZlia... yvelaferi SemiZlia...<br />

miT umetes – me!!!<br />

219

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- rao, ra Tqvi – diasaxlisi oTaxSi brundeba, Cais<br />

Wiqas Rumelze dadgams. – gaimeore, ra Tqvi... vici,<br />

batono, frenac SegiZlia, yvinTvac ici, cecxlSic ar<br />

iwvebi... aRar minda es zRaprebi... me Tavi damanebe...<br />

qali loginze Camojdeba, zurgiT kedels mieyrdnoba.<br />

simonaZes akvirdeba. Caicinebs.<br />

- es ra gacvia saidan axali “Smotkebi” moipare<br />

isev, ara!<br />

simons mTlad wauxdeba saqcieli, acqmutdeba, aRar<br />

icis, romeli damalos – fexsacmeli Tu labada, ufro<br />

da ufro Ciavdeba. Tvalebs patara bavSviviT malavs.<br />

- marTali iyo cxonebuli mamaCemi, _ vinc yovelTvis<br />

garbis, an satanaa, an satanis naSieri... – ityvis Tavis-<br />

Tvis qali.<br />

erTxans oTaxSi mxolod saaTis wikwiki ismis.<br />

- Semdeg ardadegebze aucileblad waviyvan sadme... –<br />

amoRerRavs simona.<br />

- rac ginda, is qeni... oRond axla wadi!<br />

- am amindSi ZaRls ar gaagdeben gareT! – gaxedavs<br />

qals gulwrfelad gakvirvebuli simoni.<br />

- Sen TviTon gindoda aseTi cxovreba... ras izam...<br />

simona wamodgeba, labadis folaqebs Seikravs.<br />

- ar gamacileb<br />

qali uxalisod dgeba, sarkeSi sakuTar saxes mokravs<br />

Tvals, daakvirdeba, Tmebs isworebs...<br />

simona amiT isargeblebs, skamze gadakiduli qalis<br />

CanTidan safules daiTrevs da jibeSi CaaZvrens...<br />

qali Semotrialdeba:<br />

oTaxSi aRaravinaa. Ria karSi wvimis farda moCans<br />

mxolod da am fardaSi gaxveuli simon simonaZis<br />

bundovani silueti...<br />

simoni miabijebs. wvima saxeSi scems. motoris guguni<br />

esmis. xesTan Sedgeba, ukan moixedavs...<br />

saxlTan manqana Cerdeba. diasaxlisi gaSlili<br />

qolgiT gamorbis. manqanis patroni qals xels moxvevs,<br />

vnebianad kocnis, mere oriveni qolgis qveS SeiyuJebian<br />

da bilikiT saxlisken midian.<br />

220

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simona labadis sayelos aiwevs da gubeebian, talaxian<br />

quCas zRvis xmaurisken dauyveba.<br />

TqeSi ar wydeba...<br />

18.<br />

radiocentris derefanSi waraT waZe moabijebs.<br />

gverdiT adevnebuli kelmina cdilobs ar CamorCes waraTis<br />

temps. mkacrad Cacmuli mamakacebis mcire razmi<br />

TiTqmis sirbiliT mosdevs ganuyrel wyvils.<br />

isini viwro mosaxvevs gaivlian da xmis Camwer<br />

studiasTan Sedgebian.<br />

waraT waZe grZel, tyavis labadas mkveTri moZraobiT<br />

ixdis, daudevrad miugdebs kelminas da studiis<br />

zRurbls gadaabijebs.<br />

patara oTaxSi mxolod magida da skami dgas. magidis<br />

centrSi masiur mikrofons amouyvia Tavi – swored<br />

iseTs, ocdaaTian wlebSi rom iyenebdnen.<br />

waraT waZe Caaxvelebs, mere pijakis jibeSi CaZvreba<br />

da oTxad gakecil qaRalds magidaze dadebs.<br />

xmis operatori mikrofons CarTavs. SuSis iqiT<br />

gaunZrevlad icdis waraTi. sadRac zeviT, sibneleSi<br />

wiTeli warwera ainTeba: “siCume! mimdinareobs gadacema!”<br />

xmis operatori SuSis aqedan waraTs aniSnebs –<br />

daiwyeTo. . .<br />

- megobrebo!<br />

waraTi kidev erTxel Caaxvelebs.<br />

- megobrebo! debo da Zmebo! dadga dro, rodesac<br />

patieba aRar SeiZleba. dRes yovelgvari Sendoba sisustes<br />

niSnavs. Cven didxans viTmendiT, magram moTminebasac<br />

sazRvari aRmoaCnda... vin aris is, vinc Cven mosvenebas<br />

ar gvaZlevs! vin aris is, vinc Cven simSvides<br />

xelidan gvaclis! pasuxi erTia: xalxis, sazogadoebis<br />

mtrebi. isini ki Cvens Soris unda veZeboT. me vici,<br />

yoveli Cvengani imdenad keTilSobilia, rom sakuTar<br />

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Tavs damnaSaved ar CaTvlis. da marTalic iqneba,<br />

radgan arc erTi Cvengani damnaSave ar aris, magram ar<br />

dagvaviwydes, rom damnaSave Cvens Soris unda veZeboT.<br />

da vinc ar unda iyos igi, sastikad unda davsajoT,<br />

sastikad, magram samarTlianad! dadga dro, rodesac<br />

yvelam Tavisi mkvdari unda zidos. aqedan gamomdinare<br />

ki, yoveli Cvengani sakuTar mkvdarze agebs pasuxs.<br />

vinc ityvis: ara, Tqven ar xarT marTali, e.i. Cven, Cven<br />

ar varT marTali! – icodeT, rom damnaSavea da mteri.<br />

gaxsovdeT, yoveli Cvenganis valia, aRasrulos is,<br />

rac wesad Tqmula, rom masac is miuzRan, rac man<br />

sxvebs miuzRo. amas moiTxovs sazogadoeba, sazogadoebrivi<br />

samarTlianoba, sazogadoebrivi azri – erTaderTi,<br />

WeSmariti da ucvleli sazomi!..<br />

waraT waZe SeCerdeba da suls moiTqvams...<br />

19.<br />

welSi moxrili mwmendavi gulmodgined aprialebs<br />

Sav fexsacmelebs. cxvirSi Cagubebuli xma ucvleli<br />

toniT acxadebs matareblebis ganrigs. Sxuili da elmavlebis<br />

Sekivleba erTmaneTSi ireva. mziT gaCaxCaxebul<br />

moedans TviTmfrinavis gruxuni gadauvlis.<br />

simon simonaZe Tavisi ganuyreli TeTri labadiT<br />

mwmendavis win maRal skamze Semoskupebula, gazeTi<br />

gauSlia da masSi dabeWdil erT-erT fotos akvirdeba: -<br />

suraTze wina dRis Tavyrilobaa aRbeWdili, qalaqis<br />

Tavi simons saCuqrad Tofs gadascems, oriveni icinian<br />

da erTmaneTs mxurvaled arTmeven xels...<br />

Sors nacnobi Rrianceli atydeba – mdevarTa guguni...<br />

simoni wamoxteba, gazeTs moisvris, mwmendavs saqmes<br />

ar daamTavrebinebs, sadguris kedlis gaswriv qurdulad<br />

gaivlis da kuTxidan quCaze gaixedavs...<br />

... quCis meore boloSi mdevarTa razmi maRazias Sesevia.<br />

vitrinebs amtreven, arbeven, Zarcvaven, yvelafers<br />

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itaceben, rac xelSi moxvdebaT. mere yiJiniT gamocvivdebian<br />

gareT, gaSmagebulebi nadavlis gayofas iwyeben,<br />

zogi tansacmels izomebs, zogic saWmels etaneba da<br />

iqve, asfaltze garTxmuli madianad ilukmeba.<br />

uceb TeTrlabadians SeamCneven, sabrZolo yiJinas<br />

dascemen da nadavliT xeldamSvenebulebi adgils<br />

moswydebian.<br />

simon simonaZe kedels amoefareba...<br />

... uceb darbeuli maRaziis gverdiTa sadarbazodan<br />

amoyvinTavs. mdevrebs, romlebic misken morbodnen,<br />

zurgsukan moeqceva. maRaziidan sadguramde manZili,<br />

mdevrebma rom sirbiliT gaiares, TviTon Tvalis daxamxamebaSi<br />

gadakveTa; es wuTia – iq iyo, axla – aq<br />

aris...<br />

simonaZe Camtreul vitrinebs Cauvlis da swrafi<br />

nabijiT trotuars gauyveba... baqniswina moednis gavliT<br />

roslenis saxls uaxlovdeba. xedavs: miwispira sarTulis<br />

Casavlel kibeebTan da trotuarze momdgar<br />

fanjrebTan xalxia Sekrebili.<br />

mezobeli saxlis aivnze gadmoyudebuli qalebi<br />

erTmaneTs eCurCulebian.<br />

roslenis oTaxidan yvirili da qalis kivili ismis.<br />

SigniT Sesvlas aravin ar fiqrobs, dganan da uyureben.<br />

simonaZe Sekrebilebs gaarRvevs da oTaxSi Sevardeba.<br />

mTvrali cigel aqsargeli igineba, ilanZReba da<br />

kedelTan davardnil roslens wamodgomas ar aclis,<br />

xan TmebSi qaCavs qals, xan muSts Caazilavs, xanac<br />

wixliT miwvdeba.<br />

- Se bozo, CaTlaxo! mogklav! dagaxrCob! – Rrialebs<br />

“adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis” poeti.<br />

uceb simonaZes SeniSnavs, aRmarTuli fexi haerSi<br />

gaeyineba.<br />

xmauri wydeba, CurCulic ki aRar ismis garedan.<br />

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simona magidas Semouvlis, poets moulodnelad da<br />

mowyvetiT daartyams mucelSi; cigel aqsargeli orad<br />

ikeceba; simona mokle dartymas kiserSic daumatebs da<br />

poeti mosxletiT Caemxoba iatakze.<br />

- gaaTrieT es aqedan! – gascems brZanebas simonaZe da<br />

TviTon roslenisken daixreba.<br />

karebSi viRaceebi Semorbian, cigel aqsargels<br />

mxrebSi waavleben xels da oTaxidan gaaqvT.<br />

simonaZe qals wamoayenebs, savarZelSi Casvams.<br />

zRurblze Suaxnis kaci Cerdeba.<br />

- iciT, ras getyviT, axalgazrdav! am qalis gamo<br />

bavSvebi veRar gagviSvia ezoSi. xan erTi modis, xan<br />

meore. aRar iqna amis gaZRoma. gadavides aqedan, Torem<br />

viCivlebT da ZaliT gavasaxlebT! – yviriliT ambobs<br />

kaci.<br />

simonaZe qals Tavs anebebs, erTi naxtomiT kacTan<br />

gaCndeba, qeCoSi xels waavlebs da savarZelTan miiyvans.<br />

- aba, midi! Senia! midi! ra! ar ginda! aba, Tqvi, ras<br />

daZvrebi amis fanjrebTan RamRamobiT! colze didi<br />

xania aRar migdis, ara, guli! wadi, jer Seni colis<br />

bozoba moikiTxe da mere gavarkvioT, vin gavasaxloT,<br />

vin davtovoT! wadi-meTqi!<br />

simonaZe kacs aseve qeCoSi xelwavlebuls miiyvans<br />

gasasvlelTan, gareT gaagdebs da kars xmauriT<br />

daxuravs. mere isev gamoaRebs da Sekrebilebs gasZaxebs:<br />

- arc erTi ar xarT ukeTesi! arc erTi!<br />

simonaZe roslens sawolze gadaiyvans. qali SiSs<br />

autania, kankalebs, kacs ekvris.<br />

- moval axlave.<br />

simonaZe saabazanoSi sinaTles aanTebs. labadaze<br />

dawveTebul sisxlis laqas SeniSnavs, wyals mouSvebs,<br />

gamorecxavs. mere pirsaxocs daasvelebs da oTaxSi<br />

gadis...<br />

roslenis gverdiT, sawolze Camojdeba. svel pirasaxocs<br />

dabeJil adgilebze Seaxebs, mowmindavs.<br />

224

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qali slukunebs, drodadro tkivilisgan krTeba.<br />

simonaZe pirsaxocs moisvris da qals Tvalebze<br />

xelisgulebs daafarebs. nel-nela slukuni iklebs,<br />

rosleni mSviddeba, irindeba.<br />

miTvlemili rosleni gaunZrevlad wevs.<br />

simonaZe savarZelSi CaeSveba. etyoba, daRlilia.<br />

swored am dros fanjara zaTqiT imsxreva da oTaxSi<br />

ucnobi Semovardeba. simona ar daibneva, moxerxebulad<br />

CamoiSorebs mas da karTan miirbens, magram viRacis<br />

xeli Zlieri dartymiT Searyevs. simonaZe dabarbacdeba<br />

da mowyvetiT davardeba Zirs. imave wuTSi xelebs<br />

augrixaven.<br />

iataks saxiT gakruli simonaZe igrZnobs, rogor<br />

Seikraven pirs mis majaze rkinis samajurebi...<br />

- kanonis ZaliT Tqven dapatimrebuli xarT! – Caesmis<br />

boxi xma...<br />

21.<br />

civi, nestiani da uzarmazari oTaxi. cementis iataki.<br />

SuagulSi maRalzurgiani, mouxerxebeli savarZeli.<br />

savarZlis win magida. magidas miyrdnobili waraT waZe.<br />

savarZelSi simoni – mas xelebi isev Sekruli aqvs. iqiT,<br />

siRrmeSi erTnairad Cacmuli mamakacebi bolTas scemen.<br />

simoni oTaxs gulgrili mzeriT aTvalierebs.<br />

iqauroba magidaze dadgmuli Zlieri naTuriT naTdeba.<br />

moSorebiT Txeli tixari moCans. tixari oTaxs or<br />

araTanabar nawilad yofs da uzarmazar Wers naxevramdec<br />

ver wvdeba. xangamoSvebiT tixris ukan rkinis<br />

karebis Wriali ismis. avardnili cecxlis ena wamiT<br />

anaTebs waraTis saxes. ismis Semzaravi yvirili da<br />

yvelaferi uceb wynardeba...<br />

- Sens gamoCenas cudis meti araferi moutania, areuloba<br />

gvaklda Cven! jer iyo da xalxi dagvarbevine,<br />

mere es gaburZgnulebi. vin arian, vin! Sen gekiTxebi! –<br />

agrZelebs waraT waZe dawyebul dakiTxvas.<br />

225

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- xom giTxari, me damsdeven, Cemi mokvla undaT! –<br />

mZimed ambobs simonaZe.<br />

- dagsdeven ki ara, is! daangries qalaqi, qurdoben,<br />

bozoben, xalxs ateroreben...<br />

- magaT Tqven ver moereviT! – wynarad pasuxobs simoni.<br />

- Sen, Sen gvibiZge, rom es nabiji gadagvedga! Sen<br />

damnaSave xar, Seni mdevrebi ki saTiTaod gasawyvetia.<br />

Aara imis gamo, Sen CamogaSoroT, aramed imisaTvis, rom<br />

qalaqSi disciplina da wesrigi damyardes! vin xar,<br />

bolos da bolos, gviTxari! saidan moeTrie Cvens<br />

qalaqSi! jer iyo da yvelas tvini agvirie; ise gamovida,<br />

viTomc darbeva Cveni mowyobili iyos, axla kidev<br />

wuxandeli SemTxveva. Sen gesmis, ras niSnavs, roca<br />

xalxi iTxovs! xalxi ki iTxovs!<br />

- am Cems fexebs! - Riziandeba simoni.<br />

- Sen cota wesierad! – xmas auwevs waraTi.<br />

- me mxolod vTqvi, Tqven aRasruleT. aqedan –<br />

maradiuli problema, vin aris damnaSave: is, vinc Tqva,<br />

Tu is, vinc gaakeTa...<br />

- ra Tqma unda, vinc Tqva... waraTi simonTan axlos<br />

midis.<br />

- imitom, rom Sen ase gawyobs, ara! – Caicinebs<br />

simonaZe.<br />

- imitom, rom es asea! – daJinebiT ambobs waZe.<br />

- kargi, davuSvaT, darbevis idea me mekuTvnis.<br />

- davuSvaT ki ara, Sen gekuTvnis, aba vis!<br />

- vin daadasturebs, rom idea Cemia... mowme!<br />

- me!<br />

- “Sen” ar varga. Sen bralmdebeli xar da ara gaqvs<br />

ufleba, mowmec iyo erTdroulad...<br />

- maSin Cveni Tavmjdomare!<br />

- arc Tavmjdomare varga. vin daujerebs xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenels xelisufleba xom adamianebis<br />

erTma jgufma imisTvis moigona, is akeTos, rac TavSi<br />

226

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wamouqrolebs. rodis iyo xalxs ekiTxebodiT rames!<br />

axla, axla moginda xalxis saxeliT laparaki! ara,<br />

Cemo waraT, ara, eg xafangi SenisTanebisTvisaa mofiqrebuli<br />

CemisTanebis mier, icode!<br />

- gadiT yvelani gareT, marto unda velaparako<br />

patimars! – ambobs uceb waraTi.<br />

kacebi oTaxidan gadian.<br />

marto darCenili waraTi da simoni erTmaneTs mia-<br />

Cerdebian.<br />

- Sen namdvilad mogzavnili xar! – TiTqos didi<br />

aRmoCena gaakeTao, ise ambobs waraTi. – visi davalebiT<br />

moqmedeb<br />

- me Cemi interesi maqvs. Cemi!<br />

- masxrad migdeb, ara! – waraTi pauzas gaakeTebs,<br />

TiTqos naxtomisTvis emzadebao, mere ki mTeli xmiT<br />

dasWeqavs: - kelmin! kelmin!<br />

tixari xrialiT gaCoCdeba da cecxlis siwiTlidan<br />

qalis figura amoyvinTavs. mas maisuri acvia. grZel,<br />

cxenismagvar ybas Seuvali, civi Tvalebi emateba. Ronieri<br />

mklavebi muxlebamde wvdeba.<br />

qali savarZels Semouvlis da simons Tavze daadgeba.<br />

simonaZe waraTis sayvarels qvevidan amoxedavs.<br />

- Seaxure erTi, iqneb mixvdes raze velaparakebi! –<br />

gascems brZanebas destabilizaciis Stabis ufrosi.<br />

- ar gjera, ara! uaresis Rirsi var... – kbilebSi<br />

gamoscris simonaZe.<br />

- adeqi, bevrs nu laparakob! – kelmina maTraxs<br />

moiqnevs da haerSi gaatylaSunebs.<br />

simoni kelminas winamZRolobiT oTaxs gaivlis da<br />

tixars iqiT gadis.<br />

iq ramdenime rkinis urika dgas. meTlaxis iatakze<br />

sisxlis nakvalevi moCans. erT kuTxeSi tansacmlis<br />

grova yria. meore kuTxeSi, magidaze, kovziani Cais Wiqa<br />

da mokbeCili puris natexi devs. meore kedelze ram-<br />

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denime rkinis sarqveliani buxaria, saidanac cecxlis<br />

gizgizis xma ismis.<br />

simoni Tavisuflad gamoaZvrens daketili samajuridan<br />

marcxena xels da erT-erTi buxris sarqvels<br />

gaxsnis, Ria xaxidan cecxlis enebi gamoiklakneba. simonaZe<br />

xels win gaiSvers. xeli cecxlis alSi gaexveva.<br />

gaSterebuli kelmina oTaxis zRurblze gaCerebul<br />

waraTs gaxedavs. waZe Tvalebs ar ujerebs.<br />

simonaZes eSmakurad eRimeba. gavarvarebul xels<br />

cecxlidan gamoitans, meore xeliT jibidan sigarets<br />

amoaZvrens da gawiTlebul majaze moukidebs. mere xels<br />

isev rkinis samajurSi SeaZvrens.<br />

- ase, Cemo waraT, me mesmis Seni, kaci xar da Seni<br />

angariSi gaqvs. im gaburZgnulebis CamoSoreba mxolod<br />

erTad SegviZlia, magram uCemod, icode, ar gamova es<br />

saqme. xom xvdebi, a, waraT! – simonaZe waraTTan axlos<br />

midis da TvalebSi Caxedavs. – kargi qalaqia, mSvidi. me<br />

momwons Zalian... Tanac umetesoba Cemianebi xarT. ase<br />

rom, Cven orive erT saqmes vakeTebT! gasagebia!<br />

- aq ufrosi me var! – gons moegeba waraTi, Tumca<br />

xmaSi mainc emCneva bzari.<br />

- vici, vici. – ambobs simona. – gamixseni erTi, Tu<br />

kaci xar!<br />

simoni Sekrul xelebs gauwvdis. waraTi jibidan<br />

patara gasaRebs amoiRebs da samajurebi tkacuniT<br />

ixsneba. simoni dabuJebul majebs isrisavs, amoZravebs.<br />

- aba, aq dgomis dro aRaraa. wavedi. Sen, Cemo waraT,<br />

roca damWirdebi, Segatyobineb. erTad unda davartyaT,<br />

erTad!<br />

simonaZe waraTs mxarze daadgams xels. waraTi Sekr-<br />

Teba, xeli isev cxeli hgonia. simonaZe yurTan miutans<br />

tuCebs.<br />

- male dadgeba dro, male! iseTi cecxli davatrialoT,<br />

es (sarqvelebze aniSnebs) monagoni iqneba...<br />

228

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oRond me unda damijero... me!!! sxvanairad wesrigi ar<br />

damyardeba... daimaxsovre!<br />

simonaZis nabijebi meTlaxis qvafenilze eqod gaismis.<br />

waraTi da kelmina enaCavardnilebi gaqvavebulan...<br />

22.<br />

zRvaze dilis nisli wevs. satvirTo portis cxvirmokakuli<br />

amweebi gulisgamawvrileblad RrWialeben...<br />

yavisferi marmarilosgan nagebi svetebiani Senobidan<br />

– kibeebiT, kolonadiT, figuruli naTurebiT orive<br />

mxares da mcire moedniT centraluri Sesasvlelis win<br />

- simonaZe dinji nabijiT gamodis, xelis aqneviT<br />

moixmobs etls da Zveli frantiviT Sexteba safexurze.<br />

etli zanzalakebis wkaruniT viwro quCaze gauxvevs.<br />

simonaZe savarZlis qveS xels Seacurebs, spilos<br />

Zvlis trosts gamoiRebs, SeaTamaSebs, mere xelebs<br />

jvaredinad zed daalagebs, Tavs arwiviviT SemarTavs<br />

da ratomRac uceb uazrod gadaixarxarebs...<br />

roca etli palmebian xeivans gacdeba da zRvispirisken<br />

aiRebs gezs, quCaze simonaZis mdevrebi gamoefinebian<br />

yiJiniT da etls ukan daedevnebian...<br />

simonaZe meetles zurgSi joxs mikravs:<br />

- gaaqane! gaaqane!<br />

meetle maTraxs gaatylaSunebs, cxenebi CorTidan<br />

Wenebaze gadadian.<br />

simonaZe fexze wamodgeba, xelebs haerSi SemarTavs,<br />

trosts TavszeviT daatrialebs da mdevrebs gasZaxebs:<br />

- hei! unifxvoebo! ar gesmiT! Tavi damanebeT,<br />

damanebeT, ar xarT Tqven Cemi damWeri, ara! mTeli<br />

cxovreba msdieT – mainc ver damiWerT! unifxvoebo!<br />

araqaTgamoclili razmi uazro yviriliT etls<br />

mainc ukan misdevs.<br />

- me sikvdili momaqvs TqvenTvis! sikvdili! mecodebiT,<br />

unifxvoebo! mze erTxel Semovlas daamTavrebs<br />

da me vnaxav WaobSi Cayril Tqvens ayrolebul leSebs!<br />

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Cemi xelebi, Cemi es xelebi ki sufTa unda iyos da<br />

iqneba kidec! arc erTi wveTi sisxli! arcerTi!<br />

mdevarTa aRtkineba, gamowveuli miznis ase axlodan<br />

danaxviT, ar cxreba, magram fizikuri Zalebi gamoilia.<br />

mdevrebi TandaTan Sordebian etls, maT Soris manZili<br />

izrdeba.<br />

bolos etli simonaZis xarxaris eqoSi Seuxvevs da<br />

Tvals moefareba.<br />

mdevrebi kidev ramdenime nabijs gadadgamen da<br />

saTiTaod daeyrebian asfaltze. gulebs bagabugi gaaqvs.<br />

xrialiT da xarbad isunTqaven haers.<br />

miuxedavad aseTi mdgomareobisa, maTi tuCebi kvlav<br />

CurCuleben:<br />

- sikvdili! sikvdili... satanas!<br />

23.<br />

etli mravalsarTuliani Senobis win Cerdeba.<br />

simonaZe Camoxteba da sadarbazosken gaemarTeba.<br />

- ufroso, me ar gamiSveb – gadmosZaxebs meetle.<br />

- gaswi! – paTetikurad aiqnevs xels simonaZe.<br />

- ma, fuli!<br />

- ho, marTla... – simonaZe colisTvis awapnul<br />

safules amoiRebs da meetles gadaugdebs. – Seni iyos!<br />

meetle safules jibeSi itenis, _ icocxleT –<br />

ityvis, sadaveebs daqaCavs da iqaurobas gaecleba imis<br />

SiSiT, ucnaurma mgzavrma ar gadaifiqroso...<br />

simonaZe stambaSi moabijebs, sadac Cveuli fusfusia:<br />

Sav xalaTebSi gamowyobili muSebi WianWvelebiviT<br />

daxvevian sabeWd manqanebs.<br />

simonaZe ostaturad gaZvreba qaRaldis koWebSi da<br />

rkinis masiur kars WrialiT gaswevs.<br />

bore bravia Cveuli saqmiT aris dakavebuli. Taroebze<br />

isev awyvia celofanSi gaxveuli micvalebulebi.<br />

bores win, rkinis sakaceze, morigi cxedari asvenia.<br />

bravia saqmis codniT kveTavs usulo sxeuls.<br />

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- o, batono simon! ar gelodiT. sad daikargeT im<br />

Ramis mere, SevwuxdiT, kaco, Zalian SevwuxdiT! - Tavs<br />

aswevs da iRimeba bravia.<br />

- momdeven!<br />

- vin<br />

- mdevrebi!<br />

- mere<br />

- mere is, rom sikvdilio, yvirodnen!<br />

- viso esaa mTavari!<br />

- me! me – sikvdilio! viTom me sikvdili viyo!<br />

- es araferi! yvelaferi dasaSvebia.<br />

- ra aris dasaSvebi, batono bore, isini xom amiT<br />

Tqvenc geubnebian, sikvdilio. marto me ki ara, Tqvenc.<br />

saerTod yvelas!<br />

- me ras merCian... sigiJea raRac...<br />

- ki, sigiJea!<br />

- ara uSavs, moviTminoT kidec cota xani da dalagdeba<br />

qveyana, aba, ras izams! – ambobs bore bravia da<br />

isev qirurgiaSi varjiSs agrZelebs.<br />

- moviTminoT, batono, magram amaT, amaT ra qnan<br />

(micvalebulebze miuTiTebs) adamiani erTxel ibadeba.<br />

ar SeuZlia moTmena!<br />

- amaSia saqme, ar icnob Cvens programas; yuradRebiT<br />

rom gacnobodi, maSin kargad mixvdebodi, saiT midis<br />

yvelaferi... – wamoiZaxebs bore bravia.<br />

- vxedav, saiTac midis, magram ar mjera Tqveni<br />

programis da momkali. ratom unda viyoT daprogramebulebi<br />

da erTnairebi! me SemiZlia gavakeTo is, rac<br />

minda. aseve, Senc SegiZlia gaakeTo is, rac Sens suls<br />

da guls gaexardeba. ganTavisufldi. galaRdi. ra<br />

SuaSia aq programa... – simonaZe braviasTan axlos midis<br />

da cdilobs, saxeSi Caxedos.<br />

- ar vici, seriozulad laparakobT Tu ara, magram<br />

Cvenma programam rom xalxi gamoafxizla, es ukve<br />

aSkaraa... – Tavis auReblad ambobs bravia.<br />

231

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- mere ra dainaxes gamofxizlebulebma ai, aman<br />

(micvalebulebze miuTiTebs), aman ra dainaxa!<br />

bore mkvdris gakveTas Sewyvets, welSi gaimarTeba,<br />

simonaZes yuradRebiT Sexedavs.<br />

- me vxedav, Tqven is ar unda iyoT, vinc megoneT!<br />

- yuradRebiT momismine, batono bore, rasac axla<br />

vambob, arasdros ar miTqvams. marTali xar, me is ar<br />

var, vinc var. me qveyanas imitom movevline, Tqven gipatronoT.<br />

ho, nu gecineba! me SemiZlia, yvelafers Tavisi<br />

adgili mivuCino. oRond erT rameSi meSleba xeli...<br />

- ise laparakobT, raRac gegma gaqvT, ara!<br />

- gegma da programa aRar unda amoigdoT Tavidan!<br />

gegma ki ara, amyoli mWirdeba.<br />

- vin – bravias gamokveTilad Seetyo, rom sabolood<br />

daibna.<br />

- CemisTana ki ara. amyoli. WkuaSi rom amyveba.<br />

- ar mesmis<br />

- magaliTad, Tqven!<br />

- me<br />

- diax, Tqven!<br />

- sigiJea raRac... - Cailaparakebs bravia. – ase rom<br />

laparakob, zusti gezi unda icode! dRes aravin ar<br />

icis zusti gezi...<br />

- Sen gjera, rom aravin icis – simonaZes Caecineba.<br />

- sainteresoa! – ambobs TavisTvis bravia.<br />

simonaZe sakacis qveS xels Sehyofs, sxvadasxva zomis<br />

qilebs gaswi-gamoswevs da galaplapebul orlulian<br />

Tofs gamoaTrevs.<br />

- aha, gezi! – simonaZe Tofs bravias gauwvdis.<br />

- es... aq... saidan.. - ena ebmeba bravias.<br />

- dadga dro, erTma zustma gasrolam unda gadawyvitos<br />

yvelaferi. gamomarTvi. me Tqveni zusti Tvali<br />

mWirdeba, batono bore.<br />

bore bravia sisxliani xelebiT CamoarTmevs simona-<br />

Zes iaraRs, aTvalierebs.<br />

232

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- nu gikvirs, bore. Tofi yvelgan aris, sadac saWiroa.<br />

xedav, gamogvadga! – eubneba simonaZe.<br />

- sigiJea... – butbutebs bravia.<br />

- namdvilad! – CaurTavs simonaZe.<br />

- viRacas Cemi CaSveba undoda! – askvnis bravia.<br />

simonaZe micvalebuls, romelsac axlaxans bore<br />

datrialebda Tavs, saxeze sudaras gadaxdis da<br />

daakvirdeba. sakaceze axalgazrda biWi wevs, romelic<br />

mas sadgurSi darbevidan daamaxsovrda. simonaZe yurad-<br />

RebiT daxedavs, daixreba, yurTan raRacas wasCurCulebs,<br />

mere TiTebSekrul xelebs Tvalebze daadebs da<br />

nel-nela wamodgeba. biWis sxeuli xelis moZraobasTan<br />

erTad sakaceze gaswordeba. simonaZe biWs Tvalebze<br />

xelebs moaSorebs.<br />

biWi gaocebuli mimoixedavs.<br />

bravias sabolood Cauvardeba ena.<br />

simonaZe isev sakacis qveviT miZvreba. WurWlis Waxa-<br />

Wuxis Semdeg mZime avtomats gamoaTrevs da biWs miscems.<br />

- gjera – ekiTxeba CurCuliT.<br />

- ki, _ pasuxobs biWi da gaurkveveli mimarTulebiT<br />

iyureba.<br />

- xom wamoxval CemTan erTad<br />

- wamoval. – ambobs biWi.<br />

- ai, batono bore, Cemi programac da Cemi gezic.<br />

gaognebuli bravia muxlebze ecema.<br />

simonaZe wamoayenebs, labadis sayelos aiwevs da<br />

swrafi nabijiT tovebs morgs...<br />

axlaxans gacocxlebuli biWi ZunZuliT misdevs<br />

ukan.<br />

24.<br />

simonaZe quCas gadakveTavs da telefonis jixurSi<br />

Sedis.<br />

233

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ore bravia da avtomatiani biWi sirbiliT misdeven<br />

ukan. biWi gamocdili mzveraviviT aTvalierebs fanjrebs.<br />

bore, Cans, bolomde ver garkveula Seqmnil viTarebaSi,<br />

sisxliani winsafriT da TofiT xelSi, fexdafex<br />

misdevs win gavardnil simonaZes... roca biWi jixurTan<br />

miirbens, simonaZe kars gamoaRebs da mokle brZanebas<br />

gascems:<br />

- aq dadeqi! nebismier momentSi mosalodnelia Tavdasxma!<br />

– TviTon ki monetas amoiRebs, aparatSi CauSvebs<br />

da nomers akrifavs.<br />

cota xans elodeba, mere ambobs (laparakobs<br />

pauzebiT):<br />

- me var, warmoidgineT, cocxali var. vici. Tqven ar<br />

gjerodaT. yvelaferi isea areuli, marTla ver uSvelis<br />

Cems meti aqaurobas veravin. Tqveni saxelis xseneba<br />

aravis aRar unda. Tqven aRar arsebobT. amaTTvis Tqven<br />

mokvdiT. dawyebas Zveli meTodiT vapireb. jer Cems<br />

mdevrebze iswavlon nadiroba. mere - erTmaneTze nadirobasac<br />

SevaCvev TandaTan. vnaxoT, rogor wava saqme.<br />

axla mTavaria, denTis suni igrZnon biWebma! aba, rogor!<br />

swored am dros ismis srolis xma: erTxel, meored,<br />

mesamed. minebi imsxreva. wkaruniT cviva asfaltze.<br />

welSi waxrili simoni Tavqudmoglejili gamorbis<br />

jixuridan. tyviebi kedlebs exleba. baTqaSi cviva.<br />

biWi oTxive mimarTulebiT gaxsnis cecxls, ukan<br />

ixevs, amxanagebs sroliT faravs.<br />

bore braviac daaquxebs erTxel Tavis Tofs da simonaZes<br />

gayveba.<br />

ormxrivi srola ar wydeba, magram “meore mxare”<br />

ar Cans...<br />

garbian Sesaxvevs, mere ezos, mere bnel sadarbazos,<br />

bolos – TaRiani gasasvleliT uzarmazar velze<br />

amoyofen Tavs...<br />

234

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vels mTel sigrZeze sangrebi gasdevs. simonaZe,<br />

avtomatiani biWi da bore bravia zRvisken miiweven. aqaiq<br />

yumbarebi skdeba da miwis beltebs fantavs...<br />

simonaZe da misi Tanmxlebi pirebi sangarSi Caxtebian.<br />

iqve – kidev erTxel ifeTqebs yumbara da mimalul<br />

kacebs miwiT dafaravs.<br />

srola ar wydeba.<br />

simoni miwas mxrebidan gadaiferTxavs da sangridan<br />

amoixedavs. axlovdeba manqanis Rmuili. male sangris<br />

Tavze “vilisis” borblebi gaCerdeba.<br />

- aba, amoZveriT! Cqara! – yviris veterani. misi gamoCena<br />

yvelas uxaria.<br />

kacebi sangridan facifuciT moZvrebian da<br />

manqanaSi sxdebian...<br />

- me vicodi, Sen CvenTan iqnebodi! – ambobs simonaZe<br />

da veterans mxarze xels dakravs.<br />

- aba, biZiko, sad unda vyofiliyavi. mTeli cxovreba<br />

me sazogadoebriv wesrigs vicav!<br />

- he, axla, he! - aniSnebs simonaZe, wadio.<br />

tyviebi isev zuzuneben...<br />

samxedro manqana vels gadaWris da gauCinardeba.<br />

kantikuntad srola erTxans kidev gvesmis. bolos<br />

isic miwydeba...<br />

sadRac mwyerebi aRuRundebian...<br />

25.<br />

roslen faTaxi – Sav kabasa da aseTive feris TavsaburavSi<br />

gamowyobili, mgloviare saxiT, simon simonaZis<br />

SavarSiaSemovlebuli fotosuraTis win, savarZlis kideze<br />

wamoskupebula da uxmod icremleba.<br />

oTaxi savsea yvavilebiT.<br />

“adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis” poeti, cigel aqsargeli<br />

muxlmoyrili dgas savarZlis gverdiT da qals<br />

Tvals ar AaSorebs. . .<br />

235

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vidre Cveni mzera jer suraTs, mere roslens, mere<br />

ki saerTod, mTel oTaxs aTvalierebs, cigel aqsargeli<br />

gulamomjdari da grZnobamoreuli warmoTqvams sakuTari<br />

leqsis ukanasknel striqonebs:<br />

- ... tye SiSis bneliT Semogvcinebs saxeSi yvelas...<br />

lodebis wyeba ganaCenis mRerian dumils... gameRviZeba<br />

damSral wyaros... cariels... martos...”<br />

roslen faTaxi Tvalze momdgar cremls cxvirsaxociT<br />

iwmindavs, oxravs.<br />

oTaxis kari moulodnelad iReba da simon simonaZe<br />

SemoiWreba, xelSi mindvris yvavilebisgan Sekruli Taiguli<br />

uWiravs. ukan axalgazrda Tanamgzavri mosdevs.<br />

bore erTs ki Semoixedavs oTaxSi, magram kvlav<br />

winkarSi garbis da quCaSi iyureba. damfrTxali da<br />

gaognebulia.<br />

SeRebuli karebidan veterans vxedavT, romelic manqanas<br />

irgvliv uvlis da Senobis saxuravebs yuradRebiT<br />

aTvalierebs.<br />

simonaZe roslens mieWreba, Taiguls miarTmevs. qali<br />

misi gamoCeniT gamowveul aRtacebas ver malavs, Tmebze<br />

efereba, CurCulebs:<br />

- cocxali xar, Cemo sicocxlev... cocxali xar... -<br />

eWviT axed-daxedavs.<br />

simonaZe qals xelebs ukocnis, mere TvalebSi Caxedavs.<br />

- me dRes mivxdi, saSveli, es aris sisxli... – ambobs<br />

paTetikurad. – aha, naxe!<br />

simoni gasisxlianebul xels win gaiSvers.<br />

qali Sehkivlebs.<br />

- daWrilia! axlave iods movitan, sisxli ar mogewamlos!<br />

– qali simons xels moxvevs, taxtze gadaawvens<br />

da wamlis mosatanad garbis. simonaZes gakawruli xeli<br />

haerSi uWiravs.<br />

- sisxli ra SuaSia. me mTlianad mowamluli var.<br />

Tqven, batono cigel, ar xarT mowamluli<br />

236

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- me<br />

- Tqven, Tqveni leqsebiT, ara<br />

- v nekotorom smisle da...<br />

- oho, ra rusuli icis... uyure Sen!<br />

saubris dros rosleni Semorbis bambiT, iodiTa da<br />

saxveviT, taxtze Camojdeba da Tavis saqmes gulmodgined<br />

akeTebs.<br />

- batono simon... – iwyebs poeti raRacis Tqmas.<br />

simonaZe awyvetinebs:<br />

- batono cigel, miTxariT, leqsi xom puri ar aris,<br />

SeWamo, arc tyvia ar aris, vinmes esrolo! leqsi leqsia,<br />

morCa da gaTavda...<br />

- gaaCnia leqss... – CaCxiravs sityvas poeti.<br />

- mainc xom ar iWmeba...<br />

- mere ra gindaT magiT TqvaT. ar mesmis.<br />

- is, rom dRes sxva droa. a, Sexede, axalgazrda<br />

kaci. axla an unda muSaobdes, an unda swavlobdes,<br />

magram am dros aq aris. aq – sadac qariSxalia... Tqven<br />

Tu SegiZliaT, a, ase!<br />

- xom geubnebiT, me ar mesmis Tqveni...<br />

- ar SegiZliaT!<br />

- ra<br />

- qariSxali!<br />

- boJe moi..<br />

- aba, aba! sxva enaze laparaki ar gamagonoT!<br />

ilaparakeT, oRond mxolodD Cvens enaze! aq Tqven is<br />

xom ar ggoniaT... raRac! aq – Cveni qalaqia! Cveni! Cemi<br />

da Seni, batono cigel!<br />

- ra gindaT Cemgan! Tavi damanebeT! ra gindaT! –<br />

wamoiyvirebs poeti da oTaxidan gaqcevas daapirebs,<br />

magram biWi win gadaudgeba da ar gauSvebs. – gamiSvi!<br />

gamiSvi!<br />

poeti cdilobs, biWs ZaliT gauZvres xelidan.<br />

Semorbis bore bravia. biWs poetis gakavebaSi exmareba.<br />

237

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osleni saqmes Tavs mianebebs, wamodgeba, poets<br />

moatrialebs da silas gaawnavs. cigeli uceb wynardeba.<br />

- risTvis – amoiCurCulebs.<br />

- ici Sen, risTvis! – rosleni simonaZesTan<br />

brundeba da TiTis<br />

Sexvevas amTavrebs.<br />

- ra davaSave, ra davaSave! - cigel aqsargeli saxeze<br />

xelebs aifarebs da bavSviviT qviTins amouSvebs.<br />

bore karebSi dgas da mxedruli simSvidiT uyurebs<br />

situacias.<br />

simonaZe uceb dgeba, roslens akocebs da labadas<br />

Seisworebs.<br />

- kargi, gveyofa. – simonaZe tansacmlis karadidan,<br />

mcire Zebnis mere, mokle Tofs gamoiRebs, Caxmaxs gamoswevs,<br />

lulas gaxedavs, Caketavs, midis poetTan, Tavze<br />

waadgeba.<br />

- aha, gamomarTvi! dRes es iqneba Seni leqsi!<br />

poeti slukuniT Semoxedavs da Tofs gaubedavad<br />

CamoarTmevs.<br />

- ratom – ikiTxavs ukve dawynarebuli.<br />

- mogvsdeven da imitom!<br />

- vin<br />

- isini!<br />

- Tqven me damciniT!<br />

- roslen! – simonaZe qalisken Setrialdeba. raRac<br />

unda, rom Tqvas, magram saxe RimiliT gaebadreba, xelebs<br />

gaSlis da misken gaemarTeba, radgan rosleni<br />

srul sabrZolo aRWurvilobaSi gamowyobili da avtomatiT<br />

xelSi ukve zRurblze dgas. – Cemo sicocxle!<br />

qalebi yovelTvis zustad grZnoben, ra undaT kacebs!<br />

poeti wamodgeba. mokle Tofs Tvals Seavlebs,<br />

amowmebs.<br />

- ai, xvdebiT, Cemo cigel! - moixedavs simonaZe misken.<br />

cigel aqsargeli uaris niSnad Tavs gaaqnevs.<br />

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- gveyofa amdeni cremlebi. amdeni Sebraleba. TanagrZnoba.<br />

gaaxileT Tvalebi! Tavze gengrevaT yvelaferi!<br />

mteri saxlSi SemogsvliaT! Tqven ki aq, raRac –<br />

leqss gaaCniao! Tu Sen ar esvri, is gesvris, gaige!<br />

cigeli isev Tavs gaaqnevs.<br />

- wavediT! – simonaZe roslens xels Cakidebs da<br />

garbian, magram qali aCerebs, ukan brundeba, mindvris<br />

yvavilebisgan Sekrul Taiguls aiRebs, isev Cakidebs<br />

simonaZes xels da isini oTaxs toveben...<br />

axalgazrda Tanamgzavric maT ukan misdevs...<br />

poeti marto rCeba.<br />

- gavgiJdebi! namdvilad gavgiJdebi!<br />

cigel aqsargeli Caxmaxs Seayenebs da isic wasulebs<br />

ukan daedevneba.<br />

26.<br />

CuqurTmebian saxlTan, sadac qalaqis TviTmarTvelobis<br />

Tavmjdomare cxovrobs, “vilisi” gamoCndeba da<br />

trotuarTan mkveTrad daamuxruWebs.<br />

mgzavrebi erTmaneTs SeexeTqebian, win gadaiwevian,<br />

Tavebs Camoqindraven, TiTqos viRacas qedi mouxareso.<br />

simonaZe manqanidan Camoxteba, winamZRols cigel<br />

aqsargeli, mere bore bravia da biWi mibaZaven.<br />

mousvenari veterani manqanasTan sabrZolo postze<br />

dgeba. roslen faTaxi manqanis kars gaaRebs, Tavis<br />

grZel fexebs gadmokidebs da windebs isworebs...<br />

... simoni, biWi, bore da cigeli kibes airbenen,<br />

frTxilad gaivlian derefans da misaRebSi aRmoCndebian.<br />

odesRac mSvenier misaRebs Zveli silamazisgan<br />

bevri araferi SerCenia: damtvreuli SuSa usiamovnod<br />

xraSunebs fexqveS, Camoglejili fardebi oTaxis<br />

SuagulSi yria.<br />

simoni da misi mxleblebi kibeze arbian.<br />

kibis Tavze diasaxlisi gamoCndeba.<br />

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- mobrZandiT, batono simon! Tqveni TvaliT naxeT, ra<br />

dReSi Cagvagdes im ujiSoebma!<br />

- Cven sakadris pasuxs gavcemT aramzadebs, qalbatono,<br />

nu geSiniaT! – amxnevebs mas simonaZe. – batoni<br />

govardi xom Sin brZandeba<br />

kacebi diasaxlisTan erTad oTaxSi Sedian. dalewili<br />

skamebi, damtvreuli magida, fexmotexili roiali,<br />

Camsxvreuli fanjrebi, ususurad moqanave, naxevrad<br />

Camovardnili WaRi, ayrili parketi – simoni oTaxs<br />

Tvals moavlebs.<br />

kuTxeSi Tavmjdomaris qaliSvili miyuJula da<br />

madianad ilukmeba. govard garayalic aqvea. mxrebze<br />

Wreli Sali mouxuravs, TavsafriT ybebi da yurebi<br />

aukravs, ayril parkets erTmaneTs umatebs da oTaxSi<br />

agizgizebul cecxls Caqrobas ar aclis. . .<br />

- amis atana SeuZlebelia! – ambobs diasaxlisi.<br />

- swored magitom geaxeliT, qalbatono, rom asatani<br />

aRar iyos! piriqiT! CemTan erTad Tu iqnebiT, am saqmes<br />

aucileblad moevleba!<br />

- Zaladoba Sobs Zaladobas! – saubarSi Tavmjdomare<br />

CaerTveba.<br />

- ras eZaxiT Tqven Zaladobas, ojaxis damwiokebels<br />

rom pasuxs moTxov, imas!<br />

- dasja an Sewyaleba kanonis kompetenciaSia! –<br />

ambobs govard garayali da cecxls axlos miuCoCdeba.<br />

- yvela kanoni adamianis mogonilia, - mouWris<br />

simonaZe. – magram adamians naklebad gamodgomia, me da<br />

Tqven es Zalian kargad viciT.<br />

simonaZe da Tavmjdomare erTmaneTs Sexedaven. govards<br />

TiTqos raRac axsendeba, darcxvenili aridebs<br />

Tvals simons da cecxls CaaSterdeba.<br />

cigel aqsargeli daixreba da roialTan dayril<br />

larnakis namsxrevebs erTmaneTs awebebs.<br />

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- im dRes, TaTbirzec giTxariT da axlac<br />

gavimeoreb, rom qudze kacia saWiro. ager, Cvenma poetma<br />

kalamic ki daagdo da droebiT Tofs mokida xeli.<br />

sakuTari saxelis xsenebaze cigeli SekrTeba da<br />

namtvrevebs Tavs mianebebs.<br />

Tavmjdomare poets gaxedavs.<br />

- Senc, cigel! - damcinavad ikiTxavs govardi.<br />

aqsargeli bores da biWs Seavlebs Tvals, TiTqos<br />

imaTgan elodeba Svelas. ar icis, Tavmjdomares ra<br />

pasuxi gasces.<br />

- erTi wuTiT aqeT mobrZandiT, batono simon! –<br />

ambobs diasaxlisi da simonaZes meore oTaxSi epatiJeba.<br />

... diasaxlisi da simonaZe (es ukve meramdened xdeba<br />

msgavsi ucnauroba!) iaraRis sawyobSi aRmoCndebian.<br />

oTaxi Weramde aRmarTuli karadebiTaa savse. karadebSi<br />

aTasnairi iaraRi awyvia, sxvadasxva sigrZe-simoklis,<br />

kalibris da moyvanilobis...<br />

- Tqveni rCeva mesaWiroeba. vici, amis gareSe mainc<br />

araferi gamova. me, ai, es momwons yvelaze metad... –<br />

erT-erT Tofze miuTiTebs diasaxlisi.<br />

simonaZe karadas miuaxlovdeba da iaraRs<br />

daakvirdeba. mere gamoaRebs, iaraRs aiRebs, gadaxsnis,<br />

Caxedavs da isev Caketavs.<br />

- momwons Tqveni arCevani... mCatea, Tanac uRalato...<br />

diasaxlisi simonaZesTan axlos midis, TiTqmis<br />

tanze aekvreba, TvalebSi Caxedavs da vnebiT etyvis:<br />

- me mjera Tqveni, batono simon!<br />

- ubralod simoni damiZaxeT. oRond me Tqveni qmari<br />

mWirdeba. qalaqSi siwynarea dasamyarebeli da TviTmarTvelobis<br />

Tavmjdomare cecxlTan ijdes, ar ivargebs!<br />

qmris saxelis xseneba qals ar siamovnebs, gons<br />

modis, fxizldeba da isev Seuval saxes Rebulobs.<br />

241

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- Cemi qmari me momandeT! – dajerebiT da odnav<br />

nawyeni ambobs diasaxlisi, simonaZes iaraRs gamoarTmevs<br />

da oTaxidan gadis...<br />

27.<br />

Tavgadaxsnili “vilisi” borblebis WrialiT gaivlis<br />

viwro quCas da cxvirs mTavar moedanze Seyofs.<br />

cariel moedanze oratoris xma ismis. gafuWebuli<br />

reproduqtori sityvebis garCevas savsebiT SeuZlebels<br />

xdis. qari aqeT-iqeT daaTrevs dafleTil qaRaldebs,<br />

namwvavebs, nagavs.<br />

mitings mxolod erTi kaci eswreba – simonaZis<br />

Zveli nacnobi, swored is, visac am qalaqSi pirvelad<br />

gamoelaparaka. monusxuliviT misCerebian erTmaneTs.<br />

moednis cali bolodan oratori da meore bolodan –<br />

es axalgazrda kaci. maT Soris ki uzarmazari sicariele<br />

gawolila.<br />

manqana axalgazrda kacs gauswordeba.<br />

- gaaCere! – brZanebas gascems simonaZe.<br />

veterani usityvod emorCileba.<br />

- Sen, kaco, isev aq xar! – yviris simonaZe da<br />

cdilobs manqanis xma gadafaros. – isev yvelafers<br />

iTxov, ara!<br />

- viTxov, aba, ra!<br />

- amovida, xom, suli yelSi!<br />

- ki, amovida!<br />

- mere, sad ginaxavs, TavisiT xdebodes raime, a SenisTana<br />

axalgazrda kaci ase usaqmod unda cdebodes!<br />

amoZveri!<br />

dabneuli mitingosani uazrod acecebs Tvalebs, ver<br />

gadauwyvetia, rogor moiqces, xan orators gaxedavs,<br />

xanac simonaZes uyurebs. manqanaSi msxdomi SeiaraRebulebi<br />

amxneveben – male, raRas fiqrobo.<br />

242

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- he, droze axla! – ambobs simonaZe da xels<br />

gauwvdis kacs. – Torem darCebi marto... kacur saqmes<br />

unda mokido xeli, kacurs!<br />

mitingosani, rogorc iqna, gadawyvitavs, simonaZis<br />

mklavs daeyrdnoba, manqanaze amococdeba da poetis<br />

gverdiT moTavsdeba.<br />

- e, mase, Se kaco! – ambobs kmayofili simonaZe. –<br />

damdgarxar aq da abartyuneb yurebs... me rom Seni xnis<br />

viyavi...<br />

simoni saTqmels aRar daamTavrebs, roslenisken<br />

daixreba da yurSi raRacas wasCurCulebs. roslens sicili<br />

waskdeba.<br />

cigeli ukana savarZelze zis da iboRmeba, roslenis<br />

mxiarulebas rom uyurebs.<br />

- dedas geficebi, namdvilad ase iyo, – siciliT<br />

ambobs simoni.<br />

mitingosani gakvirvebuli aTvalierebs SeiaraRebul<br />

mgzavrebs.<br />

veterani manqanas daZravs. isini ryeva-ryeviT gaivlian<br />

moedans da qalaqis gareubnisken gaemarTebian...<br />

oratoris xriali isev ismis qalaqis quCebSi...<br />

28.<br />

simonaZe da SeiaraRebuli mxleblebi kibes airbenen,<br />

muqad SeRebil karTan Sedgebian da sunTqvas daiwynareben.<br />

simoni naxevradCamwvar sigarets sadarbazoSi daagdebs.<br />

bore bravia da biWi Tofebs SemarTaven.<br />

simoni amoisunTqavs, kmayofili gadaxedavs Tavis<br />

mcire razms da masiur kars mTeli ZaliT Cacxebs<br />

wixls. kari xmauriT iReba da SeiaraRebuli mamakacebi<br />

yiJiniT Secvivdebian oTaxSi.<br />

uzarmazar, fafuk loginSi Camxobili waraTi uceb<br />

gamofxizldeba da baliSis qveS damaluli iaraRisken<br />

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gaaparebs xels. kelmina erTs Sehkivlebs da SiSvel<br />

sxeulze sabans ifarebs.<br />

- dasvenebas ra sjobia, Cemo waraT! – RimiliT<br />

ambobs simoni, Tanac loginze fexebiT Sedgeba, mosiyvarule<br />

wyvils gadaalajebs da fanjaras miuaxlovdeba.<br />

– magram arc is varga, Sen nebivrobde da saqmes sxva<br />

akeTebdes.. Sens saqmes!<br />

simonaZe qveviT gadaixedavs:<br />

daqoqili manqanis saWes veterani mijdomia da<br />

nervuli gamometyvelebiT pedals awvalebs. rosleni<br />

zeviT ixedeba da simonaZes xels uqnevs. Tavmjdomare<br />

da misi ojaxi srul mzadyofnaSi arian: diasaxlisi<br />

manqanis sarkiT sargeblobs da Tmebs iwesrigebs. Svili<br />

malviT ilukmeba. SeiaraRebuli poeti manqanas icavs,<br />

garSemo uvlis da cdilobs, roslens gamoelaparakos,<br />

romelic mas araviTar yuradrebas ar aqcevs.<br />

- modi aq! – eZaxis simonaZe waraTs. – naxe, Zmao, ra<br />

xalxi gelodeba!<br />

waraT waZe fanjarasTan miirbens. gadaixedavs.<br />

... simonaZe dros ixelTebs, iskupebs da tansacmlianad<br />

kelminas gverdiT, loginze aRmoCndeba.<br />

- Cemnairi daRlili da moucleli kacisTvis<br />

miswrebaa pirdapir amisTana fufuneba, magram vin gaclis!<br />

– ambobs simoni da kelminas odnav gadaxdis<br />

sabans. qali kidev ufro frTxeba, ikunteba. – Caicvi da<br />

wavediT, droSi viwvebiT! – gamoweul sabanSi CasZaxebs<br />

simonaZe.<br />

waraT waZe fanjaras moSordeba. . .<br />

bore bravia skamze miyril tansacmels waraTs<br />

gadaugdebs, isic swrafad icvams Sarvals.<br />

wamowolili simonaZe laparaks agrZelebs, Tanac<br />

qalisken ixreba, viTom mas esubrebodes:<br />

- win didi nadiroba gvelodeba... kacuri nadiroba...<br />

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wels zeviT SiSveli waraTi mxolod axla SeniSnavs<br />

biWs, romelic masac darbevidan axsovs. waraTi axlos<br />

midis biWTan da TvalebSi Caxedavs.<br />

- ki, magram... Sen... saidan Sen xom mokvdi<br />

- ai, amaSia saqme! es nadiroba urwmunoebisTvis aris<br />

saWiro! SenisTanebisTvis, Cemo waraT! Mmende da iqneb<br />

vuSveloT am gaWirvebul qalaqs, a! ra gvaqvs gasayofi<br />

me da Sen, Cemo waraT! – simonaZe isev aswevs sabans da<br />

kelminas elaciceba. – kmara! amis dro ar aris axla! –<br />

iyvirebs uceb simonaZe da loginidan wamoxteba.<br />

- me! me marto xom ar davrCebi! – ikivlebs kelmina.<br />

– mec wamiyvaneT!<br />

simonaZe waraTs xels waavlebs da TiTqmis ZaliT<br />

mihyavs – momxdariT dabneuli, enaCavardnili “destabilizaciis<br />

Stabis” ufrosi, romelsac wesierad Cacmac<br />

ver mouswria.<br />

- iaraRi ar dagrCes, Cemo waraT! sadguris darbeva<br />

monagoni iqneba, iseTi barTlomes Rame davatrialo!<br />

gaCveneb axla, ra aris namdvili profesionalizmi! – am<br />

sityvebze isini gareT gadian...<br />

kelmina raRacas TavisTvis butbutebs, tansacmels<br />

eZebs, Cqarobs, naxevrad Cacmuli wasulebs ukan misdevs...<br />

quCidan oTaxSi daZruli manqanis xma da saburavebis<br />

RrWiali SemoiWreba...<br />

29.<br />

Teatris kulisebSi sibnelea.<br />

aqoSinebuli kelmina xeliscecebiT miikvlevs gzas.<br />

xan ras wamoedeba, xan ras. dro gadis da Tvali<br />

sibneles eCveva. nel-nela miiwevs win, kedlebs eyrdnoba<br />

da SubliT obobas qsels miapobs...<br />

movardnili xma Teatris kedlebs Seazanzarebs.<br />

darbazidan erTsulovani, mwyobri SeZaxili ismis:<br />

- gaumar-jos! gaumar-jos!<br />

245

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kelmina xvdeba, rom swor gzas adgas da kidev ufro<br />

swrafad waiwevs win. sibneles sinaTlis viwro zoli<br />

gakveTavs. simon simonaZis TviTdajerebuli xma Tanda-<br />

Tan axlovdeba. kelmina scenaze gadis da rampis CiraRdnebSi<br />

amoyofs Tavs.<br />

scenaze grZeli da viwro magidis gaswvriv simonaZis<br />

razmi gamoWimula. centrSi simons gverds rosleni<br />

umSvenebs, roslenis mere avtomatiani biWi, Semdeg poeti<br />

da qalaqis Tavi – govard garayali. meore mxares waraT<br />

waZe zis da, mere bore bravia, ufro iqiT Tavmjdomaris<br />

meuRle da maTi msuqani gogo, sul bolos mitingosani.<br />

ise sxedan, TiTqos saidumlo serobas eswrebiano.<br />

ufro metic, zustad imeoreben cnobili suraTis<br />

kompizicias.<br />

kelmina fexakrefiT gadaWris scenas, midis magidas-<br />

Tan da waraTis gverdiT ZalisZalaT Caekvexeba.<br />

simoni sityviT gamodis:<br />

- kmara! yvelafers aqvs dasawyisi da aqvs bolo, aqvs<br />

zRvari da sazRvari. moTminebis fiala aivso. Tqveni<br />

moTminebis fiala! – bolo winadadebas simonaZe xazgasmiT<br />

warmoTqvams. – sazogadoebis moTxovna ki CvenTvis<br />

kanonia. nuTu aRar unda Sewydes mtris TareSi nuTu<br />

mravaltanjul xalxs aRar unda daudges dasvenebis<br />

Jami!<br />

simonaZe Seisvenebs, darbazs gadaxedavs.<br />

darbazSi uzarmazar siSaves dauRia piri, TiTqos<br />

iq aravin iyos, magram xmebi da SeZaxilebi ki ismis.<br />

simonaZe wynardeba, magidas moscildeba, ramdenime<br />

nabijs gadadgams.<br />

- me movedi, rom simSvide dagibrunoT!<br />

- me movedi, rom dagapuroT!<br />

- me movedi, rom SegmosoT!<br />

- me movedi, rom win aRvudge im Zalas, romelic<br />

siwynares girRvevT!<br />

246

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- amitomac geubnebiT me Tqven: mokali, sanam mogklaven,<br />

daCagre, vidre dagCagraven! radgan xanmoklea<br />

sicocxle, sirbile da sinanuli kidev ufro SegimoklebT<br />

dReebs. amitomac geZaxiT – momyeviT! radgan me<br />

var goneba Tqveni, grZnoba da azri Tqveni!<br />

darbazi ixuvlebs – simonaZis sityvebs ovaciiT<br />

xvdebian da erTxmad gaiZaxian:<br />

- SenTan! SenTan! SenTan!<br />

simoni kmayofili uyurebs mRelvare darbazs, mere<br />

xels aiqnevs da azvirTebul xalxs mowyvetiT aCumebs.<br />

- yvelaferi dRes unda gadawydes! anDdRes, an<br />

arasdros! ase gadavwvite me, ase gadawyvites Cemma<br />

megobrebma, ase gadawyvita xalxma!<br />

aRtkinebuli simonaZe laparaks amTavrebs. darbazs<br />

samxedro salams aZlevs – salams, romelic mxolod<br />

misi fantaziis nayofia da arcerT CvenTvis nacnob<br />

misalmebas ar gavs.<br />

simonaZes misi razmic baZavs. yvelani scenaze gamwkrivdebian.<br />

aRfrTovanebuli darbazis Rrianceli nel-nela<br />

simReraSi gadaizrdeba. xalxi erT muStad ikvreba da<br />

martiv melodiebs mReris, romelic sabrZolo marSs<br />

mogvagonebs...<br />

uceb darbazSi uamravi sanTeli, sanTebela da<br />

asanTi ifeTqebs. darbazi uzarmazar sadResaswaulo<br />

torts daemsgavseba.<br />

simRera mTavrdeba. gaismis SeZaxilebi:<br />

- simon! simon! simon!<br />

eqstazSi Sesuli xalxi Rrialebs.<br />

simonaZe erTxans xalxs nebaze miuSvebs, mere xels<br />

SemarTavs – darbazSi momakvdinebeli siCume Camowveba.<br />

- ale, hop! – daiZaxebs simonaZe da Tavisianebs<br />

gadaxedavs.<br />

247

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azmi axali TanmimdevrobiT lagdeba, erTmaneTs<br />

xels Cahkideben. govard garayali magidis qvevidan<br />

dols gamoaZvrens – dahkravs Zveli medole, aaxmianebs.<br />

mere TviTonac amxanagebis rigSi Cadgeba.<br />

simonaZe TeTr labadas bolomde Seikravs, rigs Tav-<br />

Si moeqceva, naxevrad Cawveba da mitingosanis mklavebs<br />

daeyrdnoba.<br />

govard garayali Cveuli ostatobiT dols dascxebs.<br />

TeatrSi yvelasaTvis nacnobi xorumis ritmi aJRerdeba.<br />

razmis wevrebi eleganturi, mwyobri da nacadi moZraobebiT<br />

kulisebisken daiZvrebian. simonaZe drodadro<br />

marcxena fexs win agdebs, xeliT cxvirsaxocs afrialebs.<br />

darbazis ovaciebi, taSi da SeZaxilebi axali ZaliT<br />

ifeTqebs...<br />

monadireebi cekva-cekviT toveben scenas...<br />

30.<br />

nisliT damZimebul velze samxedro manqana amoyvin-<br />

Tavs. gza TiTqmis ar Cans. manqana gaWirvebiT adis<br />

aRmarTze. veterani daZabuli saxiT iyureba win. nisli<br />

matulobs. mgzavrebic nislSi arian gaxveulebi.<br />

- aq gaaCere! – ismis simonis daguduli xma.<br />

“vilisi” xvneSiT aamTavrebs aRmarTs da Sedgeba.<br />

mgzavrebi saTiTaod xtebian Zaridan da iqve, manqanis<br />

win, simaRlis mixedviT ewyobian. yvelani odnav<br />

dabneulebi arian, mxolod simonaZe ar itexavs ixtibars.<br />

- amindma ver Segviwyo xeli, magram ara uSavs; - ise<br />

ambobs, Cans, Sekrebilebis dawynareba unda. – me Tu<br />

mkiTxavT, ase sjobs. nisli, wvima da ganukiTxaoba Cveni<br />

mekavSirea. moulodneli dartyma nadirobis gvirgvinia,<br />

ase ar aris!<br />

simonaZe govardis win Cerdeba da TvalebSi Caxedavs.<br />

248

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- diax, asea! – gaubedavad ambobs Tavmjdomare da<br />

Sals kidev ufro ikravs tanze.<br />

- hoda, sanam gaTendebodes, manamde unda movrCeT am<br />

saqmes! – agrZelebs simoni da Tanac razmis win bolTas<br />

cems. – waraTi da kelmina marcxnidan mouvlian. Tqven,<br />

batono govard, marjvnidan... ojaxTan erTad, ra Tqma<br />

unda ... bore mTavar Sesasvlels gadaketavs, biWi mTavar<br />

gamosasvlels. es Cveni energiuli axalgazrda zurgidan<br />

dartymas agvacilebs Tavidan. mitingosani mxrebSi<br />

gaimarTeba da mebrZol iers miiRebs. cigeli! cigeli...<br />

– simonaZe dafiqrdeba. siaruls Sewyvets, poets SeaTvalierebs.<br />

– cigeli xeze ava da iqidan Seitans<br />

koreqtivebs. Tqven ki, Cemo batono... – gaWimul veterans<br />

mimarTavs simoni. – rogorc yvelaze gamocdili, am<br />

jgufebis moqmedebas gaerTianebT! – amTavrebs simonaZe<br />

da manqanidan SeumCnevlad gasaRebs gamoaZrobs. – me ki<br />

Cemi gziT waval... Senc CemTan erTad wamoxval!<br />

kmayofili rosleni xalisiT amoudgeba simonis<br />

gverdiT da oriveni male nislSi gauCinardebian.<br />

razmi nel-nela iSleba, sxvadasxva mxares ifanteba.<br />

TofSemarTuli cigel aqsargeli ganuyrel wyvils<br />

ukan gayveba da isic nislSi Securdeba...<br />

... xeebs Soris nislis fTilebi dacuravs. waraT wa-<br />

Zes sasxletze udevs TiTi, kondaxze – loya. majaze<br />

kompasiviT saaTi wikwikebs.<br />

waraTi da kelmina xis Ziras Cacucqulan.<br />

qalis TiTebi Tofze Semoxveul, mamakacis daZarRvul<br />

mklavs efereba.<br />

- rogor gixdeba iaraRi... – vnebianad ambobs kelminas<br />

xma.<br />

waraT waZe majaze daixedavs...<br />

... samalavSi moxerxebulad Camjdar bore bravias<br />

iaraRi saxeze miubjenia da xelebs iTbobs, xan ifSvnitavs,<br />

xanac pirTan miaqvs da gaToSil TiTebs haers<br />

uberavs.<br />

249

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- ra iyo, kaco, ra mogivida – ismis nislidan viRacis<br />

xma.<br />

- ra vici, raRac xelebi meyineba. – pasuxobs bore da<br />

aqeT-iqeT iyureba.<br />

- gaemzade, gaemzade, davcxebT sadacaa! – isev ismis<br />

nislidan.<br />

bore bravia uxalisod miixutebs Tofs...<br />

... miwaze garTxmuli govard garayali idayvebs aqtiurad<br />

amoZravebs da nel-nela win miiwevs. drodadro<br />

Cerdeba, ayuradebs. mere ukn moixedavs: Tavmjdomares<br />

Soriaxlos cocva-cocviT meuRle mosdevs, cota<br />

moSorebiT – qaliSvili, romelic gatanjuli saxiT<br />

ZlivsZlivobiT moaTrevs wels.<br />

Tavmjdomare ramdenime metrs kidev gacocdeba da<br />

gaCerdeba, TiTqos raRac Zalam Seakavao. govardi mcire<br />

goraks miwas moaSorebs. ojaxis wevrebs gasZaxebs:<br />

- modi aq! Cqara! is... vnaxe! is... vnaxe! – Tavmjdomare<br />

moxril mklavs haerSi iSvers.<br />

dafeTebuli qalebi temps moumateben da male<br />

govardTan gaCndebian. diasaxlisi da msuqani gogo mamas<br />

miwis gadayraSi exmarebian.<br />

- mamam ipovna! mamam ipovna! – Tavmjdomaris qali-<br />

Svili sixaruliT<br />

taSs Semokravs.<br />

- Cumad gogo, ra gayvirebs! ar gaigonon! – Seutevs<br />

deda da gogoc uceb Caigdebs enas.<br />

ojaxis wevrebi borcvs moasufTaveben da napovni<br />

nivTic gamoCndeba: zolebian sasazRvro boZs gardigardmo<br />

rkinis abra aqvs mikruli; abras msxvili, Savi<br />

asoebiT yvelasaTvcis nacnobi abreviatura amSvenebs: s.<br />

s. s. r...<br />

... nislSi roslen faTaxis jer erTi fexi gamoCndeba,<br />

mere meore. fexebSua Camxobili, SarvalCaweuli<br />

simonaZe xvneSa-xvneSiT win da ukan moZraobs.<br />

250

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kudusunis ZvalTan mokle da mgZnobiare kudi ususurad<br />

caxcaxebs. rosleni siamovnebisgan krutunebs.<br />

TofSemarTuli poeti nislidan gamoborialdeba.<br />

vnebiani qSinvis mimarTulebiT moZraobs da roslenis<br />

da simonaZis zusti adgilsamyofelis gamocnobas<br />

cdilobs.<br />

simonaZe zurgiT raRacas igrZnobs, wamiT roslens<br />

Tavs mianebebs da ukan gaixedavs.<br />

burusSi gzadakarguli cigel aqsargeli buCqis<br />

Ziras gagorebul wyvils ver amCnevs, gverdze gauvlis<br />

da nisls SeerTvis...<br />

... mitingosanic emzadeba sabrZolvelad. mklavze<br />

gadaxsnili Tofi gadaudia, swored ise, rogorc<br />

sportsmenebma ician. yurebze xmaurdamcav sacvamebs ike-<br />

Tebs da yuradRebiT gahyurebs mis win nisliT waSlil<br />

sivrces.<br />

mkvdreTiT aRdgenili biWi goraks amoirbens,<br />

lelianSi wveba da Tavisi mZime avtomatis Ffexebs<br />

miwaSi Caasobs.<br />

mxarze xelis Sexebas grZnobs.<br />

- aba, Sen ici, Cems niSans daelode! – veterani biWs<br />

amxnevebs da Camovlas agrZelebs.<br />

roca nisli veterans Caylapavs, mis xmas erTxel<br />

kidev gaigonebs biWi:<br />

- niSans daelode, niSans!<br />

... veterani xesTan Cerdeba. zeviT aixedavs da daiZaxebs:<br />

- cigel! cigel!<br />

pasuxs aravin scems.<br />

- sad dadis es kaci! veRar gavige am poetebis! –<br />

buzRunebs veterani<br />

da xes Zlierad ajanjRarebs.<br />

am dros saidanRac veteranis win TofSemarTuli<br />

“adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis“ poeti amoizrdeba sokosaviT.<br />

251

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- sad daborialob, kaco, Sen. adi xeze!<br />

- Tavi damanebe! – poeti nislSi miabijebs. – roslen!<br />

roslen! gameci xma! roslen!<br />

... veterani gzas agrZelebs. misi xma Soridan ismis:<br />

- niSans daelodeT, niSans!<br />

... veterani gzaze, manqanasTan brundeba. qamridan<br />

dambaCas amoaZvrens, SemarTavs da gamokravs.<br />

aremare wamiT wiTlad naTdeba. SuSxuna haers<br />

gakveTavs da xeebSi Cavardeba...<br />

waraT waZe sasxlets TiTs daadebs, isvris. kelmina<br />

swrafad moSordeba kacs, Tavis iaraRs daswvdeba da<br />

ganuyreli wyvili iseT cecxls gaxsnis, artilerias<br />

SeSurdeba...<br />

... lelianSi Cawolili biWi Tavis tyiamfrqvevs aakakanebs,<br />

gaafTrebul srolas autexavs uxilav mtrebs,<br />

Tanac aRtacebis yiJinas dascems. sul male denTis<br />

molurjo kvamlSi gaexveva...<br />

... roslenze damxobili simona srolis xmaze yurebs<br />

dacqvitavs, qals Tavs mianebebs, swrafad amoicvams<br />

Sarvals da nislSi SeZvreba.<br />

gabruebuli roslenic dgeba fexze, simonaZes ukan<br />

mihyveba fexareuli da bednieri, magram veRar moaswrebs,<br />

dakargavs. simonaZe sadRac gaqreba.<br />

- simon! simon! – roslenis xma burusSi ikargeba...<br />

srolis sixSire matulobs, marTla omi egoneba<br />

kacs...<br />

... govard garayali da misi ojaxi saxeldaxelod<br />

gaTxril sangarSi miyuJula.<br />

- kargi axla, sircxvilia, ras ityvis xalxi! –<br />

qmris Sercxvenas cdilobs qali. – ase, dawolilma<br />

mainc gaisrole erTi-ori!<br />

Tavmjdomare xmas ar iRebs. gabusuli adgilidan ar<br />

iZvris.<br />

- he, midi! midi! – ar eSveba diasaxlisi da qmars<br />

ferdebSi mozomilad urtyams.<br />

252

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- moica, qalo! – Riziandeba govardi. – movicadoT<br />

patara... iqneb usrolvelobam ufro gaamarTlos.<br />

- Sevarcxvine Seni kacoba! – moTminebis fiala<br />

aevseba qals, daswvdeba Tofs, amoxteba ormodan da<br />

srola-sroliT xeebs miscems Tavs.<br />

govard garayali qaliSvils xels Cakidebs da ukmayofilo<br />

buzRuniT colis kvals misdevs. msuqani gogo<br />

biushalteridan pawia revolvers amoiRebs da nislis<br />

mimarTulebiT ramdenjerme gaisvris...<br />

zambarasaviT daWimuli mitingosani nislSi raRacas<br />

Tvals gaayolebs da orjer isvris – ise, rogorc<br />

tyviiT msrolelTa Sejibrebis dros gvinaxavs. ,,mfrinavi<br />

TefSebi”, ra Tqma unda, ar Cans.<br />

mitingosani kmayofili saxiT Zvel gilzebs amoyris,<br />

Tofs xelaxla tenis da axal “moZrav obieqts”<br />

elodeba...<br />

... manqanis qveS SemZvrali veterani yuradRebiT<br />

aTvalierebs garemos. cdilobs, nislSi raRac mainc<br />

gaarCios. xedavs kidec – TiTqos viRac landebma<br />

gairbines. veterani dauyovnebliv awveba sasxlets da<br />

Zveli, omisdroindeli avtomatidan cecxls gaxsnis...<br />

... rosleni frTxilad miiwevs nislSi da simons<br />

eZebs. aqeT-iqeT acecebs Tvalebs. veRar gaugia, romel<br />

mxares wavides.<br />

uceb burusidan cigel aqsargeli gamovardeba.<br />

srola SeuCereblad grZeldeba.<br />

- isev imas eZeb, xom! – Rrialebs cigeli,<br />

SeSliliviT abrialebs Tvalebs da roslenisken iwevs.<br />

- me! me riT var, viTom, naklebi!<br />

- ar momekaro! ar momekaro! mezizRebi, mezizRebi! –<br />

awivldeba rosleni da ukan-ukan ixevs.<br />

cigeli Tavs ar anebebs. rosleni Setrialdeba da<br />

garbis. poeti wamoeweva, Zirs daagdebs da zed daaxteba.<br />

rosleni ibrZvis, xelebs iqnevs, kivis. qalis winaaRmdegoba<br />

ufro axelebs poets. nel-nela rosleni iRleba.<br />

253

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poetic grZnobs am gardatexas da misi Widaoba moferebas<br />

emsgavseba bolos.<br />

- Cemi xar, Cemi! ar dagTmob, ara! miyvarxar! ar<br />

SemiZlia uSenod! – Rmuis cigel aqsargeli. qalis<br />

tuCebs eZebs, poulobs. ewafeba.<br />

rosleni erTs kidev gaifarTxalebs, magram Tanda-<br />

Tan nebdeba. grZnobis morevSi CaZirul poets TiTebs<br />

TmebSi Seucurebs...<br />

cigel aqsargels viRacis Zlieri xeli mxrebSi<br />

Caafrindeba da gverdze gadaagdebs. gons mosuli poeti<br />

mis win simonaZes xedavs. cigeli miwaze davardnil<br />

Tofs daiTrevs da simons miuSvers.<br />

- Seni bralia, Seni bralia yvelaferi! – iyvirebs<br />

poeti da fexze wamovardeba.<br />

- daagde iaraRi! – Seuyvirebs simonaZe.<br />

- Seni bralia! mogvatyue! Sen arie yvelaferi! – isev<br />

Rnavis cigeli da simonisken ramdenime nabijs gadadgams.<br />

rosleni situaciaSi ver garkveula, dabneuli<br />

uyurebs xan erTs, xan meores.<br />

simonaZe ukan-ukan ixevs, totebs wamoedeba, ecema,<br />

magram swrafad wamoxteba da gaiqceva.<br />

- aha! SegeSinda, ara! gaCerdi! gesvri!<br />

cigeli dabneul roslens xels waavlebs da simona-<br />

Zes yviriliT ukan daedevneba...<br />

... tyviamfrqvevTan Cawolili biWi rZisfer nislSi<br />

TvalnaTliv dainaxavs, rogor Cairbenen Soriaxlos<br />

rosleni da TofSemarTuli cigeli.<br />

... aqoSinebuli simoni nislidan gamoxteba da<br />

pirdapir Tavmjdomares – govard garayals SeefeTeba.<br />

- raSia, batono simon, saqme – ekiTxeba<br />

Tavmjdomare.<br />

- wadi, Seni! – zizRiT ambobs simonaZe, govards<br />

xels kravs da isev nislSi Securdeba...<br />

254

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... waraT waZe iaraRs xels SeuSvebs. srola wydeba.<br />

tyeSi siCume isadgurebs.<br />

waraTi safaridan gamodis. SeSinebuli kelmina<br />

zurgze aekvreba.<br />

qvevidan xmauri da SeZaxilebi ismis. male monadireebs<br />

SeamCneven. isini Tofebis qneviT da yviriliT<br />

goraks gadairbenen...<br />

... sabrZolvelad momarTuli mitingosani am xmaurs<br />

yuradRebas miaqcevs, srolas Sewyvitavs, motrialdeba.<br />

burusidan cigel aqsargeli gamovardeba, mere<br />

rosleni, mas mkvdreTiT aRmdgari biWi moyveba, Tavmjdomare<br />

da misi ojaxis wevrebi boloSi moCanCaleben.<br />

mitingosani morbenlebs gamoekideba da isic<br />

nislSi daikargeba.<br />

- ra moxda, xalxo! – ismis Soridan.<br />

- mogvatyua! Segvacdina!<br />

- mkvlelebad gvaqcia, am uRmerTom, mkvlelebad!<br />

- ar gauSvaT!<br />

- Cqara!. .<br />

... simonaZe uceb samxedro “vilisTan” amoyofs Tavs.<br />

misken momaval veterans rom dainaxavs, mucelze xels<br />

ikidebs, ikunteba.<br />

- me axlave davbrundebi! ar SewyvitoT srola!<br />

- ra gWirs, Cemo batono – eRimeba veterans. –<br />

faRaraTi xom ar dagemarTa, a icis SiSma, ara uSavs!<br />

- bevrs nu laparakob! posts mixede, posts! – ityvis<br />

simonaZe da TavdaRmarTSi biliks dauyveba.<br />

- aris ufroso, mivxedo posts!<br />

veterani manqanasTan brundeba.<br />

nislidan monadireebi xmauriT gamocvivdebian.<br />

- sad aris, sad! saiT wavida! – yviris cigeli.<br />

- vin – ukvirs veterans.<br />

- vin da is eSmakis fexi!<br />

- ager gadavida, male davbrundebio. – mxrebs<br />

iCeCavs veterani.<br />

255

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- ux, magis! male, manqanaSi! Sors versad wagviva!<br />

monadireebi manqanaSi Cacvivdebian.<br />

- ra moxda, ra ambavia – kiTxulobs gaognebuli<br />

veterani.<br />

- raRa ra moxda, Se kaco! ver xedav, mkvlelebic<br />

gagvxada am CaTlaxma! – uxsnis cigel aqsargeli.<br />

- araa sando-meTqi, sul amas viZaxdi! – CaurTavs<br />

waraT waZe.<br />

- aRar unda amas bazari! daqoqe! davewioT! – gascems<br />

brZanebas Tavmjdomare.<br />

- gasaRebi! gasaRebi mouparavs!<br />

- vxedav! vxedav! – dasWyivlebs mitingosani da<br />

manqanidan Camoxteba.<br />

danarCenebic gadmocvivdebian da gorakze Carbian...<br />

... nislSi wverosani beri gamoCndeba, romelsac xel-<br />

Si joxi uWiravs, tanze jvalo acvia, welze Toki Semourtyams<br />

qamris nacvlad. fexSiSvelia. qvebze moabijebs,<br />

magram tkivils ver grZnobs.<br />

beri gaciskrovnebuli saxiT modis da TavisTvis<br />

xmamaRla ambobs:<br />

- Semiwyale me RmerTo, didiTa wyalobiTa SeniTa,<br />

aRxoce usjuloebai Cemi... Semiwyale me RmerTo, didiTa<br />

wyalobiTa SeniTa, aRxoce usjuloebai Cemi...<br />

... wverosan bers nislSi SemTxveviT simonaZe<br />

SeefeTeba.<br />

beri Sedgeba, locvas Sewyvitavs da ucnobs gaocebiT<br />

SeaTvalierebs.<br />

simonaZe sirbilidan siarulze gadadis, viTom seirnobs.<br />

bers rom gauswordeba, uceb saxeSi Sescinebs.<br />

- mamao, xom ver metyviT, es gza taZarTan mimiyvans<br />

beri dums.<br />

- es gza taZarTan mimiyvans – xmas auwevs simonaZe.<br />

- sul pirdapir Tu ivliT... vin icis... iqneb ... moxdes<br />

saswauli...<br />

256

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- didi madloba!<br />

simonaZe bers xels CamoarTmevs. midis. nislSi imaleba.<br />

beri xelgawvdili rCeba. mere xels daxedavs, romelic<br />

ucnobs CamoarTva.<br />

,,Semiwyale me RmerTo, didiTa wyalobiTa SeniTa,<br />

aRxoce usjuloebai Cemi”...<br />

am dros TeTri burusidan monadireebi amocurdebian.<br />

morbian, yvirian, ilanZRebian.<br />

beri maT Tvals gaayolebs.<br />

razms cigel aqsargeli gamoeyofa, berTan miirbens<br />

da ekiTxeba:<br />

- mamao, TeTrlabadian kacs xom ar gauvlia<br />

- ki, gaiara.<br />

- saiT wavida<br />

- ai, iqeT...<br />

- gmadlobT, mamao... momyeviT! momyeviT! - gasZaxebs<br />

cigeli danarCenebs da maTken gaiqceva.<br />

- bodiSi momiTxovia, magram, xom ver metyviT, vin<br />

aris is kaci – daadevnebs beri cigels.<br />

isic wamiT Cerdeba:<br />

- vin aris da eSmaki! satana! – da garbis.<br />

monadireebi xeebs moefarebian...<br />

... wverosani beri qvis yores gamocdeba, eklesiis<br />

ukana ezoSi Semodis da SeSis saCexTan Sedgeba.<br />

aqac nisls daufaravs garemo.<br />

beri kunZidan culs amoaZrobs, marjvena xels kunZze<br />

dadebs da culs Ronivrad moiqnevs.<br />

moWrili mtevani moSorebiT daecema.<br />

wverosan bers guli misdis, gadaqandeba da<br />

muxlwarTmeuli eklesiis kedels mieyrdnoba...<br />

... nisli gadaiyara.<br />

mzis sxivma mwvaned SefoTlili tye gaanaTa.<br />

257

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Waobiani veli gasisxlianebuli micvalebulebiT<br />

aris mofenili – qalebi, kacebi, moxucebi – WonWyoSi<br />

Cayrilebi sazarlad gamoiyurebian.<br />

zogi pirqve agdia, zogi zurgze da zogic oTxad<br />

mokecili ... da ase dausruleblad.<br />

Waobian velze sikvdils dausadgurebia...<br />

am xalxs Cven kargad vicnobT – isini simonaZis<br />

mdevrebi arian...<br />

31.<br />

qalaqis sasaflaoze aqoSinebuli simon simonaZe<br />

morbis.<br />

mdevarTa nacnobi yiJina nel-nela axlovdeba, sacaa<br />

sasaflaozec SemoiWreba da walekavs yvelafers.<br />

simonaZe Tavis mier gaZarcul saflavs poulobs.<br />

swrafad ixdis tansacmels da pirRia samareSi CauZaxebs.<br />

simonaZis kudiani sajdomi wamiT gaielvebs da daikargeba.<br />

saflavebs mdevarTa yiJina gadauvlis...<br />

gaTenda.<br />

mze ise dahyurebs zRvispira qalaqs, rogorc jala-<br />

Ti ususur da imeddakargul msxverpls...<br />

morCa...<br />

258

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sarCevi/Contents<br />

Teatrmcodneoba<br />

vasil kiknaZe - qarTuli Teatris 1937 weli 3<br />

Vasil Kiknadze - 1937 year of Georgian Theatre 10<br />

laSa CxartiSvili - `mefe liris” Teatraluri<br />

interpretaciis problemis ramdenime sakiTxi<br />

qarTul TeatrSi 11<br />

Lasha Chkhartishvili - For ,,king Lears’’ interpretation issue in<br />

Georgian theatre 24<br />

kinomcodneoba<br />

lela oCiauri _ niSani, simbolo, miTi - maTi struqtura,<br />

Seqmnisa da arsebobis mizezebi 25<br />

Lela Ochiauri - Sign, Symbol, Myth – Their Structure, Reasons of<br />

Creating and Existing 37<br />

oliko JRenti _ revoluciis sakiTxisaTvis ivane<br />

perestianis filmSi “arsen jorjiaSvili” anu<br />

“general griaznovis mkvleloba” (1921w.) 38<br />

Oliko Zhgenti - Revolutionary Issue of the Movie of Ivane Perestiani<br />

“Arsen Jorjiashvili” (Assasination of the General Griaznov). 51<br />

sofo TavaZe _ novatoruli Ziebebi 60-iani wlebis qarTul<br />

kinematografSi 52<br />

Sofo Tavadze - Innovatory Searches in the Georgian Cinematography 1960-s 60<br />

nato cqvitiniZe _ qarTuli telefilmebis Tematikis<br />

sakiTxisaTvis 61<br />

Nato Tskvitinidze - For Georgian Films plural subjects 69<br />

inga xalvaSi _ kinematografze egzistencializmis gavlenis<br />

sakiTxisaTvis 70<br />

Inga Khalvashi - Influence of Existentialism on Cinematography 80<br />

259

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manuCar loria – saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTSi mcxovreb<br />

ebraelTa eTnoreligiuri mozaika 81<br />

Manuchar Loria - Ethnographic film modelling in visual anthropology 88<br />

lia kalandariSvili _ kultura rogorc kinoTxrobis<br />

simboluri Sre. kidev erTxel `jariskacis mamis~<br />

Sesaxeb 89<br />

Lia Kalandarishvili - Culture as symbolically layer of narration.<br />

Once again about ,,The father of a soldier’’ 96<br />

xelovnebaTmcodneoba<br />

maia WiWileiSvili _ sxalTis mxatvrobis ideuri<br />

gadawyvetis erTi aspeqti (abuserisZe tbelis<br />

memkvidreobisa da sxalTis mxatvrobis<br />

urTierTmimarTeba) 97<br />

Maia Chichileishvili - One Aspect of the Ideological Resolution of Skhalta<br />

Painting (Interrelation between the Legacy of Abuserisdze<br />

Tbeli and Skhalta Painting) 107<br />

rati CiburdaniZe _ portretuli saxeebi vaxtang beselias<br />

mxatvrobaSi 108<br />

Rati Chiburdanidze - Portraits in Vakhtang Beselia’s Paintings 114<br />

kulturis istoria<br />

ermile mesxia _ kulturisa da erovnuli cnobierebis<br />

zogierTi sakiTxi 115<br />

Ermile Meskhia - Some problems according to culture and national thinking 125<br />

mamuka jorbenaZe _ globalizacia da erovnuli kulturis<br />

zogierTi sakiTxi 127<br />

Mamuka Jorbenadze - Some items about global and national culture 133<br />

musikaTmcodneoba<br />

qeTevan gogolaZe _ musikaluri aRqmis TaviseburebisaTvis 134<br />

K. Gogoladze - Towards of musikal perception 144<br />

260

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ana dumbaZe - harmonia, rogorc musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi<br />

saSualeba musikaluri xelovnebis evoluciis procesSi 145<br />

A. Dumbadze - Harmony as a form of expressing the music in the evolution<br />

process of the and music 155<br />

xaTuna niniZe - Semoqmedebis Tavisuflebis problema<br />

(rixard Strausis) magaliTze 156<br />

K. Ninidze -The problem of creative freedow follou the exampe of creations<br />

of Richard Shtrause. 168<br />

saxelovnebo ganaTleba<br />

zaza xalvaSi - kinoreJisuris swavlebis koncefcia<br />

(sabakalavro doneze) 170<br />

Zaza Khalvashi - Film Production Teaching Conception<br />

(Undergraduate, BA Level) 175<br />

literaturuli scenari<br />

zaza xalvaSi - M I S E R E R E 176<br />

261

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gamomcemlobis redaqtori _ lali konceliZe<br />

teqnikuri redaqtori _ eduard ananiZe<br />

xelmowerilia dasabeWdad 18.11.2008<br />

qaRaldis zoma 60X84 1/16<br />

fizikuri Tabaxi 16<br />

tiraJi 100<br />

fasi saxelSekrulebo<br />

daibeWda universitetis stambaSi<br />

q. baTumi, ninoSvilis 35.<br />

262