saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #2 (39), 2009 ART SCIENCE ...

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisada kinos saxelmwifo universitetiShota Rustaveli Theatre and FilmGeorgian State Universitysaxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani#2 (39), 2009ART SCIENCE STUDIES#2 (39), 2009gamomcemloba `kentavri~Tbilisi _ 20091

UDC(uak) 7(051.2)s-364saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifouniversitetisaxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #2 (39), 2009saredaqcio sabWoguliko mamulaSviliira demetraZezura zanguraSvililiteraturuliredaqtorimariam iaSviligarekanis dizainerilevan dadianidamkabadonebeliekaterineoqropiriZekoreqtorimanana goSaZegamomcemlobisxelmZRvanelimaka vasaZekrebulisaTvis mowodebuli masalauzrunvelyofili unda iyosSesabamisi samecniero aparatiT. Tanunda axldes monacemebi avtorissamecniero kvalifikaciis SesaxebqarTul da inglisur enebze,agreTve naSromis inglisurenovanireziume.krebulis stamburi gamocemaegzavneba sxvadasxva saerTaSorisokvleviT centrebs.naSromebi mogvawodeT dacnobebisaTvis mogvmarTeT:0102, Tbilisi, daviT aRmaSeneblisgamziri #40, SoTa rusTavelisTeatrisa da kinos universiteti,II korpusi.tel/faqsi: +995 (32) 936 408mob: +995 (95) 305 060+995 (55) 218 292E-mail: kentavri@tafu.edu.geWeb: www.tafu.edu.geSinaarsiT e a t r m c o d n e o b am a na na tu r i a S v i l i`Tavisufali Teatris~ Seqmnisa da daSlis mizezebi(werili pirveli) .............................................................................................8Tamar cagareliTeatris kvleva anTropologiuri meTodiT .........................................20k i n o m c o d n e o b aroland (mixo) boraSvililev kuleSovis samontaJo koncefcia ...................................................27nino mxeiZegmiri Tu antigmiri 36m e d i o l o g i aTinaTin WabukianimontaJis struqturuli Semadgenloba(Tavi meore)montaJi, rogorc mxatvruli asaxvis saSualeba .................................40k u l t u r i s m e n e j m e n t iiuri mRebriSviliefeqturi xedvis Seqmna .................................................................................50m u s i k a T m c o d n e o b aJana ToiZenodar andRulaZe ...............................................................................................56gvanca Rvinjiliatradiciis da novaciis problemai. s. baxis mesaSi .....................................................................................................612 3

universitetis samagistro programa`qarTuli qoreografiis mkvlevari~eka geliaSviliìkosaedri~ _ rudolf fon labanis moZraobisCaweris gasaRebi ...................................................................................................71`teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizi~,lia barbaqaZevokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvlviTi analizi .....................79qeTevani benturivokalur-teqnikuri kvleviTi analizi ......................................................91eka gurgeniZeokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizi .................98nino sakandeliZevokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblokvleviTi analizi 112maia xaWapuriZevokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizi ...............120avtorTa Sesaxeb .....................................................................................................130CONTENTSTHEATRE STUDIESMANANA TURIASHVILIReasons Behind Creation And Disintegration Of “IndependentTheatre” ..................................................................................................................134TAMAR TSAGARELITheatre’s Study By Antropology Method .........................................................135FILM STUDIESROLAND (MIKHO) BORASHVILIConception Of Editing By L. Kuleshov .................................................................137Nino MkheidzeHero Or Anti-Hero ..................................................................................................138MEDIA STUDIESTINATIN SHABUKIANIStructural Consistency Of EditingChapter TwoEditing As Means Of Artistic Reflection ...............................................................140CULTURAL MANAGEMENTIURI MGEBRISHVILICreation Of An Effective Vision ............................................................................141MUSIC STUDIESJANA TOIDZEMaestro’s 80 Year AnniversaryMain aspects of professional formation and developmentof Nodar Andguladze’s vocal .................................................................................142GVANTSA GVINJILIAProblem Of Tradition And Novation In TheMass By I. S. Bach ..................................................................................................143UNIVERSITY’S MA PROGRAMRESERACHER OF GEORGIAN CHOREOGRAPHYEKA GELIASHVILI“Ikosaedri”Key to Rudolph von Laban’s movement analysis ...........................................1444 5

“RESEARCH ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE FROMA TECHNICAL VIEWPOINT”LIA BARBAKADZEResearch Analysis Of Performance From A Technical ViewpointBased On The Example OfDimitri Arakishvili’s Love Songs:“I Am Waiting For You” And “Brook And Flowers” ............................................145KETEVAN BUNTURIAnalysis Of A Vocal Performance From A Technical Point Of ViewLauretta’s Aria From An Opera By G. Puccini “Gianni Schicchi”.................... 146EKA GURESHIDZEThe Analysis Of The Vocal-Technical Executional Research Aria From“The Prayer” By Bach Romance “The Lullaby” By A.Chimakadze ..................146NINO SAKANDELIDZEThe Analysis Of The Vocal-Technical Executional Research Lela’s Aria” From R. Lagidze’s Opera ,,Lela” .........................................................................147MAIA KHACHAPURIDZEThe Analysis Of The Vocal-Technical Executional Research RLagidze’s Song “Love Song” And M. Balanchivadze’s“Tsira’s First Lullaby” .............................................................................................147Teatrmcodneoba6 7

manana turiaSvili`Tavisufali Teatris~ Seqmnisa dadaSlis mizezebi(werili pirveli)1910 wlis 11 martidan 1913 wlis ianvramde kotemarjaniSvili moskovis samxatvro TeatrSi (ÌÕÒ) muSaobda.dasawyisSi, ramdenime Tve pedagogobda. `...am mecadineobebsuwodebdnen `k. s. stanislavskis sistemis Seswavlas~ 1 . kotemarjaniSvili nawyvetebze muSaobisas moswavleebTan reJisorobda,fantaziorobda.samxatvro TeatrSi kote marjaniSvili monawileobda u.Seqspiris `hamltis~, f. dostoevskis romanis mixedviT Seqmil`Zmebi karamazovebis~ da s. iuSkeviCis `Miserere~-s dadgmebSi.damoukideblad ganaxorciela k. hamsunis `cxovrebisbrWyalebSi~ da h. ibsenis `per giunti~.k. marjaniSvilis mkvlevari g. kriJicki wers: `metismetaducnauria, arc oficialur dokumentebSi, arc samxatvro Teatris(ÌÕÒ) muzeumis eqspoziciaSi, arsadaa moxseniebuli marjanovisgvari rogorc Tanadamdgmelis `karamazovebis~ da `hamletisa~,Tumca am dadgmebSi mis monawileobaze laparakoben nemiroviCdanCenkocda stanislavski. `cxovrebis brWyalebis~ ZiriTaddamdgmelad ki, faqtebis sawinaaRmdegod... nemiroviC-danCenkoa!~ 2kote marjaniSvilis meuRle, nadeJda Jivokini-marjaniSviliwerda: `man dadga `cxovrebis brWyalebSi~ da `per giunti~.muSaobda speqtaklebze `hamleti~ da `Zmebi karamazovebi~ 3 .k. s stanislavskis azriT samxatvro Teatrs damoukidebelireJisori unda `Seeqmna~. gadawyvites samxatvro TeatrismimarTulebis momxre reJisorebis SerCeva, romelnic Teatris12 wliani gamocdilebis Seswavlas moindomebdnen. stanislavskisazriT axal reJisors jer uxelmZRvanelebednen, meredamoukideblobas miscemdnen. amgvar reJisorebSi igulisxmebodakote marjaniSvili.samxatvro TeatrSi, sam Teatralur sezonSi, kotemarjaniSvilma mxolod xuT speqtaklze imuSava. orjer dadgasxva TeatrebSi: moskovSi _ a. s. voznesenskis usityvo drama`cremlebi~ da TbilisSi _ rusul `dramaSi~ _ h. f.hofmanstalis òidipos mefe.~n. Jivokini-marjaniSvili werda: `samxatvro Teatris mkacradgansazRvruli wesis mixedviT piesaze ramdenime Tve muSaobdnen,rac kotes xasiaTs ar eTanxmeboda, is iTrguneboda daguldawyvetiT ambobda, rom am droSi aTamde speqtaklsdadgamda~ 4 .samxatvro Teatrma ganaxlebis mizniT `garedan~ axaliZalebi Semoiyvana da gansxvavebuli mimarTulebis scenismoRvaweebze dayrdnobiT krizisuli situaciidan gamosvlasSeecada. msaxiobi a. kooneni werda: ìm wlebSi afiSebze l. a.sulerJickis, gordon kregis, k. a. marjanovis, aleqsandrebenuas saxelebi gamoCndnen...~. TiToeuls Tavis `kredo~ hqonda.Tumc samxatvro Teatri, SemoqmedebiTi stilis dasacavad, maTmainc akontrolebda. Semdeg a. kooneni askvnis: `Teatrs ganaxlebaswyuroda, magram Tavis programas xelovnebaSi jiutad icavda~ 5 .1917 wels k. marjaniSvili Svils wers: `samxatvro TeatrSimuSaoba sxvebiviT ar miTxovia... magram Cemi suli ganuwyvetlivmisken miiwevda... damiZaxes, da rogori dResaswauli iyo _megona mivuaxlovdi xelovnebis WeSmarit wyaros...…mere brZola_ Cemi protesti maTi yoveldRiurobis winaaRmdeg da imuxamsobis winaaRmdeg, romelsac TiTqosda isinic ebrZodnen...~ 6n. Jivokini-marjaniSvili wers: `... samxatvro TeatrSi k. a.Ta vs ucxod grZnobda. kotem i coda, rom das SiarakeTeTilmosurneebi hyavda. k. s. stanislavskisTan civiurTierTobebi hqonda, v. i. nemiroviC-danCenkosTan ufro metikontaqti, magram siaxlove ar iyo... stanislavskisTan danemiroviC-danCnekosTan yoveli saubris Semdeg kote TeatridandaTrgunuli modioda~ 7 .n. Jivokini-marjaniSvilis cnobiT: erT dRes, SemTxveviTobiswyalobiT, `Tavisufali Teatris~ fundamentSi pirveli aguridades. fiqrebSi garTul kote marjaniSvils ramdenjermedauZaxes, magram gamofxizlda maSin, roca viRacam siciliTxeli mokida da Sewuxebis mizezi hkiTxa. es iyo mxiaruli,sicocxliT aRsavse elene (moferebiT - Леля ) _ kotes da8 9

`Tavisufali Teatris~ Seqmnisa da daSlis mizezebimisi debis bavSvobis megobari, Soreuli naTesavi _ gvariTWavWavaZe, mdidari memamulis v. p. suxodolskis meuRle. eleneWavaWavaZe k. marjaniSvilis Semoqmedebas Tvalyurs adevnebda.roca man k. marjaniSvilis ambavi moismina, hkiTxa _ operetisTeatrs xom ar uxelmZRvanelebda. Tan ganumarta, rom misqmars Zalian uyvars opereta da xSirad dadis warmodgenebze.Tumc operetebis Sablonuri dadgmebi ar moswons, aRzianebskidec. `Tu kote dadgamda, ueWvelad saintereso gamovidoda~.qmari am saqmisTvis siamovnebiT miscems fuls. `Tu Tanaxmaxar, xval telefoniT dareke.~ ès imdenad ucnauri iyo, romCven xumroba gvegona, magram mainc vfiqrobdiT _ ìqneb da essimarTlea?~ 8 meore diliT kote marjaniSvilma daureka eleneWavWavaZes, romelmac mosalaparakeblad qmarTan misvla Txova.imave dRes gadawyda, rom moskovSi gaixsneboda Teatri, romlicsaukeTeso msaxiobTa ZalebiT maRalmxatvrul operetas Seqmnida.fuls miscemda v. p. suxodolski, saqmes uxelmZRvanelebda k.a. marjaniSvili.am istorias k. marjaniSvilis Semoqmedebis mkvlevari g.kriJicki gansxvavebulad iwyebs: marjaniSvilma mosinja yvelaJanri: drama, opereta, tragedia, mimodrama.... da am JanrebisgaerTianebis ideiT undoda Seeqmna Teatri, sadac operasSeenacvleba pantomima, dramas opereta _ anu Seeqmna sinTezuriTeatri, sadac msaxiobebi imRerebdnen, iTamaSebdnen, icekvebdnenda mimebic iqnebodnen.am gegmiT gaitaca Teatralur saqmeSi gamoucdeli, magramsaxelis moxveWis perspeqtiviT moxibluli, kalugis guberniisTavad-aznaurTa winamZRoli, milioneri naTesavi v. p.suxodolski. suxodolskim da marjaniSvilma xelSekrulebadades, ris mixedviTac `Tavisufali TeatrisTvis~ 9 suxodolskioTxi wlis vadiT karetni riadSi, SCukinis èrmitaJis~ Senobasiqiravebda. erT dros, am SenobaSi moskovis samxatvro Teatrmadaiwyo moRvaweoba.`Tavisufali Teatris~ msaxiobis n. monaxovis azriT: bevrssjeroda rom `mdidari adamiani~, romelic Teatrs afinansebdamecenati iyo. es simarTles ar Seesabameboda. moskovSisuxodolski popularuli iyo, rogorc Tamasuqis gamnaRdebeli.manana turiaSvilisinTezuri Teatris perspeqtivam, suxodolski gaitaca da mandidi xarji gaiRo, im rwmeniT, rom am xarjebs dafaravda.`SesaZloa, rom marjanovma mas moskovis samxatvro TeatrismagaliTi mouyvana, romelic Tavdapirvelad deficituri iyo,da mere, Tavisi mdgomareobis gamagrebis Semdeg, aqcionerebskarg dividentebs aZlevda. rogorc Cans, suxodolski darwmunda,rom am Teatridan sargebels TiTqmis dauyovnebliv miiRebda~ 10 .v. p. suxodolskim Teatris organizaciisTvisganusazRvreli xarjebi gaiRo. `Tavisufali Teatris~ msaxiobio. golubeva wers: `... Tumc Tavidanve naTeli iyo, rom aseTiTeatri uaxloes droSi danaxarjebs ver aanazRaurebda dadidi zarali gardauvali iqneboda~ 11 . kote marjaniSvilmasuxodolskis Teatris saqmianobaSi Careva aukrZala da maserTaderTi ufleba dautova: `sakuTar loJaSi speqtaklze daRia generalur repeticiaze daswreba~ 12 . kote marjaniSvilis`Tavisufali Teatri~ axalgazrduli da xalisiani, artistulisulis adamianebs unda SeeqmnaT. amgvari adamianebi, saqmesgulgrilad, xelosnurad ver moekidebodnen.k. marjaniSvilisa da diriJor k. s. sarajevis (sarajiani)sazRvargareT gamgzavreba movlenad iqca. kote marjaniSviliberlinSi operetis dasadgmelad cnobil germanel reJisorTanmaqs reinhardtTan molaparakebas awarmoebda, romelic erTdadgmaze daTanxmda; florenciaSi _ gordon kregTan, romelmacZalian didi Tanxa moiTxova (dadgmaSi 30. 000 maneTi);parizSi Sexvda samxatvro Teatris yofil reJisors a. a.sanins (Senbergi), romelic daiTanxma `Tavisufal TeatrSi~muSaobaze. monte-karloSi momReral lidia lipkovskaiasTanda feodor SalapianTan molaparakeba uSedegod damTavrda.samxatvro Teatrs am SemoqmedebTan kargi urTierToba hqonda.k. marjaniSvilma safrangeTSi SeiZina muzeumSi daculiklasikuri franguli operetebis aslebi. londonSi, florenciaSi,varSavaSi, venaSi saopereto dadgmebs gaecno. k. marjaniSvilisyovel nabijs rusuli presa sensaciurad exmaureboda, romelicTavisdauneburad `Tavisufali Teatris~ reklamac iyo. k.marjaniSvilma evropaSi, Sarlotenburgis operaSi ganaTebis10 11

`Tavisufali Teatris~ Seqmnisa da daSlis mizezebimanana turiaSvilisistema Seiswavla, miunxenSi scenaze orkestris saTavsosaxal mowyobilobas gaecno.SCukinis èrmitaJis~ Teatris gadakeTebaze 200. 000 maneTi 13daxarjes. n. monaxovi kote marjaniSvilis reJisorulifantaziiT aRfrTovanebulia, magram Tvlis, rom saqmiTgatacebuli da enTuziazmiT Sepyrobili `...is xSirad kargavdazomierebis grZnobas da SeeZlo mravali Seusabamobis Cadena.ase, magaliTad, oTxi wliT arendiT aRebuli sxvisi SenobisremontisTvis man 200. 000 maneTis daxarjva moaxerxa, anuTanxa, romelic im dros axali Teatris aSenebas eyofoda~ 14 .Teatri gadaakeTes. moawyves maSindeli ruseTisTvis jerkidev axali _ mbrunavi scena, SesaniSnavi ganaTeba rampisgareSe _ esec siaxle iyo. orkestri scenis qveS ganaTavses,saukeTeso akustikisTvis gansakuTrebuli mowyobilobebiT, esecsiaxle iyo. ucxoeTidan gamoiweres SesaniSnavi `mze~, romelicnamdvili mzis sinaTlis iluzias qmnida.1913 wlis mTeli zafxuli marjaniSvili Teatrissaorganizacio saqmeebiT dakavda. moelaparaka rus msaxiobebs,mxatvrebs, musikosebs. msaxiobebis mowvevisas kote marjaniSviliupiratesobas aZlevda maT vinc monawileobas miiRebda dramaSi,operetaSi, pantomimaSi. uzarmazari dasi moicavda saoperomomRerlebs, dramis msaxiobebs, did gunds, mravalricxovanbalets. msaxiobebis garda kote marjaniSvilma `TavisufalTeatrSi~ miiwvia: reJisorebi, diriJorebi, kompozitorebi.Teatrs hyavda musikaluri nawilis gamge, samxatvron a w i l i s g a m ge , l i te r a tu r u l i n a w i l i s g a m ge ,baletmaisteri, plastikisa da ritmikis pedagogi.orkestris wevrebis umetesoba praRidan miiwvies.Tavdapirvelad orkestrSi rusi musikosebi unda yofiliyvnen,magram roca moskovis orkestrantebma gaiges, rom Teatrsmdidari mecenati afinansebda usaSvelod didi anazRaurebamoindomes. maSin marjaniSvilma moskovel musikosebze uariTqva da sando piri gaagzavna praRaSi, romelmac axalgazrdaCexi musikosebisagan orkestri Sekriba. am svliT kotemarjaniSvilma moskoveli orkestrantebi aimxedra. ase aRmoCnda`Tavisufal TeatrSi~ 120 pirvelxarisxovani Cexi musikosi.orkestrs xelmZRvanelobda k. s. sarajevi.TeatrSi samedicino-sanitaruli ganyofileba Seiqmna,romelsac xelmZRvanelobda axalgazrda eqimi nikoloz (kako)gamrekeli.g. xaratiSvilis informaciiT: k. marjaniSvilma `TavisufalTeatrSi~ moskovis umaRlesi saswavleblis ramdenime qarTvelistudenti TanamSromlad Caricxa da yovel Tve xelfass uxdida.eqim k. gamrekelis gadmocemiT, `Tavisufali Teatris~TanamSromlebad iricxebodnen studentebi: griSa jafariZe,irakli amirejibi, sergo vaSaZe, elene yanCaveli, giorgi qurcikiZe,babo gamrekeli da sxvebi. 15`Tavisufali Teatris~ Camoyalibebis procesSi, 1913 wlis6-7 aprils k. s. stanislavski samxatvro Teatris msaxiob o.v. gzovskaias wers: `...marjanovma saidanRac iSova uzarmazarifuli da [...] aqeT-iqiT apnevs, SeZlebisdagvarad yvelas Taviskenibirebs. sanins 15 aTasi dauniSna (ukve iCxubes, da ar elaparakeba,da erTmaneTs ar esalmebian). koonens _ eqvsi aTasi (samxatvroTeatridan `Tavisufal TeatrSi~ gadasvlis gamo k. s.stanislavski a. koonens aTi weli ar elaparakeboda _ m. t.), mkerav maria frolovnas _ 4 aTasi, leonidovs sTavazobdaTiTqmis 25 aTass. amas winaT sauzmobda viRacasTan, romlisgadmobirebac undoda, da mas 30 maneTis angariSi miutanes.misi xelebi imdenad mieCvia feradi qaRaldis fulebs, rom 30maneTis gadasaxelad is iRebs or asmaneTians.ai, mogiyevi yvela ambavi da Wori~ 16 .1913 wels 19 aprils (2 maisi) f. Saliapini kviproszewers gorkis: `momaval wels CvenTan, moskovSi kidev erTiTeatri ixseneba, romelsac `Tavisufali Teatri~ erqmeva. didifuli iSoves, Sekribes uzarmazari dasi, moawyves sinjebi _sinjebze 1000-mde adamiani iyo. bolosdabolos, amoirCiesyvelaze niWierni da iTamaSeben yvelafers, operas, operetas,komedias, dramas da tragedias. RmerTma xeli moumarToT,magram am wamowyebas skeptikurad vuyureb~ 17 . Saliapins miaCnda,rom am saqmis dawyeba skolis gareSe gaZneldeboda.Seiqmna komisia. sinjebi Teatralur saswavlebelSi misaRebgamocdebs gavda. axalgazrda msaxiobebs improvizaciuletiudebs aZlevdnen _ Temebze da ise afasebdnen. amowmebdnen12 13

`Tavisufali Teatris~ Seqmnisa da daSlis mizezebiritmis SegrZnebas, smenas da plastikurobas. presa werda:àxlad mosul msaxiobebs aSineben Savi taraknebiT, axlobeliadamianebis sikvdilis SetyobinebiT; balerinas simRerasaiZuleben, tragikoss _ cekvas, komikoss ki `hamletidan~monologs akiTxeben~.male sinjebi repeticiebiT da gundis varjiSebiT Seicvala.SCukinis Teatris did SenobaSi mecadineobebi yvelganmimdinareobda. saaTebze da wuTebze gaTvlili ganrigiTdakavebuli iyo: scena, ori avanloJa, didi da patara foie,veranda, e. w. iuridiuli Sekrebis oTaxi, sakostumo, direqtoriskabineti.msaxiobi v. l. iurenevas cnobiT: `Tavisufal TeatrSi~kote marjaniSvils uzarmazari kabineti hqonda. oTaxisSuagulSi `hi perbolur~ sawer magidaze gadafarebuliuZvirfasesi, Txeli mwvane maudis kideebi daudevrad ZirseSvebodnen. magidaze dazRvavebuli iyo naxazebi, naxatebi.`yvelgan fanqrebis grovaa, da imxela sididis, rom aqamde damis Semdegac cxovrebaSi erTxelac ar minaxavs.~ magidiscentrSi marmarilos giganturi samelne idga. mis garSemo,rogorc samelnis damateba, did sivrceze `micocavden~ mZimemarmarilos mtaceblebi _ vefxvebi, taxebi, martorqebi, lomebi.`maTi daRWenili xaxebi, eSvebi, gamosuli brWyalebigemuqrebodnen, maSin roca konstantine aleqsandres Ze magidasTan,uzarmazar savarZelSi mSvidad CaZiruliyo. am uzarmazarsagnebSi is geCvenebodaT Zalze patara. kabinetis kuTxeSimoTavsebuli iyo litavrebi, romlebzec gazeTebSi werdnen.gakeTebuli gansakuTrebuli SekveTiT, aseve zorba zomis,moWedili mbrwyinavi spilenZiT, isini gamoscemdnen uCveuloxaverdovan bgerebs da saarako fuli Rirda. marjanovma,JReradobis demonstrirebisTvis, litavrebs daRliladCamoartya. ...litavrebis gamoyeneba TeatrSi ver moaswres~ 18 .kote marjaniSvilma SeimuSava `Tavisufali Teatris~ Sinaganawesi:`moqmedebis msvlelobisas moiTxoveba kulisebSisamarisebuli siCume. pirebs, romelnic mimdinare moqmedebaSiar monawileoben, upirobod ekrZalebaT scenaze yofna.~manana turiaSvili...Teatris saidumloebebis, misi Canafiqrebis, Ziebebis Senaxva_ yvela mosamsaxuris erT-erTi umTavresi movaleobaa.~mTavrdeboda Taviseburi mimarTviT `Tavisufali Teatris~TanamSromlebisadmi: `Cvens winaSea didi, seriozuli da Zalzesapasuxismgeblo saqme. yoveli Cvenganis xelSi Cveni momavalia,Cveni bedi da Cveni axalgazrda Teatris bedi.ar Segvibraleben. ai ratom unda gaverTiandeT, mudmivaddavexmaroT erTmaneTs da gvaxsovdes, rom Cveni pirveligamarjvebaa _ disci plina. es Sinagani disci plinaa, essiyvarulia da erTguleba Cveni sicocxlis wyarosTan.dae, gvwyalobdes RmerTi siyvarulSi da bolomde rwmenaSi.k. marjanovi~ 19 .`Tavisufali Teatris~ kulisebis atmosfero operetisTeatrisagan gansxvavdeboda: yvelgan gamefebuli iyo siCume,sisufTave, uCveulo Tavazianoba da Teatris nebismierisamuSaosadmi yuradReba. n. monaxovi werda: ìseTi SegrZnebamqonda, rom TiTqos gatyavebuli, cudad gawyobili oTaxidanmSvenier, myudro, komfortul sastumro oTaxSi movxvdi.aseT atmosferoSi muSaoba namdvili siamovneba iyo. garSemoar iyo arc Suri, arc intrigebi, arc Worebi. TiToeuliswarmatebas Tu marcxs mTeli koleqtivi iziarebda~ 20 .1913 wlis 3 ivliss, diliT, daiwyo orkestris repeticia,mecadineobebi plastikaSi da ritmikul varjiSebSi, repeticiebida partiebis Seswavla. saRamos repeticia xandaxan piesiskiTxviT icvleboda, romelsac mTeli dasi eswreboda. kiTxvisSemdeg imarTeboda kamaTi. k. marjaniSvili yvela repeticiaseswreboda da muSaobaSi uSualod monawilebda. amave drosTvalyurs adevnebda mayurebelTa darbazis gadakeTebas,sadekoracio saxelosnos muSaobas, samkervalo saamqroebs...ramdenime speqtaklis repeticia erTdroulad tardeboda.speqtaklisaTvis or Semadgenlobas amzadebdnen. dubliorebTanda ZiriTad SemsruleblebTan erTnairad muSaobdnen.Teatris oficialur gaxsnamde TvenaxevriT adre `soroCinisbazrobis~ Sav repeticiebs f. Saliapini da mxatvari k. korovinieswrebodnen. Saliapini calkeuli scenebisa da speqtaklisdetalebis ganxilvaSi monawileobda, zogierT SemsrulebelTan14 15

`Tavisufali Teatris~ Seqmnisa da daSlis mizezebirolebis damuSavebaze da interpretaciaze isaubra. man Tavisi`remarkebis~ dasamtkiceblad imRera Cerevikis (`soroCinisbazrobis~ personaJi) erT-erTi aria. repeticiis monawileTaTxovniT Saliapinma Seasrula don bazilios aria italiuradda simRera «Помню, я еще молодушкой была» TavisiakompanimentiT. roca Teatrs tovebda Saliapnma `xelovnebisTavisuflebaze~ sityva warmosTqva. amiT miesalma axaliTeatris xelmZRvanelebs: k. marjaniSvils, a. sanins da iu.saxnovskis. misi azriT, isini SemoqmedebaSi xelosnobas,gulgrilobas da formalizms gaurbian. axali wamowyebismxardaWerisTvis, marjaniSvilma Teatris saxeliT Saliapinsmadloba gadauxada.e. guguSvilis cnobiT: uzarmazar TeTr furclebzestamburad ibeWdeboda Teatris erTkviriani `savaraudo samuSaoganrigi~ da koleqtivis yovel wevrs urigdeboda. am Tavisebur`samaxsovroebSi~ 21 Teatris sxvadasxva saxis samuSaoaRinusxeboda: repeticiebi, speqtaklebi, premierebi, dasis saerToSekrebebi; iuwyebodnen reJisorebis saubrebze koleqtivTanSemoqmedebiT da saorganizacio sakiTxebze, sareJisorommarTvelobis sxdomaTa Sesaxeb, leqcia-saubrebze (rusulida sazRvargareTuli kulturis moRvaweebis Sesaxeb). kotemarjaniSvilma Semoikriba im drois moduri literatorebida poetebi k. d. balmontis meTaurobiT.`Tavisufali Teatris~ foieSi myudro aveji idga. taxtebzelamazi baliSebi èyara~. taxtebis win, magidebs abreSumisabaJuriani eleqtronuli naTurebi da cocxali yvavilebiamSvenebda. cocxali yvavilebi bjenebzec idga. iatakze rbilimaudi gadaakres. speqtaklis dawyebis win foieSi da mayurebelTadarbazSi surnelovan wyals apkurebdnen. TeatrSi Semosulimayurebeli vestibulis da derefnebis atmosferoTi gaocebuli,mqrqali, mSvidi ganaTebiT moxibluli darbazSi Sedioda.speqtaklis dawyebas iuwyeboda nel-nela mimqrali Suqi daara zari. mayurebelTa darbazi iyo sada, moxerxebulisavarZlebiT, romelSic mSvidad SegeZloT dajdoma _ mezobelsver wamoedebodi. darbazs amkobda farda, romelzec gamoxatuliiyo k. somovis eskizis mixedviT Seqmnili abreSumis sxvadasxvamanana turiaSviliferis naWrebisagan daamzadebuli aplikaciuri namuSevari. amfardaze, sami Tve 40-50 mqargveli qali muSaobda. fardagamoxatavda mxiarul samaskarado zeims _ scenas komediadel artedan (Kommedia dell’arte). am namuSevarSi mxatvars v.suxodolskim 15. 000 maneTi gadauxada. (`Tavisufali Teatris~daxurvis Semdeg es farda v. suxodolskis darCa, rac mas1917 wels sxva qonebasTan erTad nacionalizaciis wesiTCamoarTves. mogvianebiT, farda moskovis qalaqis sabWosaRmaskomis dadgenilebiT saqarTvelos Teatralur muzeumsgadasces.)mayurebeli speqtaklis dawyebamde ramdenime wuTiT adremodioda, raTa mSvidad daeTvalierebina somovis farda. rocaes farda aiweoda, mis ukan meore, mSvidi feris, gluvi maudisfarda ekida: `yovel aqtSi es farda gaiweoda xolme, xolosomovis farda kidev erTxel speqtaklis bolos eSveboda~ 22 .`Tav isu fa li Tea tr Si~ m rav al i nawa rmoeb eb isganxorcielebas varaudobdnen.(gagrZeleba iqneba)1. Н. Петров, Короткие встречи, К. А. Марджанишвили _ Творческоенаследие, письма, воспоминания и статьи о К. А. Марджанишвили,Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба», 1966, ст.4052. Г. Крыжицкий, К. А. Марджанов и русский театр, Москва,всероссийское театральное общество, 1958, ст.663. Н. Д. Живокини-Марджанишвили, Из Воспоминаний, К. А.Марджанишвили _ Творческое наследие, письма, воспоминания и статьио К. А. Марджанишвили, Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба», 1966,ст.2704. Н. Д. Живокини-Марджанишвили, Из прошлого, ст. 60, yvarelis kotemarjaniSvilis saxelmw. muzeumi _ kmsm #27755. А. Коонен, Умение верить в стоящего рядом, К. А. Марджанишвили _Творческое наследие, письма, воспоминания и статьи о К. А.Марджанишвили, Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба», 1966, ст.3016. К. А. Марджанишвили _ Творческое наследие, письма, воспоминанияи статьи о К. А. Марджанишвили, Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба»,1966, ст.6716 17

`Tavisufali Teatris~ Seqmnisa da daSlis mizezebi7. Н. Д. Живокини-Марджанишвили, Из прошлого, ст. 61, yvarelis kotemarjaniSvilis saxelmw. muzeumi _ kmsm #27758. Н. Д. Живокини-Марджанишвили, Из прошлого, ст. 62, yvarelis kotemarjaniSvilis saxelmw. muzeumi _ kmsm #27759. `Tavisufali Teatri~ 1887 wels andre antuanma safrangeTSiSeqmna da ori wlis Semdeg ki berlinSi maqs reinhardtma CamoayalibaTeatri saxelwodebiT `Tavisufali scena~ («Вольная [или Свободная]сцена.») magram am Teatrebs marjaniSvilis TeatrTan saTauris gardasaerTo araferi hqondaT. k. marjaniSvils sinTezuri Teatris Seqmnaundoda.10. Н. Монахов, Страничка из повести о жизни, К. А. Марджанишвили _Творческое наследие, письма, воспоминания и статьи о К. А.Марджанишвили, Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба», 1966, ст. 37211. О. Голубева, Его мечтой был свободный театр, К. А. Марджанишвили_ Творческое наследие, письма, воспоминания и статьи о К. А.Марджанишвили, Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба», 1966, ст.21212. iqve.13. maneTi (Ðóáëü) _ termini `rubli~, rogorc uzalTunis vercxliszodis (200g) naxevris saxelwodeba aRmocenda XIII s. novgorodSi.XIV s-idan igi gavrcelda centraluri ruseTis samTavroebSi. SuazegaWrili uzalTuni _ maneTi utoldeboda aT Saurs. XIV s-Si,rusuli monetebis moWris ganaxlebisas, maneTma dakarga Tavisi woniTimniSvneloba da mxolod saangariSo fulad erTeulad iqca. maneTiiyo saxelmwifos erTiani sistemis fulis erTeuli, romelic 1534Seiqmna ruseTSi. 1704 daiwyo maneTis Rirsebis mqone (28 g) vercxlisfulis moWra, riTac rusuli maneTi evropis fulad sistemaSi Sevida.1897 maneTi gadaiyvanes oqros safuZvelze, I msoflio omis (1914-18)bolos mimoqcevaSi iyo mxolod gaufasurebuli qaRaldis maneTiani.14. Н. Монахов, Страничка из повести о жизни, К. А. Марджанишвили _Творческое наследие, письма, воспоминания и статьи о К. А.Марджанишвили, Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба», 1966, ст. 37315. g. xaratiSvili, kote marjaniSvili rusul TeatrSi, Tbilisi,gamomc. `xelovneba~, 1971, gv. 98-9916. К. С. Станиславский, Собрание сочинений, Москва, изд. «Искусство»,1960 г. , т. 7, ст. 56417. Г. Крыжицкий, К. А. Марджанов и русский театр, Москва,всероссийское театральное общество, 1958, ст.8718. В. Юренева, То, чего не забудеш, К. А. Марджанишвили _ Творческоенаследие, письма, воспоминания и статьи о К. А. Марджанишвили,Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба», 1966, ст.511-512manana turiaSvili19. Г. Крыжицкий, К. А. Марджанов и русский театр, всероссийскоетеатральное общество, Москва, 1958, ст.9020. Н. Монахов, Страничка из повести о жизни, К. А. Марджанишвили _Творческое наследие, письма, воспоминания и статьи о К. А.Марджанишвили, Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба», 1966, ст. 37221. e. guguSvili, kote marjaniSvili, Tbilisi, saqarTvelos Teatralurisazogadoeba, 1972, gv. 20022. О. Голубева, Его мечтой был свободный театр, К. А. Марджанишвили_ Творческое наследие, письма, воспоминания и статьи о К. А.Марджанишвили, Тбилиси, изд. «Литература да хеловнеба», 1966, ст.21318 19

Tamar cagareliTeatris kvleva anTropologiurimeTodiTrogorc cnobilia, anTropologia (berZ. antropos _ adamiani,logos _ moZRvreba) aris mecniereba adamianis warmoSobisa daevoluciis, adamianTa rasebis Sesaxeb. ikvlevs adamianis fizikuritipis variaciebs drosa da sivrceSi, adamianisa da misi rasebiswarmoSobis, Camoyalibebis da SemdgomSi ganviTarebis SeswavlismizniT. anTropologia, rogorc damoukidebeli mecnierebaCamoyalibda XIX saukunis Sua periodSi. misi damoukidebelidargebia: adamianis morfologia, swavleba anTropogenezis Sesaxeb,rasaTmcodneoba. XX saukunis II naxevridan viTardeba kompleqsidisci plinebisa, romelTac aerTianeben saerTo saTauriTàdamianis biologia~. igi Seiswavlis fiziologiur, bioqimiurda genetikur faqtorebs, romelic zegavlenas axdens adamianisorganizmisa da sxeulis agebulebis variaciebsa daganviTarebaze. amave dros es periodi bevri axali samecnierodisciplinebis CamoyalibebiT aRiniSna. filosofiaSi aseTiaxali disci plinebia: `filosofiuri anTropologia~,àqsiologia~, `kulturologia~, `ganaTlebis filosofia~ dasxva.filosofiuri disciplinebis Camoyalibebis paraleluradyalibdeba axali, kerZo, specialuri mecnierebebi. erT-erTiaseTi specialuri mecnierebaa `Teatraluri anTropologia~,romlis Semqmnelia odinis Teatris erT-erTi fuZemdebelieujenio barba. (aqve minda avRniSni, rom vmuSaobT eujeniobarbas wignis_`Teatris anTropologia~ _ Targmanze).Teatralurma anTropologiam unda ganixilos Teatrisistoria da ganviTareba adamianis adgilis gaTvaliswinebiTsamyaroSi. aRiarebs ra gons, romelic marTavs sxeuls,specifikur adamianur fenomenad, Teatralurma anTropologiamadamiani, am SemTxvevaSi unda Seiswavlos, rogorc TeatrisSemqmneli, rogorc adamianis formirebis specifiuri garemo.filosofiur, istoriul da kulturul anTropologiazedayrdnobiT Teatralurma anTropologiam unda aCvenos, romsxeuli kvlevis erT-erT umTavres obieqts warmoadgens. masSeiswavlian ara rogorc garkveuli eTnokulturiswarmomadgenels, aramed, rogorc msaxiobis Jestis, mimikis, sadacunda gaviTvaliswinoT agreTve niRabic, romelic SesaZlebeliawarmodgenili iyos sxvadasxva masalisagan: xisgan, Tixisgan,sxvadasxva feris grimiT (xSir SemTxvevaSi niRabi sxeulis`gagrZelebad~ gvevlineba. meierholdi werda: `niRabi, Jestida moZraoba, ganuyofeli nawilia da dakavSirebulia balaganTan,sanaxaobasTan, sadac sxeulis dinamika regulirdeba niRbistradiciasTan~ 1 ), zogadad plastikis TaviseburebaTagamomxatvelad, agreTve Seiswavlian, rogorc universalurtranskulturul moculobas, romelic erTnairia kulturaTainvariantul sistemaSi. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom sxvadasxvada zogjer paralelur kulturaSi, msgavsi viTarebani yovelTvisurTierTzegavlenis Sedegi ar aris, rom SevadaroT dasavleTisada aRmosavleTis kultura, sagulisxmo paralelebs aRmovaCenT,magram isini, rogorc wesi msgavsi social-ekonomikuri,teqnikuri Tu kulturuli donis Sedegia da araurTierTzegavlenis.Teatris anTropologia iTvaliswinebs adamianis saqcielisSeswavlas maSin, rodesac warmodgenisas igi iyenebs sakuTarfizikur da gonebriv resurss da iqceva yoveldRiuricxovrebidan gansxvavebuli principebis Sesabamisad, rasacTeatralur samyaroSi samsaxiobo teqnikas uwodeben, `msaxiobi,xom esaa adamiani, momuSave sakuTari sxeuliT~. 2`Teatris anTropologiis saerTaSoriso skolis saqmianobawarmoadgens sxeulis damatebiTi gamoyenebis princi pebisSeswavlas da mis misadagebas msaxiobis samuSaosTan~ 3 . aserom, Teatris anTropologia es aris adamianis sociokulturulida fiziologiuri qcevis Seswavla Sesrulebisdros. sxvadasxva adgilis, droisa da tradiciisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli stilisturi formebis miuxedavad, sxvadasxvaSemsruleblebs gaaCniaT saerTo princi pebi. TeatrisanTropologiis pirveli amocanaa Tvali miadevnos am periodulprinci pebs. isini ar adastureben `Teatris mecnierebis”arsebobas da arc ramodenime universalur kanons. isini mxolod20 21

Teatris kvleva anTropologiuri meTodiTramdenime karg `rCevas” warmoadgenen, scenuri praqtikisaTvissaWiro informacias. rodesac randenime `karg rCevazea” saubari,iqmneba iluzia, rom saqme exeba raimes, rac naklebad Rirebuliatermin “Teatris anTropologiasTan” SedarebiT. magramSeswavlis rigi sferoebi – magaliTad ritorika da moralianda Tundac qcevis Seswavla aseve warmoadgenen ramodenime`kargi rCevis” magaliTs.sxvadasxva adgilis, drois da tradiciis miuxedavad,sxvadasxva Semsruleblebs gaaCniaT saerTo pronci pi. esprincipi erTi saerTo wertili _ ritualia, romelic yvelaeris istoriis safuZvelSive Zevs. ritualuri formebi, xomuZvelesi xelovnebis winare saxea. rituali ki, rogorccnobilia, pirdapir ukavSirdeba Teatrs, saTeatro xelovnebas.ritualis Seqmnis meqanizmi xom `mimezisi~, `mibaZvaa~, racamave dros Teatraluri warmodgenis erT-erTi mniSvnelovanisaSualebaa. aristotele iziarebda samarTlian Sexedulebas,rom TamaSi da miswrafeba wabaZvisken sulis yvelaze ufroadrindeli da elementarul aRgznebas miekuTvneba.ganviTarebis istoriiT, is ufro xnieria, vidre religia.wabaZva TamaSiT, romelmac Seqmna rituali, saidanac warmoiSvasaTeatro xelovnebebi, ramac Cvenamde moaRwia freskis ankedlis mxatvrobis saxiT, qvaze gamoxatulma Tugamoqandakebulma, sadac adamianis Jestikulacia da moZraobaadafiqsirebuli, romlis sawyisi adamianis sxeulia. erTSemTxvevaSi tomSi mxiaruleba ifeTqebda, cekva-TamaSiimarTeboda warmatebuli nadirobisa Tu sxva tomTan brZolaSigamarjvebis Sedegad, meore SemTxvevaSi _ adamianis sikvdili,misi dakrZalvis ceremonia Tavis mxriv iTxovda pirveliSemTxvevisagan gansxvavebul Jestikulacias, sadac gamoixatebodaglova, mwuxareba. iyo SemTxvevebi, roca esa Tu is tomispecialur ritualebs marTavdnen, raTa daemSvidebinaTsaidumloebiT moculi bunebis demonebis guli da amiT TavidanaecilebinaT gvalva Tu wyaldidoba. pirvelyofili tomebiceremoniuli vedrebiT, msxverplSewirviT, aRgznebuli,Tavbrudamxvevi moZraobebiTa da cekviT cdilobdnen RmerTTanmiaxloebas. swored TiToeuli maTganis mier ganxorcielebulTamar cagareliTamaSobebSi Cans TviT epoqa da xalxi. civilizaciisganviTarebasTan erTad, ra Tqma unda, viTardeboda amgvariwarmodgena_TamaSobebi, romlebic Tavis mxriv sxva datvirTvasiZenda, Tumca sxeulis ena TiTqmis ucvleli rCeboda.helmut plesneri naSromSi ànTropologia da qcevisTeoria~ 5 ganixilavs adamianSi arsebul or sxeuls, sxeulsbunebrivs, romelsac yovelwamier vxvdebiT da vxedavT yofaSida sxeuls gankuTvnils xelovnebisaTvis, kulturisaTvis,romelsac igi esTetikurad organizebuls uwodebs da romelicmxolod da mxolod msaxiobisa da mocekvavis privilegiadrCeba, mniSvnelovania isic, rom Tavad ritualicinterpretirdeba, rogorc èsTetikuri TamaSi~. amgvarad, rogorcukve avRniSne, rituali TamaSis sawyis elementebs Seicavdada aqedan gamomdinare mWidrod ukavSirdeba Teatralurxelovnebas, romlis daxmarebiTac adamiani Tavisi sxeulisbatoni xdeba. Jestikulaciisa da qmedebis/moZraobis xelovnebiswyalobiT adamiani sxva personis, gmirisa Tu personaJisSemqmneli xdeba. sxeulis floba, `magiuri saxis~ Seqmna preistoriuliwyaroebidan ukve mogvepoveba, romelic CvenamdeSemonaxulia ZiriTadad, rogorc arqeologiuri nimuSebis saxiT,magram arsebuli istoriuli (anTropologiuri) wyaroebiskvlevis saSualebiT Cven SegviZlia SeviswavloT daqronologiuri saxiT davalagoT is sawyisi da ganviTareba,romelsac Teatraluri anTropologia ewodeba.`Teatraluri anTropologia eZebs saWiro mimarTulebebsuniversaluri princi pebis nacvlad _ wers barba _ mas argaaCnia mecnierebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zomiereba. mas gaaCniaambicia aRmoaCinos codna, romelic SesaZlebelia gamoadgesSemsrulebels Tavis saqmianobaSi. misi mizani ar aris kanonebisdadgena, igi ufro qcevis kanonebs Seiswavlis, rasac Sedegadmoaqvs scenuri praqtikisaTvis saWiro informacia~ 6 . aqedangamomdinare pre-istoriuli magaliTebidan moyolebulidRevandeli dRis CaTvliT mopovebuli da gaSifrulisaSemsruleblo xelovneba ufro farTo diapazoniT gvaZlevsSans SevinarCunoT da ganvaviTaroT saTeatro xelovnebis esa22 23

Teatris kvleva anTropologiuri meTodiTTu is elementebi, tradiciebi, movaxdinoT Serwyma Cveni dasxva erebis kulturuli adaT-wesebisa, xelovnebis nimuSebisa.Teatrs meores mxriv SeuZlia Ria iyos sxva TeatrebisgamocdilebisaTvis, ara im mizniT, rom moaxdinos dadgmissxvadasxva xerxebis erTmaneTSi areva, aramed imisaTvis romgamoZebnos saerTo principebi da moaxdinos maTi gadacemas a ku Ta r i ga m ocdi l e b i s gzi T. a m S emTxv ev a S i ,mravalferovnebisadmi gaxsniloba ar niSnavs maincadamaincaRrevas. piriqiT igi Tavidan agvacilebs steriluri izolaciisrisks. saerTo pedagogiuri safuZvlis SesaZleblobis ganxilvaabstraqtul da Teoriul donezec ki, ar niSnavs TeatrisadmisaerTo damokidebulebis qonas. “xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargebi_ werda dekro _ TavianTi principebidan da ara Sedegebidangamomdinare hgvanan erTaneTs”.`Teatris anTropologia swored am princi pebisSeswavlas cdilobs. igi dainteresebulia maTi SesaZlogamoyenebiT, da ara namdvil an savaraudo mizezebSi, romlebicaxsnidnen maT msgavsebas. am principebis aseTi Seswavla waadgebaorive dasavlel da aRmosavlel Semsrulebels, maT visackodificirebuli tradicia gaaCnia da maTac, vinc uCivis misar qonas~ 7 .amitomac, Cemi Sromis, `Teatris kvleva anTropologiurimeTodiT~, ZiriTadi mizania qarTuli Teatris kvlevaanTropologiuri meTodiT, anTropologiuri skolebis kvleviskvaldakval.qarTul TeatrmcodneobaSi arsebobs dimitri janeliZiskvlevebi `qarTuli Teatris xalxuri sawyisebis” Sesaxeb,romelic ganixileba rogorc Teatris istoriad, rogorcarqeologiur da filologiur naSromad. dRevandelirealobidan gamomdinare vTvli, rom aucilebelia mopovebulimasalis gadamuSaveba da misi Seswavla Teatris anTropologiiskuTxiT. sanaxaobrivi kulturis masalebi avtors ise aqvsSerCeuli, dalagebuli da ganxiluli, rom SesaZlebeliasanaxaobrivi Semoqmedebis ganxilva anTropologiuriTvalTaxedviT. saSualeba gveZleva SevqmnaT sqema qarTulisanaxaobrivi kulturis ganviTarebisa ritualuri TamaSobidanTamar cagarelidawyebuli dramatul gansaxierebamde. SesaZlebeliaparalelebis gavleba Zveli qarTuli sanaxaobebisa ZvelidasavleTisa Tu aRmosavleTis saritualo qmedebasTan,Teatralur warmodgenebTan. SesaZlebeli xdeba ganvixiloTda SeviswavloT dramatuli msaxiobis, mocekvavisa Tu mimismoZraoba/Jestikulacia, xma, fiziologia da kodifikacia,organuli sxeuli da goneba, Cacmuloba, niRabi, msgavsiprincipebi da gansxvavebuli warmodgenebi, SemoqmedebiTi procesi,Teatraluri skolebi da Teatraluri kultura, msaxiobissavarjiSos mniSvneloba dramaturgiaSi, mayurebelTan fizikuridialogi, istoriografia da a. S.1. Мейерхольд В. Статьи. Письма. Речи. Беседы. Часть первая. М.:Искусство, 1968. Ср. 672. eJi grotovski Tbilisi. 2008 weli. gv. 54-553. Eugenio Barba and Nicola Savarese, A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology.The Secret Art of the Performer. Second edition. Translated by Richard Fowler.London and New York. p. 114. aristoteles `poetika~. Tbilisi. 1948w. gv. 325. Хельмут Плеснер. Проблема человека в западной философии:Переводы/Сост. и послесл. П. С. Гуревича; Общ. ред. Ю.Н. Попова.-М.:Прогресс, 1988. Ср. 446. Eugenio Barba and Nicola Savarese, A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology.The Secret Art of the Performer. Second edition. Translated by Richard Fowler.London and New York. p.237. iqve8. dimitri janeliZe `qarTuli Teatris xalxuri sawyisebi~. 1983w.24 25

kinomcodneobaroland (mixo) boraSvililev kuleSovis samontaJo koncefciaekranuli nawarmoebebis SeqmnaSi montaJis rolze kamaTimisi warmoSobis momentidan mimdinareobda, ramdenadac kinoSialbaT, arcerT gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebas amdeni cvlilebaar ganucdia rogorc montaJs. montaJi, pirvel rigSi, ekranuliproduqciis saxieri gadawyvetis agebis maorganizebeli sawyisia,radganac es ukanaskneli erTdroulad warmoadgens orierTmaneTis gverdze mdgomi kadrebis SeerTebis teqnikurxerxsac da SemoqmedebiTi, saavtoro azrovnebis formasac,avtoriseuli xedvis gamoxatvis xerxsac da mayurebelze, misinformirebulobaze, emociur mdgomareobaze, samyaros aRqmazezemoqmedebis saSualebasac.mivmarToT XX saukunis bolosTvis Camoyalibebul montaJisistoriasa da Teoriebs. saukunis dasawyisSi pirvelikinogadaRebebi erTi wertilidan warmoebda. calke gadaRebulikadrebi lagdeboda montaJur fragmentebad, romlebic Tavismxriv warmoqmnidnen saxieri gadawyvetis Sinagan mTlianobas.es saSualebas iZleoda gaexsnaT gadaRebuli masalis Sinaarsi.mayurebelma ekranze mimdinare movlenebis TanagancdiT anTavisi TvalTaxedvis dapirispirebiT iswavla ekranulimoqmedebis aRqma, rogorc realobis nawili, gind sxvagvari,gind ararealuri, konstruirebuli, magram mainc realuris.TandaTan zRvari or samyaros: ekranul da realurs SoriswaiSala. rac ufro natifi gaxda montaJi, rac ufro axloarealobis TvaliT aRqma, gaCnda misi fiqsaciis saSualeba jerkinofirze, Semdeg ki _ cifrulze, miT umetess, rom adviladsamarTavia mayurebeli, romelic ufro metad emorCilebamanipulaciebs.ZiriTadi montaJuri Teoriebi munji kinos periodSiCamoyalibda. am periodSi kamera mxolod erTi wertilidanafiqsirebda moqmedebas, moZraobas ki kadrebis cvlaenacvleboda. xmis ararsebobis gamo filmebis avtorebs mudmivaduxdebodaT kadris plastikuri gamomsaxvelobiTi formis Zieba.26 27

lev kuleSovis samontaJo koncefciaaman praqtikuli montaJis sferoSi mniSvnelovan aRmoCenebamdemiiyvana kinematografi.erT-erT aseT aRmoCenad XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi e. w.kuleSovis efeqti gvevlineba. masalis maqsimalurigamomsaxvelobiTobisken ltolviT Sepyrobilma rusmakinoreJisorma da pedagogma lev kuleSovma montaJis manamdeucnobi SesaZleblobebi gamoavlina. kinos mravali praqtikosisada Teoretikosis msgavsad is masSi xedavda Txrobis dinamiurida leqsikuri organizebis saSualebas, movlenis modelisaRdgenis SesaZleblobebs (am principiT dResac amontaJebenmraval movleniTi xasiaTis siuJetebs). misma eqsperimentebmauCvenes, rom montaJs SeuZlia ufro metad damoukidebeliroli Seasrulos: daarRvios erTi da aagos sxva logikurikavSirebi. aq laparakia movlenebis mimdinareobaSi uSualodavtoris `SeWraze~. epizodebis SejaxebiT an maTi SepirispirebiT,reJisori axdens mayureblis aRqmis formirebas.`... Cven davrwmundiT imaSi, rom kinematografismeSveobiT mayurebelze zemoqmedebis ZiriTadi saSualebais saSualebaa, romelic mxolod kinematografisTvisaadamaxasiaTebeli, _ es mocemuli monakveTebis Sinaarsisa r a u b r a l o d C v e neb a a , a r a m ed a m m o na k v e Teb i serTmaneTTan organizeba, maTi kombinacia, konstruqcia,anu monakveTebis Sefardeba, maTi Tanmimdevroba, erTimonakveTi s meor eTi Canacvl ebaa~ 1 , _ werda l. kuleSovi.kuleSovis sistema `manqanuri~ civilizaciiT sayovelTaogatacebis epoqaSi warmoiqmna, maSin, rodesac samrewvelowarmoebam muSaobis organizaciis axali meTodebis wyalobiT(standartizacia, konveieri) xarisxobrivi naxtomi moaxdina,konstruqtivizmi ki mxatvrebis TvalSi gamoxatvis yvelazeTanamedrove, racionaluri da qmediTi formis SaravandediTSeimosa.Tavisebur niSnur kinoenas, romelsac l. kuleSovi amuSavebda,safuZvlad daedo amerikeli kinoreJisoris devid uark grifitisintuiciuri mignebebi (paraleluri montaJis gamoyeneba) daaRqmis kanonebi fiziologiis doneze. kuleSovi iswrafvodaadamianis fsiqikuri da fizikuri moRvaweobis usasruloroland (mixo) boraSvilimravalferovneba daeyvana ti puri reaqciebis SedarebiTSezRudul raodenobamde, romelTa ekranze gadatana adviladiyo SesaZlebeli specialurad momzadebuli menatureebis mimikis,Jestis da moZraobis meSveobiT.amgvari sistema moiTxovda esTeturi informaciis orjerad`gadayvanas~: reJisors gadaaqvs filmis Sinaarsi plastikuri`Sifris~ enaze, mayurebeli `kiTxulobs~ gamosaxulebas,moqmedebis fragmentebis konkretuli Sinaarsis da amfragmentebis `Sejaxebebis~ sakuTari emociuri aRqmisgangamomdinare. Canafiqris mniSvnelovnobisgan damoukidebladfilmis warmateba mniSvnelovanwilad ganpirobebuli iyo`menatureebis~ unariT sworad ganesaxierebinaT mayurebelzemgrZnobelobiTi zemoqmedebis ànbanis~ esa Tu is elementi(poza, Rimili, sasowarkveTilobisa Tu sixarulis,ganrisxebulobisa Tu daucvelobis Jestebi da a. S.), agreTveimiT, Tu rogor gamoexmaureboda mayurebeli axal `kinoanbans~.rogorc XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis kinematografistebisumetesoba, l. kuleSovic, kinos specifikas mis dinamikaSixedavda da im filmebs aZlevda upiratesobas, romlebic swrafimoqmedebiTa da aqtiurad ganviTarebadi intrigiT gamoirCeodnen.dinamiuroba garkveuli moTxovnebis dacvas gulisxmobda:ramdenadac ZiriTad informacias gamosaxuleba iZleoda, isunda yofiliyo dasamaxsovrebeli, advilad wasakiTxi, ar undamoecva meorexarisxovani.samwuxaroa, rom dRes l. kuleSovis es sainteresodakvirvebebi miviwyebulia (an ucnobia!..). feradovani aqcenti,kadris araswori kompoziciuri ageba xom momxdaris mimarTdamokidebulebis Secvlas iwvevs, rasac SeuZlia moqmedebis,movlenis arsi daamaxinjos. ubraloeba (TiTqmis grafikuligulcivoba), detalebis gulmodgine SerCeva, maqsimalurieqspresiuloba axasiaTebT l. kuleSovis mier SeqmnilisaukeTeso filmebis kadrebs.Tumca masac ki yovelTvis ar gamosdioda sasurveliSedegisTvis mieRwia. zogjer misi filmebis saxieri agebissimboluri ganzogadoeba winaaRmdegobaSi modiodakinogamosaxulebis fotografiul bunebasTan: kadri gadaiqceoda28 29

lev kuleSovis samontaJo koncefcianiSnad, filmi ki kadrebis Tavyrilobad, romelsac mayurebeliumalve kiTxulobda da imdagvarad iyvnen gaerTianebulni, romgamoricxulia maTi sxvagvarad gagebis SesaZlebloba. SedegadkuleSovi mivida im daskvnamde, rom àrc ise mniSvnelovaniamonakveTebis Sinaarsi Tavis Tavad, rogorc orisxvadasxva Sinaarsis monakveTis SeerTeba da maTiSeerTebisa da monacvleobis wesi~. 2miuxedavad revoluciuri ideebisa, l. kuleSovis TeoriasmTeli rigi naklovanebebi gaaCnia:1. gamosaxuleba asrulebs misTvis uCveulo sityvis esTeturfunqciebs;2. amis Sedegad gardauvalia masalis deformacia, montaJisinteresebisTvis sivrcisa da drois mTlianobis gawyveta;3. gmirebis rTuli grZnobiTi gancdebi, maT mier momxdarisgaazreba dayvanilia mimikisa da Jestebis wminda fiziologiurgamovlenamde, msaxiobi-menatureebis elementarul pirobiTreaqciebamde;4. montaJi asrulebs damxmare rols, uzrunvelyofs kadrebislogikur kavSirs da gvacnobebs pirobiTi niSan-xedebis mTeliseriis damajereblobas;5. cxovrebis imitaciisTvis reJisori iZulebulia racSeiZleba metad daSordes mas, rom daemorCilos saxviTigadawyvetis ferweruli interpretaciis moTxovnebs.absoluturad naTelia, rom xmovanma kinematografma daangrial. kuleSovis kinematografiuli sistema. xma, konkretulifizikuri realobis elementi, arRvevda sinamdvilis gardauvaldeformaciaze dafuZnebuli nawarmoebebis esTetur mTlianobas(reJisoris saukeTeso filmSic ki `kanoniT~ (`Ïî çàêîíó~) ZneladmoiZebneba Tundac erTi peizaJi, romelsac ar eqnebodasimboluri mniSvneloba da Tavidan aicilebda reJisorul`grims~). amave dros saxasiaToa, rom sityva-niSans (titri)l. kuleSovi cnobda da mniSvnelobiT da arsiT uTanabrebdakidec Cveulebriv plastikur kadrs. amaSi pirvel yovlisa isroland (mixo) boraSvilixedavda SesaZleblobas lakonurad gamoexata garkveuli,erTmniSvnelovani gageba.reJisoris azriT, romelmac erT-erTma pirvelma miaqciayuradReba detalis rols mayureblis aRqmis organizaciasada marTvaSi, arafers SeuZlia ise naTlad da saxierad gadmoscesplastikuri kadris erTmniSvneloba, rogorc marjved moZebnildetals. erTdroulad is gadaiqceva moqmedi piris fizikurmoqmedebasa da sulier mdgomareobas Soris damakavSirebelrgolad da Tavis Tavze iRebs mimdinare movlenis arsisgamxsnel azrobriv funqcias.l. kuleSovi amtkicebda, rom mxolod sivrculi (anTxrobiTi) montaJi Seesabameba adamianis fsiqofizikurgansakuTrebulobebs. miuxedavad ganviTarebis maRali donisa,adamianis azrovnebas unari Seswevs mzeris meSveobiTkonkretuli ufro advilad aRiqvas, vidre abstraqtuli.adamians ar ZaluZs dainaxos da daimaxsovros yvelaferi, racmas gars ertymis. is momxdars afasebs mxolod garkveulidetalebis daxmarebiT, romlebic mis mexsierebas ayalibebenda exmarebian Tvali miadevnos da movlenebs Soris `CarTos~danarCeni Sualeduri frazebi. is aRniSnavda, rom detalebiunda iyos bunebrivi da erTaderTi SesaZlebeli mocemulsituaciebSi. maSin mayureblis farTo wrisTvis naTeli dagasagebi gaxdeba detalebis jaWvi da sivrculi montaJiTorganizebuli logikurad ganviTarebadi siuJeti mayureblismier aRqmuli iqneba yovelgvari zedmeti daZabulobisa danervuli gaRizianebis _ naxtomebis gareSe (l. kuleSovisgangansxvavebiT s. eizenSteini dramatul moqmedebas `naxtomebis~kanonebze agebda). aseT pirobebSi gamoyofili detali saxieriagebis elementi xdeba da amave dros siuJetis `Zravis~ rolsasrulebs.garda amisa, detali mTlianis im nawils warmoadgens,romelic stereoskopulad adidebs sivrces, gamoyofs misganmTavars, razec mayureblis mzera Cerdeba. ramdenadac adamianirealobas bevr rameSi detalebis saSualebiT wvdeba, maTiSerCevis sizustis wyalobiT ekranuli nawarmoebi sinamdvilisrealisturi arekvlis axal xarisxs iZens.30 31

lev kuleSovis samontaJo koncefciaTavad l. kuleSovi Tavis yvela filmSi rodi iyenebda amaRmoCenebs. is kinoxelovnebaSi metyveli saSualebebis sinTezsxedavda, magram mxolod mis plastikur SesaZleblobebsgamoyofda da Tavis nawarmoebebs TxrobiTi ti pis montaJisdaxmarebiT agebda. l. kuleSovma erT-erTma pirvelma dainaxamontaJSi Txrobis dinamiuri da leqsikuri organizebissaSualeba, misi SesaZlebloba aRadginos movlenis modeli(rac satelevizio sainformacio siuJetis agebis safuZvelSidRemdea SemorCenili).sxva sityvebiT, is Tvlida, rom gadaRebis dros aucilebeliagamoiyos mxolod aucilebeli moqmedebis momenti momxdarisgasaxsnelad da mayureblis yuradRebis koncentrirebamoaxdinos am moqmedebis damaxasiaTebel arsebiT detalze,Semdeg ki SeaerTos gadaRebuli xedebi garkveuli montaJuriTanmimdevrobiT, sadac maTi kombinacia umokles droSimayureblis winaSe gaxsnis momxdaris azrs. amis wyalobiTmontaJi fragmentebs dinamiurobas miscems. dinamiuroba romgadmoices, reJisors miaCnda, rom aucilebelia kompoziciuriagebis meSveobiT gadaRebis dros gamoiyos mTavari: gamosaxulebaunda iyos dasamaxsovrebeli, advilad ikiTxebodes, ar undaSeicavdes arafers meorexarisxovans. amasTan montaJma lakonurigamosaxulebis saSualebiT xazi unda gausvas ekranze naCvenebama Tu im faqts.l. kuleSovma erT-erTma pirvelma Seqmna montaJis anbani.man montaJi miiyvana òri erTmaneTis gverdze mdgomi kadrebisjamamde~ da daamtkica, rom, erTmaneTis gverdze myofi oriplanis (xedis) SepirispirebiT, SesaZlebelia Seiqmnasàrarsebuli~. mayurebels SeuZlia danaxulSi dainaxos`daunaxavi~. reJisori Tvlida, rom montaJis daxmarebiTSesaZlebelia mimdinare movlenis deformireba imis mixedviT,rogori damokidebuleba aqvs avtors masalisadmi: `sxvadasxvacvlebi, sxvadasxva konstruqciebi _ kadrebis montaJi_ sxvadasxva azrs miscemen mTel epizods~. 3 l. kuleSovisTeziss _ qronikis montaJi unda iyos mSvidi, unda iqcesdamarwmunebel masalad... movlenis demonstraciad _ dRemdear daukargavs Tavisi aqtualuroba. l. kuleSovma erT-erTmapirvelma gansazRvra montaJis ganviTarebis mimarTuleba, rogorcerT-erTi wamyvani sawyisi axladwarmoSobili kinoenisa.sivrculi montaJis ganxilvisas l. kuleSovma SeqmnamontaJis, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi xerxis, pirveli Teoria,romelic Semdgom v. pudovkinis, al. dovJenkos, s. eizenSteinisTeoriebis safuZvlad iqca. montaJis erT-erTi saxeobisSeswavlamac ki win waswia yvela Teoriuli kvleva.1. Кулешов Л. Искусство кино. Л,. 1929. Стр. 162. Кулешов Л. Искусство кино. Л,. 1929. Стр. 100-1013. Кулешов Л. Новый ЛЭФ, 1927. № 4. Стр. 32roland (mixo) boraSvili32 33

gmiri Tu antigmirinino mxeiZegmiris cneba mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi erTxazovani daucvleli kategoria ar aris. xelovani ara marto gansazRvravsTavisi gmirebis beds, aramed xSirad gmirebi gansazRvravenmxatvruli nawarmoebis beds. ekranze xilulsa da uxilavsSoris kavSirs xelovani da gmiri erTad eZeben. gmiri TavisTavSiaerTianebs samyaros subieqtur da obieqtur aRqmas. xelovanigmiris saSualebiT ganazogadebs movlenebs, xasiaTebs, istoriulda socialur fons. gmiri TaobisaTvis, sazogadoebisaTvis,epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebebs atarebs. yoveldros moaqvs axali mxatvruli saSualebebi, axali struqturebi,axali Sinarsi. samocianelTa Semoqmedeba, swored amiT iyosaintereso. Zmebi Sengelaiebi, ioseliani, kokoCaSvili, kobaxiZe,rexviaSvili, esaZe winaaRmdegobebiT savse samyaros qmnidnenekranze. maT gmirebs grZnobaTa sixalise, azris siRrme dazneobrivi magaliTis Zala SeswevT. maT SeuZliaT iyvnenTviTkritikulebi, sisusteebic sCveviaT, Tamamad aRiareben,rogorc sxvis, ise sakuTar Secdomebs. samocianelTa filmebimza receptebs ar iZlevian, xSir SemTxvevaSi maTi filmebimravalwertiliT an kiTxvis niSniT mTavrdeba. maTTvis ararsebobs droebiTis monoba, romelic marTalia aqtualurinawarmoebis iluzias qmnis, magram ver aTavisuflebs xelovnebisnawarmoebs drois marwuxebisagan da Zalian male aZvelebskidec mas. kinomcodne irina kuWuxiZe aRniSnavs, qarTulikinos is etapi, romelic igavma da ucnauri, axirebuli kacisWvretam da analizma Seqmna samocdaaTiani wlebis bolosdasrulda. moxda ise, rom igavis formam da axirebuli kacisesTetikam garkveul etapze qarTuli kinos umetesi nawilimoicva, TiTqos erovnuli kinos formad gadaiqca. mismagabatonebam gamoiwvia is, rom am esTetikas usadagebdnen Tavismxatvrul miznebs iseTi kinematogtafistebic, romlisTvisacucxo iyo es samyaro, amgvarma winaaRmdegobam, krizisulimdgomareba Seqmna. ra Tqma unda forma ki ar ganicdis kriziss,aramed situacia, Seqmnili mimbaZvelTa wyalobiT, romlebmacar scades sakuTari gzis monaxva kinematografSi. ekraniwaleka uRimRamo, Wrelma, ugemovno igavebma Tu axirebulmaqarTvelebma.postsabWoTa qarTul kinoSi Seicvala problemaTa sfero,axalma drom axali kiTxvebi dasva. xelovani da gmiri axalrealobaSi cdiloben problemebis gadaWras. gmiris garesamyarosTan totalurma gaucxoebam, faseulobaTa srulidevalvacia gamoiwvia. WeSmaritma xelovnebam nel-nelaauditoria dakarga. gaucxoebuli adamiani yrua xelovnebisnawarmoebis gagebisaTvis, is xelovnebis nacvlad iaffasianantixelovnebas moiTxovs. masebis gemovnebis gaTvaliswinebiTWeSmariti xelovneba meore planze gadadis da adgils uTmobsuniWo, yofaze orientirebul xelovnabas. antiauditoriam –antixelovneba warmoSva. postsabWoTa sazogadoebaSisamwuxarod erTi adamianis grZnobadi samyaro meoresaTvisarafers niSnavs. Znelia amaRlebul, maradiul faseulobebze,maRal zneobaze laparaki. gmirisa da sazogadoebis gaucxoebajer kidev oTxmocian wlebSi daiwyo. samocianelTa TaobamasaSi gmirs veRar xedavs. oTxmocianelTa gmiris uTavboloxetiali, Cafiqrebuli, anemiuri, usicocxlo saxeebi, gulgriloba,TavisTavSi Caketili, sworxazovani, gaucxoebuli gmirebisazogadoebaSi gariyulebi arian. maTi `nonkomformizmi~, rogorckinomcodne giorgi gvaxaria aRniSnavs, oTxmocian wlebSigmirobad aRiqmeboda, magram Zalian male erTgvar modad gadaiqca.gmirebs ver gauazrebiaT risTvis cxovroben, ar esmiT sakuTaridaniSnuleba da avtorebic ar cdiloben ganazogadonSeulamazeblad warmodgenili samyaro, romelSic gmirebsuxdebaT cxovreba. sakuTari Tavis gadaxarSva tipiuri movlenagaxda. sayovelTao indeferentuloba, umizno cxovrebadangreuli, usaxuri garemos fonze xdeba. brtyeli mizanscenebi,xelovnuroba, quCuri Jargoni erTbaSad SemoiWra 90-iani wlebisqarTul kinematografiaSi da momentalurad gaxda droisniSnis matarebeli. postsabWoTa qarTul filmebSi fonsdangreuli, damwvari, erTi did bazrobad qceul Tbilisiwarmoadgens. gmiri sakuTar TavSi aRar iqeqeba, fsiqologiurad34 35

gmiri Tu antigmirinino mxeiZear uRrmavdeba arc sakuTar `me~-s da arc gare samyaros,misTvis ucxoa TviTgvema, xelovani da gmiri samyaros gaemijna.gmirma momavlis imedi dakarga, mxolod TviTmkvlelobis ideiTaris Sepyrobili, realur samyaroSi darCena gmirisaTvisgmirobis tolfasia. Tavis mokvla niSnavs vaRiaroT, romsicocxlem azri dakarga. TviTmkvleloba xom mxolodsocialur problemas ar ukavSirdeba, yofna ar yofnma martofilosofiuri problemac ar aris. sainteresoa ra aris adamianiscxovrebis azris ganmsazRvreli. karCaketili, martosuli gmiriver poulobs adgils cxovrebaSi, daTrgunuli adamiani, rocadums, irgvliv myofT hgoniaT, rom mas saTqmeli ara aqvs,magram sakmarisia man xma amoiRos, daTrgunul mdgomareobasTavi daaRwios, rom is im wamsve meamboxe xdeba. mudmivikompromisebis Semdeg mas unda yvelaferi an araferi, meamboxeadamians poziciis dafiqsirebac SeuZlia, reJimi, romelicindividualur bunts axSobda, meamboxeSi `mxecs~ aRviZebs,aris zRvari, romlis iqiTac ufskrulia. meamboxeebi, romelTacTavad warsulSi surdaT sikvdili, Tavad gaxdnen mkvlelebi(rogorc d. cincaZis filmSi `zRvarze~). gmirebs Sin yofnauWirT, mudmivad gareT garbian. gaurbian ojaxs, axloblebs,sayvarel adamianebs, magram ar imitom, rom sakuTari sulissiRrmeSi Caixedon, amitom maTi gaqceva, xSir SemTxvevaSiwreze gauTavebel trials ufro hgavs. maTTvis, rac SuZlebeliais absurdulia. imedis gareSe darCenili adamiani – momavalsar ekuTvnis, is mudam warsulSi ixedeba da iq CarCenili,awmyoSi TviTmkvlelobiT asrulebs cxovrebas. aucilebeliaxelovanma da gmirma icodes sad midis da Tu rCeba, risTvisrCeba am qveyanaSi. gmiri Tu sakuTar uZlurebas aRiarebs –monaniebis grZnoba uCndeba, maSin is samyarodan gaqcevas, amsamyaroSi darCenas amjobinebs. postsabWoTa qarTul kinoSireJisorebma TiTqos dakarges unari ekranze Seqmnan yofiTigaremo, aCvenon mravalferovani xasiaTebi. samyaro mxolodgmiris garSemo trialebs. sazogadoebasTan sakuTar TavTangaucxoebuli, cxovrebisagan dakninebuli, dabeCavebuli gmirebimayurebelSi interess aRar iwveven.kino ver itans sworxazovnebas, realur cxovrebasTanmaqsimalur miaxlovebas. kino cdilobs Cawvdes xilulisa dauxilavis arsSi. postsabWoTa qarTuli kino poetur umweobasada emociur siRatakes ganicdis. qarTul kinos sWirdeba axaliesTetika, mxolod am SemTxvevaSi gaTavisufldeba kinofsevdogmirebisa da problemebisagan. axlo xedebi, uCveulorakursebi, riTmuli moZraoba, dramatuli, emociuri, plastikurikinematografi qarTul kinos kvlav xelovnebis rangSi aiyvans.ekrani waleka brtyelma mizanscenebma, xelovnurobam,gulwrfeli uSualoba – manerulobaSi gadaizarda,individualisturi bunti gaiazron samyaro – kraxiT damTvarda.xelovani da gmiri cxovrebas unda daubrundes, roca droebiTsgamoedevnebi istoriidan da droidan amovardebi, ikargebaadamianTa Soris kavSirebi, rac adamianisa da misi bunebisistoriul struqturas warmoadgens. postsabWoTa qarTulikino `cxovrebis miRma~ aRmoCnda. gmirma dakarga imis SegrZneba,rom cocxalia, maT sicocxlisadmi gemo dakarges, maT vincsicocxliT tkbobis unari dakarges – Rirebuls veRar qmnian.advili rodia cxovrebas daubrunde, gmiri cocxali undaiyos Tavisi Tavis winaSe, sazogadoebis winaSe. postsabWoTaqarTuli kinos gmirebi aRrCoben fiqrebs, romlebic ver gaiazres,survilebs romlebic ver isurves, grZnobebs, romlebic verganicades. Sesabamisad miviReT pirovnebisa da azrovnebisdegradacia. gmirebma uari Tqves cxovrebaze, brZolaze,qmedebaze. gaucxoebul samyaroSi sakuTari Tavis SenarCunebazear fiqroben. apaTiis mdgomareobidan gmiri ver gamodis, isiniaraferze daoben, aravis TanaugrZnoben, indeferentulebi arian.maT Soris verc siyvaruls, verc siZulvils ver vxedavT.mZafri emociebi maTTvis ucxoa. maT warTmeuli aqvT iniciativada moqmedebis unari. gzaacdenili, gaucxoebuli, gadagvarebuligmirebi Sinapatimrobidan Tvisuflebisaken ar miiswrafvian.gmirma unda igrZnos Tavisi arsebobis aucilebloba – TundacsxvasTan mimarTebaSi, maSin misi cxovreba mizandasaxuli iqneba.kinom daufaravad unda aCvenos adamians sakuTari gadagvareba,Tavzari dasces, SeaSfoTos, SeaZrwunos, sakuTari xedviT daamiT kvlav gaadamianurebis paTosi aRuZras. `xelovnebisnawarmoebi yvelgan da yovelTvis, yoveldRiuri cxovrebisTvasazrisiT, raRac metisa da uCveulos Tqmaa, saqme isaa, rom36 37

gmiri Tu antigmiriyoveldRiuri cxovreba progresuli wyobis pirobebSic aseTu ise ùkan mouxedavi~, inertuli moZraobaa. yoveldRiurobisdoneze adamiani, raRac ZiriTadi sacxovrebo princi pebismixedviT rom moZarobs, amasTan naklebad ixedeba Tavisiadamianuri arsebis siRrmeSi da aqedan ukan, ZiriTadmamoZravebeli sacxovrebo princi pebisaken. igi yovelTvisgavrcelebuli Sexedulebebis mixedviT aniWebs mniSvnelobasda radganac sakuTari adamianuri arsebis siRrmeSi ar ixedeba,am mniSvnelobebs `siRrme~ da `siRrmidan gaSuqeba~ aklia.xolo xelovnebis nawarmoebi swored es `gaSuqebaa~ daamitomac uCveulos Tqmaa~.postsabWoTa qarTul kinoSi gmirma dakarga kontaqtiistoriasTan, warsulTan, tradiciebTan. uZluri, cxovrebiseulmuxts moklebuli gmirebis kinematografi saintereso aRararis. drosa da sivrceSi dakarguli Taobis warmomadgenlebiistorias ver grZnoben, konkretulSi – maradiuls ver xedaven.mediologiaamirejibi n. adamianis gaucxoebis zogierTi aspeqti kinoxelovnebaSi.Tbilisi, Jurnali xelovneba, 2001w. #1-2.gvaxaria g. patara princi kinokameram gaacocxla. gazeTi 7 dRe,1994, #20.gvaxaria g. alegoria aRar gvWirdeba?. Tbilisi, almanaxi kino, 1990,#3.kakabaZe z. filosofiuri saubrebi. Tbilisi, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,1988.kakabaZe z. xelovneba, filosofia, cxovreba. Tbilisi. `xelovneba~,1989. #1.kuWuxiZe i. qarTuli kinos axali tradiciebi. Tbilisi. `sabWoTaxelovneba~, 1989. #1mamardaSvili m. CaxSuli fiqri. Tbilisi. `Celmi~, 1992.migel de unamuno. sulis siRrmeSi. Tbilisi. lomisi, 1994.xose ortega i gaseti. masebis amboxi. Tbilisi. xomli,1993.Андроникова М. От прототипа к образу. М, “Наука”. 1974.Бахтин М. Автор и Герой. Санк- Петербург. “Азбука”.2000.Туровская М. Герой безгероиного времени. М. “Искусство”. 1981.38 39

TinaTin WabukianimontaJis struqturuli SemadgenlobaTavi meoremontaJi, rogorc mxatvruli asaxvis saSualeba(montaJi moZraobaSi)rene kleri wers: `Tuki arsebobs kinoesTetika, maSin isgamoixateba erT sityvaSi _ `moZraoba~, es sagnebis gareganimoZraobaa, is rasac Cven vxedavT, romelsac emateba SinaganimoZraoba~. 1 sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom yvela saxis moZraobakinematografiulia Tundac imitom, rom maTi warmoqmna mxolodkino an videokameras SeuZlia... rodesac scenas moZraobiTviRebT, is ufro metad damajerebelia da sinamdvilesuaxlovdeba, radganac cxovrebaSi adamianis Tvali mudmivadmoZraobaSia, is xan Cerdeba wamierad, mzeras miapyrobs raimes,e. i. afiqsirebs, xan ki aqeT-iqeT ixedeba, aRiqvams yvelas dayvelafers; anu, kinoeniT rom vTqvaT, panoramulad moZraobs.Tanamedrove teqnologia dRiTidRe ixveweba, magram masmainc ara aqvs adamianis TvalTaxedvis Sesabamisi temporitmida areali, Tumca, profesionalebi yovelTvis cdilobenkinokamerisa da video- kameris saSualebiT adamianis mzerismoZraobis traeqtoria gaomeoron. imisaTvis, rom ekranzemoZraobis uwyvetobis iluzia Seiqmnas, saWiroa montaJi, Tumca,arsebobs e. w. Sidakadruli moZraoba, an rogorc mas xSiraduwodeben, Sidakadruli montaJic. Sidakadruli montaJisdros moqmedebebi da siuJetis ganviTarebis fiqsacia uwyvetadmimdinareobs; magaliTad Tuki epizods gadaviRebT kamerisdinamiuri moZraobiT, warmoiSveba iluzia, rom siuJetskvaldakval mivyvebiT. am dros kamera kadrSi mimdinare movlenasxan amsxvilebs, xanac TandaTanobiT saerTomde xsnis, Sesabamisad,scenis bunebriv tempo-ritms cvlis, aCqarebs, an anelebs. aseTdros mayurebels uCndeba SegrZneba, rom is yvelafers xedavsrealur sivrcesa da realur droSi.a. tarkovskis yovelTvis xiblavda Sidakadruli montaJi,igi werda: `me msurda drois dinebas erT kadrSi earseba, racSeexeba montaJur gadasvlas, vfiqrob, rom maTi funqcia araris arc drois monakveTis arCeva da arc dramaturgiisorganizacia, Cemi azriT, maT mxolod moqmedebebis gagrZelebaunda aRniSnon _ ufro zustad, me films erTi kadriTgadaviRebdi~. 2 rasakvirvelia, Sidakadruli montaJiT moZraobisgadaReba SesaZlebelia, ufro metic, aseTi xerxiT xandaxanZalian grZeli panoramebia gadaRebuli, da Tu isini zustadgamoxatavs ganwyobilebas, emocias, maSin mayurebeli masZaldautaneblad aRiqvams da aranairi diskomforti ar eqmneba.magaliTisTvis studentebs gavaxseneb 2007 wlis 7 noembrismitingis daSlas. erT-erTma telekompaniam Zalian sainteresodgadmosca `mitingis darbevis~ sakvanZo momenti. kamera iRebdaqveda wertilidan, kadrSi Canda fexebi, Semdeg kadri gaixsnasaerTomde da gamoCnda uamravi adamianis fexi, romlebmackadrSi Seqmnes foriaqi... kadrs gareT gaisma lideris xma, ismomitingeebs gaerTianebisken mouwodebda, kameram neli moZraobadaiwyo vertikalurad zeviT, momitingeebs Soris gaZvra, moZebnalideri l. gaCeCilaZe da TandaTan miuaxlovda mas... amasdaerTo xalxis SeZaxilebi da taSis griali... kameramaqsimalurad zeviT aiwia da axla zeda wertilidan erTmuStad Sekruli momitingeebi da mTavrobis saxlis mimdebareteritoria davinaxeT... uecrad, kamera mkveTri moZraobiTSetrialda rusTavelis Teatris mimarTulebiT, momitingeTasaxeebs gadauara, kameris swrafi moZraobisgan adamianTa saxeebiimpresionistur naxatebs daemsgavsa... rodesac kamera wamieradSeyovnda, kadrSi dafiqsirda specrazmelis niRbiani saxe, Semdegkadri elvis siswrafiT saerTo xedamde gaixsna da kamerisakenSavebSi Cacmuli, xelketebiT SeiaraRebuli uzarmazarispecrazmelebis armia modioda...es iyo Sidakadruli montaJiT agebuli kadri (grZelipanorama), romelsac saocari emociuri datvirTva hqonda,amas aZlierebda is faqtic, rom es iyo pirdapiri eTeri... mevfiqrob, spec-razmelebisa da momitingeebis dapirispirebisada Sejaxebis am xerxiT Cveneba Zalian STambeWdavi dagamarTlebuli iyo da ara mgonia Cveulebrivi montaJiT igiveefeqtisTvis mogveRwia. am xerxTan dakavSirebiT minda gavixsenom. romi, romelic sainteresod ganixilavs amerikul films`dasavleTis frontze cvlilebebi ar momxdara~. es filmi40 41

montaJis struqturuli SemadgenlobaTinaTin WabukianiSidakadruli montaJiT, uwyveti panoramiT aris agebuli. aqnaCvenebia germanel jariskacebze amerikeli jariskacebisTavdasxma. filmSi kinokamera swrafad moZraobdagermanelTAsangrebis gaswvriv, kadrSi Semorbodnen jariskacebi,romlebic sangrebisaken mirbodnen, magram gaielvebstyviamfrqvevis msrolelis zurgi da Cvens Tvalwin daWriligermaneli TxrilSi ecema. Semdeg meore jariskaci Semorbis,mesame, meoTxe, mexuTe da ase usasrulod grZeldeba tyviiszuzuni da sangrebTan misuli germanelebi Tavisi xeliTgaTxril sangrebSi samudamod eSvebian.rasakvirvelia, SeiZleboda cal-calke gadaeRoT TiToeulikadri: sangarTan mirbena, tyviis srola, daWra, sikvdili, TxrilSiCavardna, magram, cxadia, maSin es epizodi aseTi efeqturinamdvilad ar iqneboda _ askvnis m. romi da wers: àm SemTxvevaSidinamika miRweulia uwyveti moZraobiT, Cvens Tvalwin TiTqosdasikvdilis rokva TamaSdeba, am epizodis arsi da amocanaa,aCveno moqmedeba erT adgilas da erT wuTSi~. 3Sidakadruli montaJi satelevizio ekranis gamomsaxvelobiserT-erTi wamyvani formaa. am xerxiT gadaRebisas kamera TavisimoZraobiT TiTqosda xazs usvams moqmedebis uwyvetobas da,amavdroulad, èxmareba~ mayurebels sanaxaobaTa uwyvet nakadSiCaavlos movlenis arss. Sidakadruli montaJi pirobiTad ortipad SeiZleba daiyos. pirveli, rodesac kamera dgas uZravadda vcvliT xedebis masStabebs, transfokatoris saSualebiT;e. i. kamera TandaTan uaxlovdeba gmirs saerTo xedidan axloxedamde, an piriqiT, kadrSi gmiri axlo xedzea, Semdeg kiTandaTan vSordebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi unda aigos siRrmiseulimizanscenebi. meore, rodesac kameriT viRebT moZraobas da saerTosivrcidan gamovyofT ama Tu im moqmedebis mniSvnelovan fragments.aqve minda aRvniSno Sidakadruli montaJis erT-erTi saxe,e. w. panoramuli Soki. igi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rocagvsurs drois msvleloba da dramatizmi gavamZafroT. panorama-Soki aucileblad unda daiwyos statiuri kadriT, Semdeg kiman iseTi siswrafiT unda imoZraos, rom mTeli gamosaxulebagaerTiandes, gadaidRabnos SuqCrdilTa nakadSi da isev statiurikadriT dasruldes. magaliTad, kadrSi saerTo xedze, derefanSi,wynarad moi pareba personaJi, TandaTan vuaxlovdebiT mis saxes.kadrs gareT ismis viRacis xma; kamera Setrialdeba xmisken,Tanac iseTi siswrafiT, rom kadri gadaidRabneba, Semdeg SeCerdebada axla kadridan sul sxva personaJi Semogvcqeris. panorama-Soks ufro xSirad saTavgadasavlo da saSinelebaTa filmebSiiyeneben.Sidakadruli montaJisas aucilebeleblad unda iyos iseTixedebi, romlebic sayrden wertilebs warmoadgenen. magaliTad,gaCereba personaJis saxeze, an sagansa Tu romelime detalze.aseTi wamieri Seyovneba, pauza, gangaSis, dainteresebis SegrZnebasiwvevs. kameris moZraobis siswrafe ki, cxadia, damokidebuliadramaturgiul amocanebze, formis struqturaze da kadrisSuq-tonalur naxatze. garda amisa, sayrden wertilebs SeuZliaSecvalos moZraobis mimarTuleba da, kidev ufro metic, maTimeSveobiT SesaZlebelia erTi kadridan meore kadrze gadavideT.aqve studentebis yuradRebas kidev erTxel mivapyrobsaekrano enis mTavar maxasiaTebelze _ moZraobaze, vinaidanswored montaJis saSualebiT iqmneba ekranze drois uwyvetobisiluzia. moZraoba aris kadris gamomsaxvelobis organulinawili, misi sawyisi Cadebuli unda iyos mxatvruli nawarmoebisdramaturgiaSi, igi pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli siuJetisganviTarebasTan, kadris kompoziciis agebasTan, personaJebismxtvruli saxis SeqmnasTan. magram sanam studentebs uSualodmontaJur gadasvlebze vesaubrebi, unda Sevaxseno, rom TiToeulkadrSi daculi unda iyos tempo-ritmi, radganac xan moZraobskamera, xan _ msaxiobi, xan ki _ sagani an obieqti.Tanamedrove mayurebeli iTxovs mravalferovangamosaxulebaTa rigs, amitomac yvelaze gavrcelebuli formapolifoniuri struqturaa, sadac zemoT CamoTvlili yvelaxerxi iyris Tavs da TiTeuli maTgani Tvis funqcias zustadasrulebs; Tanac, nawarmoebis saerTo qsovilSi organuladaris Serwymuli.montaJur-gamomsaxvelobiTi polifoniuri konstruqciiTrom sasurvel Sedegs mivaRwioT, montaJamde uamravi ram undagaviTvaliswinoT. ramdenime maTganis Sexseneba momavalreJisorebs namdvilad ar awyenda. unda vicodeT, rom kadrSimayureblis yuradRebas yovelTvis i pyrobs: 1. moZravigamosaxuleba, msaxiobi an sagani; 2. kadrSi vertikaluri42 43

montaJis struqturuli SemadgenlobaTinaTin WabukianimoZraoba, horizontalurTan SedarebiT, ufro SesamCnevia daefeqturic, Tanac, efro swrafic gveCveneba; 3. kadrSi yvelanairimoZraoba, romelic diagonalze mimdinareobs, ufro dinamiuradaRiqmeba; 4. kadris marjvena mxares mimdinare moZraoba ufrokargad aRiqmeba, vidre kadris marcxena mxares mimdinaremoZraoba; 5. kadrSi Tanabari siCqariT mimdinare uwyveti moZraobamonotonurobis SegrZnebas qmnis, am dros mayureblis yuradRebadundeba, magram Tuki uecrad SevwyvetT moZraobas an SevcvliTmoZraobis mimarTulebas, mayurebeli am cvlilebas bevradufro mwvaved aRiqvams; ase rom, am xerxiT, garkveulwilad,aqcentebi keTdeba; 6. Tanmxvedri moZraobebi kadrSi ufrodinamiurad aRiqmeba, vidre urTierTsawinaaRmdego moZraobebi;7. kadrSi obieqtTan miaxloeba ufro STambeWdavia, vidreobieqtTan ganSoreba (kadris saerTomde gaxsna); 8. rodesackadrSi msaxiobi midis uZravad myof msaxiobTan an obieqtTan,ufro met yuradRebas imsaxurebs.yvela zemoT CamoTvlili xerxis gaTvaliswinebaaucilebelia, raTa SevinarCunoT moZraobis swori mimarTuleba.es aucilebelia imisTvisac, rom Semdgom ar gagviWirdes sworimontaJuri gadasvlebi.montaJis formebi mravalferovania. Teatris, televiziisada kinos mkvlevari k. inasariZe, Tavis wignSi `telemetyveleba~,dawvrilebiT aRwers TiToeul maTgans. igi wers: `montaJismamad unda CaiTvalos d. grifiti... montaJis upirvelesifunqciaa azri mieces TiTeul kadrs, magram aqve undagaviTvaliswinoT, rom winamdebare da momdevno kadrebiserTobliobiT iqmneba sasurveli azri. arsebobs kadrTadakavSirebis sayovelTaod miRebuli xerxebi: paraleluri,TxrobiTi, asociaciuri, polifoniuri, jvaredini, Cqari anuimpresionisturi, metruli, ritmuli, Sokuri, geografiuli,atraqcionis, alegoriuli, CaWrili, kontrastuli da a. S.~ 4dResdReobiT, saekrano xelovnebaSi yvelaze gavrcelebuliformebia: TxrobiTi, e. w. sworxazovani montaJi, paralelurimontaJi da asociaciuri montaJi; me swored maTze SevaCerebyuradRebas.TxrobiTi montaJisas aucilebelia davicvaT moqmedebisTanmimdevroba. am SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva saxis xedebi mizez-Sedegobrivad aris dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan, rogorc orijaWvis rgoli. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom am xerxiT uamravikinofilmi da tele-proeqti mzaddeba. paraleluri montaJiki SeiZleba ewodos iseT montaJs, rodesac movlenebi(moqmedebebi) paralelurad mimdinareobs. am xerxiTSesaZlebelia drois gaWianureba, an aCqareba, konfliqtis daZabva,moqmedebis koncentrireba. paraleluri montaJi, aseve,SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT tempo-ritmis SecvlisTvis, epizodisan mTeli scenis mxatvruli gadawyvetisTvis.magaliTisTvis ganvixilav d. grifitis films `xorbliskuTxes~. filmSi erT epizodSi naCvenebia safunTuSe, sadacTavmoyrilia siRaribisgan daCaCanakebuli xalxi. maT saxeebzeaweria saSineli sevda da sasowarkveTa. momdevno kadrSi kinaCvenebia mdidari, gazuluqebuli, Zvirfas samosSi gamowyobilimagnati. am SemTxvevaSi, paraleluri montaJis xerxiT naCvenebiada xazgasmulia am or socialur fenas Soris gaCeniliufskruli. aqcentebi keTdeba kontrastiT da SedarebiT.Semdeg ganvixilav f. kopolas films àpokalifsi axla~,sadac naCvenebia sazareli mkvleloba. am scenas filmSienacvleba kameCebis dakvlis rituali. am SemTxvevaSi,erTdroulad ori elementi iCens Tavs: kontrasti daTanadrouloba. aq paraleluri montaJis wyalobiT aRmatebuladCans analogia or sazarel mkvlelobas Soris, rac xazsusvams adamianis daundoblobasa da gamxecebas. am ori magaliTisganxilvis Semdeg, bunebrivia, studentebi TviTon gaixsenebenkinoSedevrebs, sadac paraleluri montaJis wyalobiT uamravisaintereso epizodeba gadaRebuli.paraleluri montaJis Semdeg ganvixilav asociaciurmontaJs. am xerxis gamoyenebisas kadrebs Soris pirobiTikavSirebia. asociaciuri montaJi yvelaze xSirad klipebSigamoiyeneba. sityva “CLIP” pirdapiri TargmaniT moWeras, Sekvras,specifikur montaJs warmoadgens. masze muSaobisas gamoiyenebakolaJis meTodi. kolaJi saxviT xelovnebaSi niSnavs erTimTlianobis Seqmnas sxvadasxva masaliT. saekrano xelovnebaSiki kolaJs ufro meti saSualebebi da azrobrivi datvirTvaaqvs. am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia gaerTiandes yvelaferi, racdedamiwaze realurad arsebobs da rac SesaZlebelia adamianis44 45

montaJis struqturuli SemadgenlobaTinaTin Wabukianifantaziam mxatvrul saxed aqcios, mxedvelobaSi maqvsTanamedrove kompiuteruli grafikis saSualebebi, romelicbunebaSi ararsebuli formebis Seqmnisa da maTi ekranidanaRqmis saSualebas iZleva. aseT SemTxvevaSi saWiroa sivrculikavSirebis moZebna, sivrcis sul sxvanairi organizacia dasiuJetis siRrmiseuli gaazreba. Tu yvelaferi ar iqnebaga Tv a l i s wi ne b u l i , m a S i n nov a tor obis a daultraTanamedroveobis saxeliT iqmneba ubadruki produqcia.amasTan dakavSirebiT maxsendeba frangi mxatvris a. matisismosazreba: `rac ar unda kargad daalago saRebavebi erTmaneTisgverdiT, arafers niSnavs, radgan mTavaria isini erTmaneTzekargad moqmedebdnen, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, kakafonia iqmneba~. 5asociaciuri montaJi gansakuTrebiT xSirad musikalurkli pebSi gamoiyeneba. arsebobs mosazreba, rom musikaluriklipi avtoris mier siuJetis Tavisufali interpretaciisSedegia, sadac SesaZlebelia, rom gamosaxuleba xmasTan sinTezSi,kontrapunqtebze aigos. musikaluri kli pebi, ZiriTadad,ilustraciuli xasiaTiisaa, an asociaciuri kavSirebiTaaagebuli. rasakvirvelia, asociaciuri montaJiT agebuli klipebiufro siRrmiseulia da ufro naTlad gamoxatavs musikisarss. aseT SemTxvevaSi xSirad aris gamoyenebuli moulodneligadasvlebi, ucnauri tempo-ritmi, romelic xandaxanSesaZlebelia SinaarsTan konfliqtSi movides, magram aq yvelazemTavari kadrebis dinamiuri monacvleobaa, radganac musikalurklipSi yvelaferi agebulia ritmul konstruqciaze.Tavis saxelmZRvaneloSi `satelevizio reportaJi~ p.steinli wers: “MTV”-is musikaluri klipebi isea gadaRebuli,rom mayurebels erTi naxviT aucileblad gauWirdeba misiaRqma. amitomac man erTi da igive klips ramdenimejerme undauyuros da yoveli naxvis Semdeg is axal-axal detalebsaRmoaCens... gaxsovdeT, rom kli pebSi upirvelesi mizanidramatiuli da emociuri muxtis Seqmnaa...~ 6aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom klipebSi, romelickolaJuri bunebisaa, asociaciuri montaJis xerxi idealuradSeiZleba rom gamoiyeno da, rac mTavaria, igi Semoqmedis niWisada fantaziis maqsimalurad gamomJRavnebis saSualebas iZleva.am Temis ganxilvis Semdeg isev vubrundebi `moZraobas~ damasTan dakavSirebul problemebs. imisaTvis, rom saekranonawarmoebSi SevinarCunoT moZraobis mimarTuleba, saWiroa zusti,mdore gadasvlebi. arsebobs praqtikiT SeZenili codna, romlisgaTvaliswinebac uzrunvelyofs swor montaJs. studentebsSevaxseneb: 1. Tu gvinda, rom gaCndes iseTi gancda, rom msaxiobiCvensken modis, maSin moZravi obieqti gadaRebisas kamerisobieqtisken unda wamovides; Sesabamisad Tu gvsurs kadrSiCandes, rom msaxiobi TiTqos Cvengan midis, maSin gadaRebisasobieqti kameridan unda wavides mizanscenis siRrmisken; 2. TukadrSi saerTo xedze naCvenebia raRac moqmedeba an Jesti,momdevno kadrSi aucilebelia vaCvenoT dawyebuli moqmedebisgagrZeleba saSualo xedze; 3. Tu saerTo xedze obieqtimoZraobs profilSi, Semdeg kadrSi man moZraoba undagaagrZelos ¾-Si. 4. ar SeiZleba montaJuri gadasvla maSin,rodesac ori saerTo xedia da Tanac iq moZraobs obieqtiprofilSi an ¾-Si, radgan aseTi gadasvla aRiqmeba naxtomad;5. Tu kadrSi icvleba obieqtis moZraobis mimarTuleba,aucilebelia, rom vaCvenoT misi Semotrialeba kadrSi, an orTanmimdevrul kadrs Soris unda CavsvaT neitraluri,gadasasvleli xedi; 6. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba undamivaqcioT `moZraobis~ mimarTulebisas sivrcis koordinaciissizustes. magaliTad, ori personaJis dialogi da mzera undagadaviRoT e. w. `rvianiT~. am dros, rasakvirvelia, iqmnebailuzia, rom personaJebi gverdigverd dganan, Tumca, sinamdvileSierT-erTi maTgani kadrs gareT dgas; 7. Tu kadrSi personaJi`gamodis~ kadris marjvena mxridan, maSin is Semdeg kadrSiisev marjvena mxridan unda Semovides, magram Tu personaJikadrSi Semosvlisas Semotrialdeba, SesaZlebelia aRardavicvaT `Semosvlis~ sizuste; 8. Tu kadrSi figurebigadaadgildebian diagonalze, maSin Cven vxedavT maTi moZraobismimarTulebas, magram, rodesac kadrSi figurebi profilSigadaadgildebian, maSin Cven aRviqvamT mxolod moZraobis temps;9. Tu Cven gadaviRebT obieqts, romelic kadris wina xedzegadairbens, xolo kadris meore xedze statiuri elementebia,mayureblisTvis Cndeba optikuris dinamikis SegrZnebebi, magramTuki moZrav obieqts gadaviRebT moZravi kameriT, rasakvirveliadinamikis SegrZnebebi gaZlierdeba, mxolod erTi pirobiT, obieqtisa46 47

montaJis struqturuli Semadgenlobada kameris moZraoba erTi mimarTulebiT ar unda iyos.dasasruls, studentebs kidev erTxel Sevaxseneb, rommoZraobis iluziis Seqmnis erT-erTi aucilebeli pirobaasaerTo naxatis temporitmis Seqmna da SenarCuneba. tempiaris kadrSi obieqtis gadaadgilebis xiluli siCqare, xoloritmi ki elementebis monacvleobiT Seqmnili SegrZnebebi.ritmuli montaJi SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes erTnairimonakveTebis monacvleobiT. aseve SesaZlebelia, rom ritmulimontaJi aigos Segnebulad damoklebuli, an gagrZelebulimonakveTebis monacvleobiT. ritmi SesaZlebelia iyosSenelebuli, daZabuli, an piriqiT, aCqarebuli.ritmi gamoixateba msaxiobis fizikuri moqmedebiT, romelicscenariT aris gaTvaliswinebuli. xandaxan epizodis garegnuliritmi ewinaaRmdegeba epizodSi mimdinare Sinagan ritms... esufro xSirad xdeba eqstremalur situaciebSi. magaliTad,personaJma telefoniT Seityo Zmis daRupvis ambavi. is adgilzegaSeSda da nel-nela kidebs yurmils, Semdeg gadaawyobs magidazedayril furclebs da isev telefons mokidebs xels, akrefsnomers, magram gadaifiqrebs da isev dakidebs yurmils... aseTSemTxvevebSi konfliqti aigeba kontrastze, Sinagan da garegantempo-ritmze.tempo-ritmis xasiaTi ganisazRvreba ara mxolod samontaJomonakveTebis raodenobiT da sigrZiT, aramed scenarisdramaturgiiT, dialogis xasiaTiT, msaxiobebis TamaSiT damusikis an xmaurebis SerCeviT. unda gvaxsovdes, romSesaZlebelia erT kadrSi ramdenime mimarTulebis `moZraoba~iyos, aseT SemTxvevaSi reJisoris amocanaa gamoyos maTganmTavari, Sidakadruli moZraoba, raTa Semdgom montaJuradgadavides momdevno kadrze ise, rom mTavarma `moZraobam~,SeZlos ganviTareba da `moZraobis~ swori mimarTulebisSenarCuneba.kulturis menejmenti1.Р. Клери. «Размышления о киноискусства», М., 1958. ст. 82 .2. М. Туровская. «7 или фильми Андрея Тарковского», М ., 1991,«Искусство», ст. 141.3. М Ромм. «Беседы о кино», Из. « Искусство», М., 1964. ст. 144.4. k. inasariZe. `telemetyveleba~, miunheni, 2000. gv. 94-102.5. М. Зубовой. «Графика Матисса», М. Искусство, 1977 . ст. 40 .6. p. steinli. `satelevizio reportaJi~, interniusi, 2001, gv.42.48 49

efeqturi xedvis Seqmnaiuri mRebriSvilixedvis Seqmna – urTulesi amocanaa jgufisTvis anorganizaciisTvis. xedvaSi igulisxmeba ara ubralod ramdenimegancalkevebuli winadadeba, aramed organizaciis momavalimdgomareobis sruli aRwera. es aris resursebi, procesebi,struqturebi, teqnologiebi, Tanamdebobrivi movaleobebi dagaremocva.organizaciaSi realuri da efeqturi xedvis SeqmnisTvisaucilebelia gaTvaliswinebul iqnas Semdegi.1. pirveli rCeva – saguldagulod gaanawileTvaldebulebebi gundSi. efeqturi koncefciebi iqmneba, rodesacsworad SerCeuli adamianebi gaerTianebulebi arian pozitiuradmoazrovne da energiul jgufSi.gundi unda Sedgebodes: individuumebisgan, romlebsac esmiT Tanamedrove biznesi; gundis miRma myofi admianebisgan, romlebic obieqturadafaseben Tqvens organizacias da mis Sedegebs (ar arisaucilebeli maT icodnen organizaciaSi arsebuli procesebi); ramodenime specialistisgan, romlebic uSualodmuSaoben klientebTan; klientebisgan da momwodeblebisgan; xelmZRvanelobis warmomadgenlebisa da mowinavekadrebisgan.jgufisTvis mTavaria muSaobaSi Sewyoba.monawileebi unda SeirCes Semdegi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT: koleqtivSi muSaobis unari; gaxsniloba da optimizmi; koleqtivisadmi pativiscema.2. Semdegi rCeva mdgomareobs moculobis da proeqtismiznebis mkafiod gansazRvraSi. efeqturi xedva Cndeba maSin,rodesac dasaxulia miznebi, zustad aris gansazRvruli dagasagebi samuSaos moculoba. xSirad gundi qmnis gadametebulxedvas, romelic ar Seesabameba asebul amocanebs da aqedangamomdinare, ver iqneba realizebuli. miznebis da qmedebebismoculobis gaazreba warmarTavs da koncentrirebas ukeTebsgundis Zalisxmevas, romelic mimarTulia ganxorcielebadixedvis SeqmnisTvis.aucilebelia naTlad ganisazRvros sazRvrebi `procesis~perspeqtividan gamomdinare, mieTiTos sad iwyeba is da sadmTavrdeba, aRiniSnos ra Sedis da ra ar Sedis proeqtSi,CamoiTvalos ra organizaciebi da sistemebi iReben masSimonawileobas. unda mivaqcioT yuradReba imas, rom proeqtiar `gaiberos~, imitom rom proeqtis msvlelobis dros gundsaqvs tendencia Tavis Tavze aiRos ufro meti da meti.moculobis zustad gansazRvris Semdeg aucilebeliaaRiniSnos proeqtis miznebi da aRweril iqnas rogorgakontroldeba winsvla yoveli miznisken da rogor iqnebadadgenili proeqtis damTavreba.3. imisTvis, rom Seiqmnas efeqturi xedva gunds esaWiroebaRrma codna. man kargad unda icodes biznesis, klientebis,partniorebis da saukeTeso muSaobis meTodebs Sesaxeb.mkacr vadebSi Catevis mcdelobisas gundi xSiradyuradRebas ar aqcevs swavlas da upiretesobas aniWebsarsebuli codnis maragiT muSaobas. xSiria gonebrivi ieriSisCatarebis cduneba, gadawyvetilebis operatiulad povna damisi realizaciis dawyeba.gonebrivi ieriSi ar iZleva genialur xedvas. konceptualurigarRveva – es aris im sazRvrebidan gasvlis Sedegi, rac Cvenara marto viciT aramed, rac Cven ar viciT, rom ar viciT. esaris aRmoCenebis Sejameba, romelic gakeTda mrwamsis daganwyobis sazRvris miRma, arsebuli informaciis sazRvrismiRma. aucilebelia arsebuli realobis ngreva da miRebuli50 51

efeqturi xedvis Seqmnanormebis darRveva. gacilebiT didi sargebelia im sferoSirac ar viciT, vidre imaSi, rac viciT.imisTvis, rom gamovideT am did sivrceSi, saWiroaerTdroulad fiqric da swavlac. saWiroa vecadoT sruliadgavugoT klientebs, partniorebs, teqnologiebs. unda movusminoTklientebs, vesaubroT maT, warmovidginoT maTi momavalimizanmimarTuleba. movusminoT partniorebs. ras eubnebian maTklientebi? rogoria maTi moTxovnebi da survilebi? rawimaaRmdegobebi xvdebaT maT warmatebis gzaze yoveldRiurad?kargad unda iqnas Seswavlili konkurentebis daarakonkurentebis gegmebi SedarebiTi testirebis saSualebiT,momavali teqnol;ogiebi, tendenciebi da SesaZleblobebi.teqnologiebs SeuZliaT SesaZlebeli gaxadon is, rac Tavidanfantastikis sferodan gveCveneba.gonebrivi ieriSis procesSi aucilebelia SemoqmedebiTiazrovnebis fundamentis Seqmna. fundamenti yalibdebakoleqtivSi erToblivi swavlis Sedegad.4. erT-erTi arsebiTi momenti efeqturi xedvis warmoqmnisdros aris momavalSi nabijis gadadgmis unari da Semdeg ukanmoxedva da ara mxolod win cqera awmyodan. mowydiT awmyos.es procesia, rodesac liderebi gardaqmnian Tavis Tavs daTavis organizaciis kulturas. amis mizezia awmyosganprinci pialurad gansxvavebuli momavlisaken SemoqmedebiTiswrafva. liderebi xedaven organizaciis momavals da esxedva dafuZnebulia warmodgenebze, romlebis angreven arsebulisaorganizacio kulturis realobas.Cveni bunebrivi mdgomareoba cxovrebaSi – Tanmimdevruliwinsvlaa drevandeli dRidan xvalisken. magram es mdgomareobaaris winaaRmdegoba gonebrivi rRvevisken, Zalian Rrma codnisdrosac ki. Cven xSirad imdenad vixlarTebiT procesebSi,iuri mRebriSvilisistemebSi da kulturebSi, vixlarTebiT awmyoSi, rom gviWirsorganizaciisTvis axali koncefciis Seqmna.unda gadavideT momavalSi. es magiuri aqti xorcieldebawarmosaxvaSi. warmoidgineT es momavali, da Semdeg aRwereTnanaxi. ukan moixedeT. mowydiT awmyos da mixvdebiT rawinaaRmdegobebi unda gadalaxoT, rom moxvdeT iq, rac TqvenwarmosaxvaSi naxeT. warmoidgineT, rom Tqven ukve imyofebiTmomavalSi da ixsenebT ras da rogor akeTebdiT warmatebismisaRwevad. saidumlo imaSia, rom roca startidan win viyurebiTvxedavT yvela variants da ver vxvdebiT rogor gavakeToTarCevani. momavlidan roca viyurebiT gacilebiT ioliaganvsazRvroT ukana gza awmyosken – SesaZlebelia iyos araerTi, magram realuri gza Tavisi winaaRmdegobebiT, romelisukve gadalaxilia.5. efeqturi xedva efuZneba principebs. principebi – eswesia an rwmenaa, romlebic miiReba gamocdilebiT da mivyavarTmiznisken.gundi xSirad warmoidgens Tavis xedvas, rogorc axalprocess, sistemas an saorganizacio kulturas. gadawyvetilebebi,procesebi da sistemebi danergvis dros xSirad icvleba, raciwvevs gundis wevrebis ukmayofilebas. xandaxan es uimedodclis da arRvevs sawyiss koncefcias. ufro metad gulsatkeniagundisTvis, rodesac sawyisi mizani ikargeba realizaciisprocesSi.principebi sqemebis, procesebis da sistemuri arqiteqturismiRmaa. isini asaxaven ZiriTad faseulobebs da rwmenas, romelTaciyenebs gundi, Tundac qvecnobierad, axali xedvis Sesaqmnelad.ZiriTadi Secdomaa – rodesac miznis formulirebis dros amprincipebs iviwyeben. gundebis umravlesoba ara marto aruxsnian Tavis principebs gundis miRma myof admianebs, aramedgundSic ki ar SeuZliaT am princi pebis naTlad gamoxatva daSeTanxmeba. aqedan gamomdinare, procesebis damuSaveba,52 53

efeqturi xedvis Seqmnasaorganizacio struqturebi da sxva samomavlo mdgomareobiskomponentebi moklebulia sxva safuZvels da amitom xanmoklea.musikaTmcodneobasanam detalebSi davamuSavebT axal procesebs, sistemebsda struqturebs aucilebelia isini davukavSiroTfundamentalur da xangZliv principebs. gamoiyeneT principebirogorc kompasi. waiyvaneT gundi proeqtis gansaxorcielebladxedvis saSualebiT, romelic dafuZnebulia princi pebze. aseTkoncefcias SeuZlia gadaitanos realizaciis mRelvare fazada gaxdes safuZveli momavali diskusiebisTvis dagadawyvetilebebisTvis.54 55

nodar andRulaZeJana ToiZegamoCenili qarTveli momRerali, dramatuli tenori,saqarTvelos saxalxo artisti, profesori nodar andRulaZe50 welia moRvaweobs saSemsruleblo asparezze. Sesrulebuliaqvs 30 saopero partia-roli da mdidari kameruli repertuari.nodar andRulaZe dajildoebulia unikaluri xmis tembriT,siZlieriT. dramatuli tenori gamoirCeva mdidari obertonebiT,ukiduresad maRal registrSi maRali sasimRero `formantas~SenarCunebiT, rasac vokalistebi `foladiseburs~ uwodeben _«Метал в голосе». nodar andRulaZis `bgeris~ tembralurTvisebebSi aseve Sedis ìnstrumentaluri~ JReradoba, racumTavresad evropeli _ iseTi maRali rangis momRerlebisaTvisaadamaxasiaTebeli, rogorebic arian pertile, karuzo, karerasi dasxv.n. andRulaZem ganaxorciela yvela wamyvani tenorisdramatuli partia, rac idgmeboda momRerlis moRvaweobis dros.momRerlis maRalma erudiciam, ucxo enebis da samsaxioboostatobis flobam ganapiroba is, rom momRerali-msaxiobisganviTarebis urTulesi vokalur-teqnikuri da saSemsrulebloprocesi msmenelTaTvis advilad aRsaqmeli gaxda. dauviwyariamomRerlis mier Seqmnili sruliad gansxvavebuli iseTi partiebi,rogoricaa otelo, monriko, radamisi, verdis otelo, trubaduri,aida, turidu (maskanis opera `soflis patiosneba~).aRsaniSnavia, rom rusuli klasikis Sesrulebis dros didiqarTveli momRerlis `bgeris~ JReradoba, intonaciuri palitrarusuli musikisa da enis specifikurobidan gamomdinare icvleba.n. andRulaZem e. w. `Saliapinis~ qmediTi sityvis SenarCunebiTbrwyinvale saxe Seqmna germanis partiaSi (Caikovskis op. `pikisqali~). momRerali msaxiobi gansakuTrebuli samsaxioboxerxebiT plastikiT, `qmediTi sityvis~ gamoyenebiT ZerwavsTavad musikis saxes (musorgskis op. `boris godunovi~).1959 wels n. andRulaZem pirvelma saqarTveloSi qarTvelmomRerlebTan saopero TeatrebSi daafuZna operis originalSiSesruleba _ italiur, frangul, germanul enebze, rac manamderusul enaze sruldeboda.metad STambeWdavia Tbilisis saopero scenaze n. andRulaZismier Seqmnili herodes groteskuli partia_roli (r. Strausisopera `salomea~).momRerali, rogorc samsaxiobo, aseve volalur-tqniukriTvalsazrisiT intonaviurad da emociurad uaRresaddatvirTul urTeles reCitativebs maRali ostatobiT asrulebsgermanuli musikis da enis specifikurobis gaTvaliswinebiT.sruliad kontrastul msubuqi `bgeris~ JReradobas iZensmomRerali-msaxiobis xmis palitra eleganturi hercogis saxisSeqmnisas (verdis opera `rigoleto~) momRerals xels uwyobsSesaniSnavi scenuri garegnoba, plastika, artistizmi, rac asevegamovlinda n. andRulaZis mier loengrinis partiisSesrulebisas (vagneris opera `loengrini~)kontrsasuli `rembrandtis~ musikaluri qargis ferebiTn. andRulaZe qmnis sruliad axleburi interpretaciiT,plastikiT, kaSkaSa brwyinvale bgerebiT gamdidrebul donxozes partias (bizes op. `karmeni~), sadac momRerali msaxiobikvlav mimarTavs kontrastul meTods, misi gmiri lirizmiT datragizmioT aRsavsea, rasac momRerali aRwevs kvlav `qmediTi~sityviT, `qmediTi~ simReriT, maRali vokalur-teqnikuriniuansebiT, ukiduresad maRal registrSi urTulesi`filirebiT~.kanios partiis Sesrulebisas metad gamovlinda momRerlissuliereba, rasac moiTxovs leonkavalos op. jambazebi.gansakuTrebuli lingvisturi codna qarTul enaSimomReralma _ filologma qarTuli operebis Sesrulebisasgamoavlina. gansxvavebulia momRerlis `bgeris JReradobac~_ Seqmna abesalomis lirikuli da amavdroulad tragikulisaxe z. faliaSvilis operaSi àbesalom da eTeri~, n. andRulaZemqarTuli intonaciiT ganasaxiera agreTve melizmebiTgamdidrebuli, maRal registrSi JReradi malxazis lirizmiTaRsavse partia z. faliaSvilis lirikul-dramarul operaSi`daisi~. aRsaniSnavia, rom momRerlis `bgeris~ JReradobaTanamedrove uaxlesi musikis Sesrulebisas iZens JReradobisgansxvavebul elfers maRal tesituraSi, rasac moiTxovs axali56 57

nodar andRulaZeJana ToiZemusikaluri leqsika. amavdroulad axali musikis Sesrulebisasibadeba bgeris axali Stixebi, axali warmarTvis xerxebi, axaliartikulacia.qarTuli Tanamedrove repertuaridan n. andRulaZem mindias,arzayanis partiebis (o. TaqTaqiSvilis op. `mindia~, `mTvarismotaceba~) Sesrulebisas gaamZafra `qmediTi sityva~, mWeqare,maRali registris JReradoba _ ganmsWvaluli qarTulisulierebiT, temperamentiT. aseTivea n. andRulaZis mierSesrulebuli tarielis partia-roli (mSveliZis opera àmbavitarielisa~).n. andRulaZes agreTve didi Rvawli miuZRvis kamerulivokaluri musikis ganviTarebaSi. dauviwyaria solo koncertebzemomRerlis mier Sesrulebuli Sesrulebuli urTulesivokaluri ciklebi.didi qarTveli momRerlis rogorc saopero, sakoncertomoRvaweobas icnoben da afaseben rogorc saqarTveloSi, asevemis farglebs gareT: ruseTSi, moskovSi _ didi Teatris scenazeda Caikovskis saxelmw. konservatoriaSi. peterburgis mariassaopero Teatris scenaze, agerTve germaniis, italiis, poloneTis,Cexoslovakiis da sxva qveynebis did saopero TeatrebSi.momRerlis partniorebi iyvnen saqarTvelSi: ssrk saxalxoartisti petre amiranaSvili, saq. saxalxo artisti medeaamiranaSvili, saq. saxalxo artisti cisana tatiSvili, saq.sax. artisti eldar gewaZe, rsfsr damsax. artisti daviTgamrekeli.. saq. saxl artisti Leila gociriZe. TamarTaqTaqiSvilis, didi Teatris solistebi: i. arxipove, e. obrazcova,J. heine vagneri.n. andRulaZe mWidrod moRvaweobda diriJorebTansaqarTveloSi _ ssrk sax. artist jano kaxiZesTan, saq. sax.artist didim mircxulavasTan, aseve gamoCenilrus rus, germanel,qarTvels reJisorebTan da didriJorebTan. qarTveli momRerali_ msaxiobis Semoqmedebam marali Sefaseba miiRo italiis,germaniis (kerZod zaarbriukenis), poloneTis sa sxva qveynebispresaSi, sadac nodar andRulaZe aRiarebulia msofliomniSvnelobis momRerlad.saSemsruleblo da samecniero moRvawobasTan paraleluradprof. pr. nodar andRulaZes didi Rvawli miuZRvis vokalispedagogikis dargSi. maestros klasSi aRizarda mravalisaerTaSoriso rangis, momRerali, yvela kategoriss xmisSemsrulebeli, umTavresad tenorebi: n. gamgebeli, T. guguSvili,g. kariauli, a. salaRaZe, m. qobaliani, a. WurRulia, g. oniani da sxvebi.prof. n. amdRulaZe saqarTveloSi amave dros, konsultaciasuwevs saerTaSoriso konkursebis laureatebs, rogorbic arian:l. aTaneli, i. ratiani da sxv.gansakuTrebuli sifaqiziT profesori udgeba qalTa maRalixmebis Camoyalibebis da ganviTarebis process. cnobilia, rompr. n. andRulaZe didi qarTveli momnRerlis daviT andRulaZis(mamis) skolis gamgrZelebelia. metad sayuredReboa axalgazrdavokalistebisTvis is garemoeba, rom d. andRulaZem brwyinvalevokaluri ganaTleba miiRo Tb. konservatoriis prof. e. vronskisklasSi, romelic iyo didi italieli maestros _ augustopasxalis di surestros moswavle. d. andRulaZem aseve, didiskola gaiara moskovSi gamoCenil saopero reJisor k.stanislavskis xelmZRvanelobiT. momReralma moamzada otelosda germanis partia-rolebi, rac safuZvlad daedo rogorcprof. d. andRulaZis, aseve prof. n. andRulaZis saSemsruleblovokalur meTodikas. umTavresad gamoCenili qarTveli tenorebis– z. anjafariZis, n. andRulaZis, z. sotkilavas brwyinvaleotelosa da germanis saxeebis SeqmnaSi.amdagvarad, pr. n. andRulaZis profesionaluri vokalurisaSemsruleblo da pedagogikuri skola Camoyalibda daganviTarda _ qarTuli, italiuri, rusuli akademiuri sasimReroskolebis niadagze. amave dros, unda aRiniSnos, is garemoeba,rom momRerali SesaniSnavad flobs qarTul xalxur simReris,mis umdidres mravalxmian specifikas.1968 wlidan v. sarajiSvilis sax. saxelmw. konservatoriaSin. andRulaZe _ mecnieri-pedagogi mravali wlis manZilzeawyobs respublikur da sakavSiro samecniero konferenciebs,romelSic monawileobas iReben rogorc qarTveli, aseve ruseTisda amierkavkasiis vokalis wamyvani pedagogebi. erT-erTi yvelazewarmatebuli sakavSiro konferencia Catarda 1986 welsTbilisSi, romelic mieZRvna ssrk saxalxo artists pr. d.andRulaZis 90 wlisTavs.58 59

nodar andRulaZepr. n. andRulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT, oponentobiT,konsultaciebiT saqarTveloSi daiwera sakandidatodisertaciebi vokaluri xelovnebis dargSi.1971 wlidan prof. n. andRulaZes iwveven konkursebisTamjdomared, sadac xSirad marTavs masterklasebs.q. quTaisis m. balanCivaZis sax. saxelmwifo saopero TeatrSin. andRulaZem Tavisive dadgmiT ganaxorciela donicetis op.`lucia de lamermuri, romelSiac Seqmnja romantikuli edgarissaxe. axalgazrda Taobis niWier momRerlebTan _ italiurienis brwyinvale konsultaciebis CatarebiT).dRemde pr. n. andRulaZe moRvaweobs v. sarajiSvilis sax.saxelmw. konservatoriaSi da pedagogikisa da samecniero dargSi.uwevs konsultaciebs rogoec Tb. saopero, aseve q. quTaisissaopero Teatris axalgazrda momRerlebs, dRemde mJReradiamomRerlis unikaluri xma.pr. n. andRulaZes gamoqveynebuli aqvs ara erTi samecnieroSroma, statiebi, wignebi. maT Sorios yvelaze popularuli dasaWiroa vokalistebisaTvis Homo Cantor _ adamiani momRetrali(vokaluri xelovnebis narkvevi, Tb. 1997 w.) aseve sayuredReboamomRerlis Tezisebis saxiT gamocemuli Sromebi: `metafizikurimecnierebis sawyisebTan~, 1991 w. `zurab anjafariZis simRera~,1988 w. `Teatraluri moambe~, #2, àida~ _ berlinis operisscenaze, `sabWoTa xelovneba~, 1969 w. #9, quTaisis saoperoproblemebi da amocanebi, `~sabWoTa xelovneba, #8.rogorc vokalis pedagogs, mimaCnia, rom prof. n. andRulaZisunikaluri xma _ ukiduresad maRali registri _ speqtralurgamokvlevas saWiroebs, xolo momRerali msaxiobis, mecnieris,vokalis pedagogis Camoyalibebis da ganviTarebis procesiRrma Seswavlas, analizs moiTxovs, rac xels Seuwyobs vokalispedagogebs momavalSi _ XXI saukuneSi ganaTlebulivokalistebis Taobebis aRzrdas.1. n. andRulaZe. Homo Cantor _ adamiani momRetrali (vokalurixelovnebis narkvevi, Tb. 1997.2. Багадуров ?. Очерки по ист. вок. методологииб 1937.3. n. kiknaZe. metyvelebis meqanizmebi, Tb. 1958.4 Р. Юсон. Певческий голос, М. 1960.gvanca Rvinjiliatradiciis da novaciis problemai. s. baxis mesaSimsoflio musikalur saganZurSi i. s. baxis mesa h mollCaewera rogorc genialuri kompozitoris Semoqmedebisdamagvirgvinebeli nawarmoebi. baxma Seqmna mesis universalurikoncefcia imis gacnobierebiT, rom mesa umaRles adgils ikavebssaeklesio RvTismsaxurebis ierarqiaSi, xolo rogorcmusikaluri Janri saeklesio musikis umniSvnelovanes formaswarmoadgens. amasTan, kompozitors miaCnda, rom `musika ki aralamazebs msaxurebas, aramed mis Rrma azrs xsnis~. 1 baxisTvismesa musikalur bgerebSi RvTaebrivis, sakraluris aJRerebissaSualeba iyo.rogorc dasavleT evropis sasuliero musikis umaRlesiJanri, igi sakulto musikis ganvlil gzas anzogadebs. baxismesaSi warmoCenilia dasavleT evropis sakulto musikismiRwevebis feradovani gama grigoriseuli qoralidan dawyebuli,cantus firmus-ze agebuli mesebis, a cappella, parafrazuli,parodiuli, kanonuri mesebis, venecielebis polifoniuri stilisgavliT baxis Tanamedrove koncertirebadi stilis da fugisurTulesi polifoniuri nimuSebis CaTvliT. sagulisxmoa, rommesaSi winamorbedi epoqebis msoflmxedvelobasTan, saazrovnokategoriebTan da sxvadasxva sakompozitoro stilTan kavSirikompozitoris Tanamedrove musikalur-enobrivi sistemisgardatexaSi vlindeba.xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom protestanti baxis mierkaTolikuri mesis Janrisadmi mimarTva, metic am Janris kanonikismtkice dacva miuTiTebs ekumenizmis tendenciebze kompozitorisSemoqmedebaSi.SevexoT nawarmoebis memkvidreobiT kavSirebs wina epoqebTan.pirvel rigSi mivuTiTebT imaze, rom giom de maSos ciklurimesis xuTnawiliani modeli, romelic dogmis saxiT safuZvladdaedo Semdgomi epoqis mesebs, baxmac SeinarCuna. kompozitorismesis 24 nomriani kompozicia kanonikur xuT nawilian60 61

tradiciis da novaciis problema i. s. baxis mesaSistruqturas eyrdnoba. maSos mesis tradiciebze orientirebamkafiod vlindeba pirvel nawilSic; Kyrie eleison eyrdnobagiom de maSos Kyrie eleison-is sam monakveTian models (Kyrieeleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison). SenarCunebulia agreTve maSosmier Camoyalibebuli kontrastis princi pi, romelicmdgomareobda kidura nawilebSi cantus firmus-is teqnikisgamoyenebaSi. baxi Kirie eleison II-Si mimarTavs Sua saukuneebisa cappella-s motetur stils, rac arqauli xmovanebiT danarCeninawilebisgan gamoarCevs mas. amgvarad kompozitori axal enobrivsistemaSi inarCunebs tradicias. Zvel epoqasTan kavSirzemiuTiTebs qromatikisadmi mimarTva. miuxedavad imisa, romqromatikiT gajerebul maJor-minorul sistemasTan SedarebiTme-16-e saukunis qromatika Tvisobrivad sxva movlenaswarmoadgens, Kirie eleison II-s intonaciur safuZvlad qceuliqromatika aSkarad iwvevs karlo jezualdos qromatiulimadrigalis stilis asociacias.sagulisxmoa mesis memkvidreobiTi kavSirebi niderlandel(e. w. franko-flamandiuri skolis) kompozitorebis mesebTan.niderlandeli kompozitorebis SemoqmedebaSi gabatonebulmagrigoriseuli qoralis `pnevmonurma melosma~, Alla breve-sritmma, Rrmad semantikurma goTikurma polifoniam udavodmoaxdina gavlena baxze, rac aSkarad amkvidrebs kompozitorisSemoqmedebaSi meditirebad mxatvrul `mes~. Zveli epoqismusikisaTvis ucxo iyo personaJi, lirikuli gmiri, subieqturemociaTa vnebaTRelva, rac ti piuri ufro klasikuri dametadre romantikuli epoqisTvisaa. qoralze dayrdnobasafuZvelSive gamoricxavda subieqtur `tonacias~ mesaSi,WvretiTi metafizikuri saxeebi Sesabamis intonacias amkvidrebda.niderlandelTa mesebSi qorali badebda miwier da zecierqronotopebs, romlebic harmoniulad Tanaarsebobdnen. cxadiaqarizmatuli da miwieri plastebis warmoSoba jer kidev me-12 saukunis melizmatur organums ukavSirdeba, magram amsapirispiro semantikuri sawyisebis harmoniuli Serwymahorizontalsa da vertikalSi niderlandelebis da agreTvejovani perluiji da palestrinas mesebs da motetebs gamoarCevs.mag.: palestrinas mesa `Veni sponsa Christe“ (Agnus Dei). 2gvanca Rvinjilianiderlandelebis gavlena aSkaraaa baxis mesis ramdenimenomerSi _ Kyrie II, Gratias, Credo, Confiteor, romlebsac mesiszogadi planis CamoyalibebaSi pirvelxarisxovani mniSvnelobaeniWebaT, isini iwyeben an asruleben mesis nawilebs. am nomrebSiniderlandelTa mkacri stilis mibaZvis dadasturebad aRiqmebaAlla breve-s ritmi, qorali da Stylus Gravis. gansakuTrebuladsainteresoa Credo (#12), romelic gvabrunebs saukuneTasiRrmeSi. 3 arqaulobis elferi Semoaqvs ritms alla breve dagrigoriseul qorals, romelzec aigeba xuTxmiani fuga. Credossimtkice, kanonikuroba simbolizebulia swored qoraliT.es ukanaskneli dogmaa, ucvleli WeSmariteba, erTaderTi Tezisi,romelsac arafris damateba ar sWirdeba, amitomac mas fugisTemisTvis tradiciuli sawinaaRmdego svla ar gaaCnia. qoraliniderlandel polifonistebTan, agreTve palestrinas da lasosmesebSic mianiSnebda maradisobaze, romelic mesis gundebSiSemosazRvravda, `STanTqavda~ amaoebis masimbolizebel danarCenxmebs an zevidan daefineboda, yovelive amiT ki RvTisyovlismpyrobelobis ideas gamoxatavda. baxis Credo-Sic aricvleba qoralis es funqcia, igi TandaTan ganmsWvalavs gundismTels qsovils da simbolizirebs erT yovlismpyrobel RmerTs,RvTis erTobas. semantikuri TvalsazrisiT qoralis SesabamisifunqciiT gamoyeneba cxadia ukavSirdeba am nomris verbalursafuZvels: `mwams erTi RmerTi, mama yovlisa mpyrobeli, Semoqmedicisa da qveynisa, xilulTa yovelTa da araxilulTa~. Confiteor-Si (#19, agreTve xuTxmiani ormagi fuga) grigoriseuliqoralis gafarToebuli saxiT gatareba qristianulsaidumloebaTa sidiadesa da uryevobaze miuTiTebs. qoralisSemdgomi ganviTareba ukve danarCeni xmebis qronotops emTxveva.baxze gavlena moaxdina niderlandelTa mesebSi wriulobisideis gadmocemis Taviseburebamac _ diminuirebis principisTanaxmad Tavdapirvelad ritmulad gafarToebuli qoralimesis bolos Tavdapirveli ritmiT tardeboda, xolokompoziciaSi gabneuli qoralis segmentebi finalSiintegrirdebodnen, rac qorals mTliani hangis saxiT aRadgenda.es procesi pirvelad ideasTan, saTavesTan dabrunebas dataZrulobis ideas simbolizebda. baxma ki wriulobis idea62 63

tradiciis da novaciis problema i. s. baxis mesaSisaxeobriv doneze gadmogvca. kerZod, mesis sawyisi da bolonomris teqsti qristianuli monaniebis Temas eZRvneba. baxismesa gviCvenebs gzas monaniebidan RvTis gandidebis, rwmenisganmtkicebis, sulis xsnis gavliT kvlav qristianulisinanulisken. miuxedavad niderlandelTa udidesi gavlenisa,ar SeiZleba ar mivuTiTod principul sxvaobebzec baxis daniderlandelebis mesebs Soris. niderlandelebi qoraliT mTelmesas aerTianebdnen, rac xmovanebis TvalsazrisiT nawilebsSoris mkveTr diferencirebas ar iwvevda. samyaros harmoniulobaukontrasto saxeobrivi samyaroTi da musikaluri qsoviliserTian emociur planze orientirebis gziT gadmoicemoda.erTiani asketuri saxis gabatonebiT mesa mkveTradupirispirdeboda barokos epoqis madrigalis individualizms.baxis musikaSi ki absoluturi asketurobis idealsupirispirdeba samyaros mravalferovneba. barokos epoqiskompozitori ukve aRar msWvalavs Mmesis yvela nomersgrigoriseuli qoraliT, rac swored individualizebulisaxeebis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels. amgvarad niderlandelkompozitorTa da palestrinas mesebis zegavlenis sakiTxierTmniSvnelovan xasiaTis ar atarebs.ar SevcdebiT Tu vityviT, rom baxis mesaze intonaciurida saxeobrivi TvalsazrisiT udidesi gavlena moaxdinesniderlanduli skolis kidev erTi, gviani renesansiswarmomadgenlis orlando di lasos da veneciuri skoliswarmomadgenelTa mesebma. protestanti orlando di lasosSemoqm edeba Si si nTezi rebul ia r eformaci ul i dakontrreformaciuli saeklesio musikis principebi, ris gamocasketur saxeebTan erTad mis qmnilebebSi sekularulitendenciebic SemoiWra, kerZod drois miRmur kategoriebzeorientirebul asketur saxeebTan Tanaarseboben miwierigancdebi. am TvalsazrisiT orlando di laso baxis uSualowinamorbedadac ki SeiZleba miviCnioT. baxis mesis stilistikazeudides gavlenas axdens veneciuri skolis warmomadgenelTa,andrea da jovani gabrielebis SemoqmedebiTi miRwevebic. maTimoRvaweoba dakavSirebuli iyo veneciis wminda markozistaZarTan, romelic Tavisi arqiteqturiT, orRanoebisa dagvanca Rvinjiliagundebis masSi ganlagebis TaviseburebebiT, TavisTavadganapirobebda akustikur-xmovanebiT novaciebs. gabrielebismesebSi mravalgundianoba, JReradobis masStaburoba, ramdenimegundis erTdrouli an antifonuri galoba, saorkestroriturnelebi, orRanis Tanxleba manamde sruliad gaugonarxmovanebiT ideals badebda. venecielTa miRwevebi baxma axalTvisobriv xarisxSi moiazra da ganazogada, gansakuTrebulades vlindeba Osanna-Si.sagulisxmoa Zveleburi variaciis – pasakaliis formisadmimimarTva #16-Si (Crucifixus). es bgerweriTi gundi gvagonebsmatis grunevaldis cnobil ìzenhaimis sakurTxevels~, perselis`dido da eneasidan~ didos datirebas da TviT baxis tokatasfis moll. 4garda warsulis tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebis da kanonikisdacvisa, baxma barokos epoqis esTetikisa da msoflmxedvelobisgamomxatveli mesis koncefciac Seqmna, risi naTeli dadasturebaJanris imanentur TvisebebTan erTad axali epoqis sunTqviTmotanili Taviseburebebis arsebobaa. am TvalsazrisiTsayuradReboa koncertirebis principi, ariebis, duetebis plasti.baxis musikaSi siRrmiseuladaa gamovlenili religiuri mrwamsi,aJRerebulia RvTaebrivi WeSmaritebani, ris gamoc stilisturiZvrebi saeklesio dogmatikis daTmobis xarjze ar momxdara.axali epoqis musikalur-gamomsaxveli saSualebebi qristianulsemantikur kanonikasTan winaaRmdegobaSi ar modis, riTac mesissakraluri arsi SenarCunebulia.saopero xelovnebis wyalobiT barokos epoqis musikaSiukve damkvidrda Teatraluri dramaturgiisTvis ti piuriprocesualuri ganviTarebis princi pi. aRsaniSnavia, rom mangavlena ver moaxdina mesebis arqiteqtonikis struqturulorganizaciaze, radgan procesualobasTan SedarebiTupiratesoba eniWeba drois miRmur Sres. mesisTvis tipiuriasamyaros ganzogadebuli aRqma, rac ver iqneba droiTikategoriebiT SeboWili. imdenad ramdenadac mesis yovel nawilSixdeba fundamenturi qristianuli WeSmaritebebis ganzogadeba,mesaSi ambavTa msvlelobis faqtori ar arsebobs, Sesabamisadarc kulminaciuri zonaa ti piuri misTvis. amgvarad mesa64 65

tradiciis da novaciis problema i. s. baxis mesaSisaucxood avlens barokoSi jer kidev SemorCenilmravalcentrulobis ideas, romelic sivrcis aRqmis sxvaparametrebs emyareba.baxis Tanamedrove epoqam Seqmna axali socialuri adamianisfenomeni, amasTan dakavSirebiT pnevmonuri melodiuri dinebisWvretiTi xasiaTi adgils uTmobs afeqtirebul intonacias,romelic axal sintaqss emyareba. amgvarad ritorikulmasaukunem musikaSi daamkvidra afeqtebis ena, romelicmusikaluri intonaciis axal organizacias gvTavazobs daubiZgebs baxs sxva gamomsaxveli efeqtebis moZiebisken. amgvaradmusikaluri fraza xdeba komunikaciuri, konkretuli Sinaarsismatarebeli, sintaqsuri organizacia ki metad reliefuri.axali epoqis gavlena aisaxa saopero formebisadmi mimarTvaSi.rad Rirs Tundac is faqti, rom mesaSi baxi iyenebs arias,duets (koncertirebadi instrumentiT) saopero vokalisspecifikis SenarCunebiT. aseT nomrebs miekuTvneba: Gloria, Cumsancto spiritu, Qui tollis, Et resurrexit, Osanna. Mmetic, saoperomReradoba aRwevs sagundo portalSi da sagundo nomrisintonaciur bunebas sazRvravs, amis naTeli magaliTia lamentosintonaciebisadmi mimarTva Crucifixus-Si, romelicintonaciuri TvalsazrisiT Zalze miaxloebulia henri perselisoperis `dido da eneas” lamento-sTan. 5sagulisxmoa semantikuri funqciiT instrumentuli tembrisdatvirTva, rac swored axali epoqis sunTviT motanil novaciaswarmoadgens da upirispirdeba a cappella-s tradicias.ganakuTrebulad saxieria Casaberebis da dasartyamebis tembrissimboluri datvirTva Gloria-Si, rac Sinaarsobrivad RvTis`mzeebr brwyinvale~ saxes gamoxatavs. amgvarad, uflisgandidebis saxis semantikur arss baxi aravokaluri tembrebiTacgadmoscems, rac ucilobel epoqalur novaciad gvevlineba.axali epoqis stilistika aRibeWda mesis metro-ritmulmxarezec. mesaSi semantikuri TvalsazrisiT datvirTuliaRmoCnda àxali elementi~ – samwiladi zoma, romlis saTaveebixalxur sacekvao musikaSi ikargeba. swored cekvadobis elementixdeba simboluri mniSvnelobis matarebeli da ukavSirdebauflis gandidebis saxes. Gloria-s gundebSi orientacia aRebuliagvanca Rvinjiliasamwiladobaze, rogorc metrul erTeulze (#4, 8, 9, 10, 11),xolo Osanna-Si RvTis gandidebis saxe ganzogadebuliapolonezis ritmiT. amasTan dakavSirebiT ar SeiZleba armivuniSnoT imaze, rom niderlandelTa mesebSi simbolurimniSvneloba eniWeba mesis nawilebis klasificirebas or dasamwiladi menzurebis saSualebiT. Tuki teqsti mesas mravalnawilad yofda, ritmuli menzurebi mxolod orad an samad.formas, erTian nagebobas qmnida menzurebis sistema. ornawilianiforma iqmneboda tempus perfectus-iT da tempus, imperfectus-iT,samnawiliani ki – tempus perfectus, tempus, imperfectus da tempusperfectus-iT. amgvarad, baxis mesaSi samwiladobaze garkveulinomrebis agebis kanonika daculia da didi sifrTxiliT warmoebsTamami novaciebis CarTva musikaluri simbolikis orbitaSi.barokos epoqiT motanil novacias warmoadgens tonaluridramaturgiis arseboba nawarmoebSi. mesa iwyeba minorultonalobaSi (h moll) da mTavrdeba maJorulSi (D Dur), baxisTviscxovrebis erTaderTi WeSmariti gza sibnelidan sinaTlisakenswrafva, sulis xsnaa, romelzec momarTuli unda iyosqristianis cxovrebis wesi, sulis xsna swored maJorulitonalobis sazeimo ganwyobilebiT aris simbolizebuli. GloriassaxeTa emociur mxaresac mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs remaJori, rogorc tonaluri safuZveli. amgvrad mesaSi saxeobrivdoneze gamovlinda mravalcentrulobis da wriulobis idea,rac Zveli epoqis tradiciebs ukavSirdeba, tonaluridramaturgia ki rogorc axali epoqis motanili novacia,SesabamisobaSi ar movida wriulobis ideasTan.sagulisxmoa, rom baxis protestantuli suli mesaSipraqtikulad ar gamovlinda, yuradRebas mxolod erTi niuansiiqcevs. misTvis rigorc protestantisTvis gansakuTrebiTmniSvnelovani jvarcmis idea da qristocentruli tendenciebia.rogorc viliam Saide wers, `Znelia ipovo qristes daxatulian Seqmnili iseTi saxe, romelic gadmoscems baxis koncefciisZalas~. 6 mesaSi jvarcmasTan dakavSirebuli nomeri (#16)moqceulia madlierebis gamomxatvel nomrebs Soris, xoloGratias musikis gameoreba bolo nomris musikad (Dona NobisPacem) aSkarad jvarcmis ideis dramatizacias axdens. 766 67

tradiciis da novaciis problema i. s. baxis mesaSimesis wyalobiT baxma samyaros suraTis miseuli modeliSeqmna, romelic Tavisi grandiozulobis gamo iseTive rTuliaRsaqmelia, rogorc miqelanjelos siqstis kapelis freskebisdidebuleba, niderlandelTa mesebSi ritmulad gafarToebulisaxiT gaJRerebuli RvTaebrivi maradisobis simbolo –grigoriseuli qorali. mesaSi baxma ganazogada sakuTaridamokidebuleba qristianuli mrwamsis calkeulidebulebebisadmi, romelTa arsis gaxnas yovel nawarmoebSiaxdenda.winamdebare analizi cxadyofs, Tu ramdenad farToa baxismesis istoriuli mexsiereba, romelic ara mxolod sxvadasxvaepoqis musikalur tendenciebs, intonaciur modelebs, stilurkategoriebs, aramed kosmogonias, msoflaRqmas da saazrovnokategoriebsac ki aerTianebs. amas garda, warsulis musikalurkanonikurtrediciebze dayrdnobiT baxma dagvanaxa qristianuliideebis maradiuloba, romelTa aJRerebac kanonikis dacvispirobebSi rogorc warsulis da Tanamedrove stilurintonaciurenazea SesaZlebeli.universitetissamagistro programa1. http://www.wlsessays.net/files/EngelBach.pdf2. К. Перриш и Дж. Оул. – Образцы музыкальных форм от григорианскогохорала до Баха, М., «Музыка» 1975, №243. Ливанова Т.Б. «Музыкальная драматургия И.С. Баха и ее историческиесвязи», М.Б 1980. стр.191 .4. Ливанова Т.Б. «Музыкальная драматургия И.С. Баха и ее историческиесвязи», Ì.Á 1980. ñòð.1935. http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~tas3/mus303/passacaglia.html#crucifixus6. Scheide, William, J. S. Bach as Biblical Interpreter, Princeton, N.J.: PrincetonTheological Seminary, 1952, p.35.7. http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~tas3/musicon.html68 69

` q a r T u l i q o r e o g r a f i i s m k v l e v a r i ~naSromebi ibeWdeba programis xelmZRvanelisrekomendaciiT.statiis stili daculiaprogramis xelmZRvaneli _ anano samsonaZeeka geliaSviliìkosaedri~ _rudolf fon labanis moZraobis CawerisgasaRebiXX saukunis dasawyisSi, warmoSobiTungrelma, avstrielma mocekvavem,qoreografma da pedagogma rudolf fonlabanma, romlis namdvili gvaria _ dev a r a li a S i (De Varaljas), u di des igadatrialeba moaxdina msoflioqoreografiaSi. namdvilma novatorma dacekvis TeoretikosTa Soris erT-erTipirvelTaganma, Seqmna axali sistema misCasawerad, romelsac sivrceSi moZraobisharmoniis idea daudo safuZvlad. 1aranakleb mniSvnelovani saxelimoipova labanma, rogorc èqspresiulicekvis~ (Ausdruckstanz) da `moZravi qoros~ (es saxeobagansakuTrebiT gavrcelda germaniasa da sabWoTa ruseTSi1920-30 ww.) Semqmnelma. 2rudolf fon labani, rogorc mocekvave, Tavdapirveladsabaleto dasebTan erTad gamodioda lai pcigSi, venaSi,drezdenSi da sxv. mogvianebiT ki _ sakuTar dadgmebSi, romlismusikis avtori da gamformebeli xSirad Tavad iyo. 3 germanuli`gamomsaxvelobiTi cekvis~ erT-erTma fuZemdebelma, 1910 welsCamoayaliba `Tavisufali cekvis~ skola miunxenSi, Semdeg kigermaniis sxvadasxva qalaqebSi da xelmZRvanelobda maT. 1923-26 wlebSi rudolf fon labanma da misma moswavleebma Seqmnespirveli saerTaSoriso dasi _ àuTenturi Jestis~ anuèqspresiuli cekvis~ Teatri. es Teatri sazrdoobda brextisdramiT, konstruqtivizmiT, politikuri karikaturebiT. 4 1927-32 wlebSi igi xelmZRvanelobda berlinis qoreografiulinstituts. modernistuli cekvis damaarsebelTa Soris yvelazeradikalurma labanma uari Tqva ara mxolod tradiciulsacekvao moZraobebze, aramed musikalur akompanimentze,70 71

ìkosaedri~ _ rudolf fon labanis moZraobis Caweris gasaRebieka geliaSvilisiuJetze da Temazec. igi xSirad dgavda sacekvao warmodgenebsmusikis gareSe, an mxolod dasartyami instrumentebis fonze,magaliTad misi àgamemnonis sikvdili~ (1924), `Rame~ (1927),`titani~ (1927). zogjer muSaobda klasikur musikazec _`don Juani~ (1925) da sxv. 5 1938 wels labanma datovagermania, xolo omis damTavrebis Semdeg manCesterSi gaxsnamoZraobis Semswavleli xelovnebis studia, romelic 1975wels gadavida londonSi. labanis moZraobisa da cekvis esstudia msoflio mniSvnelobis cekvis xelovnebis centrigaxda. rudolf fon labani `Tavisufali cekvis~ Teoretikosia.mis SemoqmedebiT principebs gahyvnen Tanamedrove skolis`Tavisufali cekvis~ sxva warmomadgenelebic, rogorebic iyvnenm. bigmani, k. iossi, s. lideri, m. grexemi da sxvani. XXsaukunis 30-ian wlebSi, germaniaSi, sabaleto Teatrisoficialur repertuarSi pirveli eqsperimentaluri cekvebiSevida. labanis moswavleebi mTels evropaSi qmnidnen TavianTdasebs da skolebs. meri vigmani (Mary Wigman) miwveul iqnaamerikaSi. iq gaemgzavra misi moswavle xania xolmic. 1927wels ki kurt iossma (Kurt Joos) (labanis moswavle daTanamoRvawe) konservatoriaSi Camoayaliba qoreografiuliganyofileba “FOLKWANG-SCHULE ESSEN”, romelicTanamedrove cekvis centri gaxda germaniaSi, sadac araerTiniWieri qoreografebis pleada aRizarda. 6rogorc aRiniSna, rudolf fon labans mniSvnelovaniwvlili miuZRvis moZraobis sivrcis aRmoCenaSi. man adamianissxeulis moZraobis universalobis kanonzomierebisdasasabuTeblad gamoiyena maTematikuri analizis meTodi, riTicrevolucia moaxdina sivrcis TeoriaSi. labani amtkicebda,rom sivrce ar aris sicariele, romelic unda SevavsoT. isaris materialuri realoba, romlis Zerwva da formirebaSesaZlebelia sxvadasxva arqiteqtonikuri moZraobebiT. igifiqrobda, rom cekvas gamomsaxvelobas sZenda sivrce da arasxeuli. 7 labanis princi pebis mixedviT, daswavlilimoZraobebisagan gaTavisuflebuli sxeuli unda eZebdes sakuTarritmebs da ise ivsebodes sivrciT. mas erT-erT pirvelshqonda mcdeloba Seeswavla moZraoba rogorc xelovnebaSi,agreTve bunebaSi.`yvelaferi xiluli samyaroSi _ es moZraobaa~ _ ganacxadarudolf fon labanma 1959 wels, sikvdilamde ramodinemexniT adre, gamoqveynebul erT-erT statiaSi (ñòàòüå â LAMGMagazine). 8 swored adamianis moZraobis saidumlo iyo misiinteresis sagani sicocxlis bolomde. labani Seecada moenaxaTaviseburi gza, raTa gadmoeca moZraobis arsi. moZroba misiazriT, _ es aris cxovrebis dadastureba da damtkiceba.`roca Cven vmoZraobT, Cven cocxali samyaros nawili varT~ _ambobs igi. mis Semoqmedebas vecnobiT jon xodgconis naSromiT`moZraobis ostatoba: `rudolf labanis cxovreba damoRvaweoba~. naSromidan vigebT, rom labani ZiriTadadeyrdnoboda adamianis individualobas da mis moZraobas, magramamasTan erTad igi moZraobas ganixilavda ara izolirebulad,aramed mTliani kosmosis Semadgenel nawilad. yvelaferi yvelgan,_ aRniSnavda labani, _ arsebobs moZraobaSi. ca, Rrublebi,varskvlavebi, mze, mTvare da sxva _ yvelaferi icvleba dagadaadgildeba. dedamiwac misi nawilia. moZraoba arsebobsaseve mcenareebSi maTi zrdis procesSi. labanma moZraobebior saxeobad gamijna. es aris moZraobebi, romlebic imarTebianSinagani ZalebiT da moZraobebi, romlebic momdinareobenSignidan. man aRniSna, rom rom maT Soris arsebobs kavSiri,romlis aRmoCeniTac SesaZlebeli gaxdeba cxovrebisgaumjobeseba.labani did yuradRebas aqcevda muSaobisa da dasvenebis,moqmedebisa da cekvis, moZraobis terminebis mniSvnelobas.erT-erTi pirveli STabeWdileba dakvirvebisas es iyo moZraobisZalisa da misi mniSvnelobis gavlenis aRmoCena. igi mowme iyoZveli warmoSobis tomebis meomruli cekvebisa, sadac monawilenibrZolis win sxvadasxva moZraobis SesrulebiT agresiulmdgomareobaSi Sediodnen. aseve akvirdeboda derviSebismoZraobas, maT brunvas da trials, romelTac isini religiurieqstazis mdgomareobaSi mihyavda. labanma gaarkvia, rom moZraobasSeuZlia gamoiwvios moulodneli efeqtebi sisxlis dinebasada cirkulaciaze.man aseve daadgina, moZraobis ormxrivi procesi, rom moZraobaaRmocendeba Sinagani impulsebiT da amavdroulad, gavlenasaxdens Sinagan impulsebze da adamianis saerTo mdgomareobaze.72 73

ìkosaedri~ _ rudolf fon labanis moZraobis Caweris gasaRebieka geliaSviliimis mixedviT Tu rogor vmoZraobT, gamoixateba Cvenimdgomareoba da grZnobebi, romelic aseve gavlenas axdensmaTze. labanis mixedviT, sxeuli _ es ara mxolod gamosaxvis,aramad aRqmis instrumentic aris. moZraoba cvlis sxeuls,gonebasa da suls; goneba da suli ki zemoqmedeben sxeulzeda Sesabamisad moZraobaze. es ormxrivi procesia.labani Tavis naSromSi gvTavazobs aseve moZraobistransformaciis gamomwvev faqtorebsac. .9 igi maT yofsor ZiriTad saxeobad: gare da Sinaganad motivirebulmodificirebuladmoZraobebad. amasTan erTad, igi maTganixilavs fizikur, fsiqologiur, metabolur da emociurkonteqstSi. avtori asaxelebs moZraobaze moqmed faqtorebsac,es aris: epoqa, sivrce, Cacmuloba, statusi, asaki, cnobierebismdgomareoba, pirovnebis xarisxi, urTierTobaTa garemomcveliatmosfero, garemo pirobebi (klimati), situacia.moZraobis elementebis analizisas labani yuradRebasamaxvilebs oTx momentze:1. sad xdeba moZraoba?2. rogor xdeba?3. rogoria misi SezRudva?4. ratom xdeba?am oTxi samoZrao parametris mixedviT igi axdens moZraobisanalizs:sivrce, dro, dinamika (wona) da dineba. TiToeuli maTganispecialur Skalaze izomeboda.erT-erT mniSvnelovan aspeqts moZraobis labaniseulgaazrebaSi warmoadgenda misi miTiTeba, rom moZraobas gaaCniaxarisxic (intensiuroba, Zaldataneba...). moZraoba SeiZlebaiyos mZime an msubuqi, gamomdinare masSi Cadebuli energiisada impulsisagan. igi ganasxvavebs aseve moZraobis siCqaresac.labanma ritmis sami ti pi gamoyo. es aris Cveulebrivi,personaluri da profesiuli.rudolf fon labani dainteresebuli iyo piTagorasaRmoCenebiT, gansakuTrebiT `maTematikiT, romelic safuZvladudevs musikalur gamas~ da iziarebda azrs, rom is kanonebi,is ricxvi, romelic moqmedebs musikis harmoniaze da arismisi gasaRebi, aseve imoqmedebs samyaros harmoniulobazec.Tavis naSromSi `xorevstika~ (Choreutics), romelic moZraobis,misi formis analizi iyo, labani werda, rom àdamianisarqitequrisa da misi sivrceSi traeqtoriis kavSiris intensiuriSeswavla gaaiolebs harmoniuli modelis (paternis) moZiebas.misi SexedulebiT `verbaluri aRwerisas harmoniis niuansebixelidan sxlteba~ da ikargeba .9musikaluri da maTematikuri (geometriuli) koncefciisSejerebisas, labanma wamoayena sivrceSi moZraobis harmoniisidea. sxeulis sivrceSi orientaciis asaRwerad SemoiRokinesfero (kinesfero _ es aris sxeulis garSemo sivrce,sadac sxeuls saSualeba aqvs imoZraos. kinesferos sazRvrebiganisazRvreba moZraobis maqsimaluri amplitudiT. Tuki CvendavakvirdebiT Cveulebriv yofiT da sacekvao moZraobebs,SevamCnevT, rom ZiriTadi moZraobebi vrceldebian kinesferosgansazRvrul zonebSi, xolo danarCeni regionebi ignorirebulniarian), romelSic damatebuli iyo geometriuli figurebi. 10kubi aRmoCnda is saWiro sawyisi geometriuli forma, romelicaiolebda adamianis moZraobis mimarTulebis simaRlis, siRrmisda siganis aRqmas.labani statiaSi LAMG Magazine aRtacebiT aRniSnavda,rom miagno im saerTo gasaRebs, romelic sxvadasxva erisa datradiciis xalxis moZraobasaxasiaTebda. 9 maTi moZraobisumaRlesi wertilebis dafiqsirebiTda erTmaneTSi SeerTebiT man miiRokristalis mkacri forma, romelsacuwoda ikosaedri. igi yovelTviseZeb d a a da m i a ni s s i v r c eS im oZr a obasa d a kr i s t a l i sstruqturas Soris saerTos damisTvis sakmaod amaRelvebeli gaxdais aRmoCena, roca Seityo, rom proteini kristaldeba ikosaedrisformiT.adamiani, ambobda labani, midrekilia mihyves Tavisi moZraobaSixazebs, romelic aerTebs ikosaedris 12 umaRles wertils.moZraobis zustad am traeqtoriis gavliT adamiani iRebsharmoniul da mSvid grZnobebs, maSin rodesac sxva traeqtoriiT74 75

ìkosaedri~ _ rudolf fon labanis moZraobis Caweris gasaRebiadamianis moZraobas SeuZlia gamoiwvios borotebis gansaxovneba,ubedurebis grZnoba da disharmonia.labanis azriT, ikosaedri iZleva imis saSualebas, romufro detalurad aRiweros moZraobis orientacia. masSi kubis8 umaRlesi wertili erTdeba 6 kvadratul zedapirTan. esaris samsibrtyiani gamosaxuleba, TiTqmis sfero, romelicsazRvravs sivrces da romelSic TiToeul individs SeuZliamoZraoba. labanis azriT, igi iZleva saukeTeso saSualebasadamianis moZraobis mimarTulebis aRsaqmelad dagansasazRvravad. 10labanis `xorevstika~-Si (Choreutics) arsebuli sakmaodrTuli da saintereso aRwera eyrdnoba adamianis moZraobisanalizs. avtori aanalizebs moZraobis saxeobebs, formebs,misi transformaciis gamomwvev faqtorebs. labans erT-erTpirvels hqonda mcdeloba Seeswavla moZraoba rogorcxelovnebaSi, aseve bunebaSi. musikaluri da maTematikuri(geometriuli) koncefciis Sejerebisas, labanma wamoayenasivrceSi moZraobis harmoniis idea. sxeulis sivrceSiorientaciis asaRwerad SemoRebul iqna kinesfero, Semdeg kiikosaedri, romelic labanisTvis Casaweri moZraobis `gasaRebad~ iqca.swored es udevs safuZvlad mis cekvis moZraobebis Cawerissistemas, romelic labanma 1938 wels did britaneTSi TavismoswavleebTan k. iossomTan da a. knustomTan erTad SeimuSavasaxelwodebiT `labanotacia~. 11 labanma Tavis analizs, moZraobisformas Tavdapirvelad `xorevstika~ uwoda. SemdegSi isganmtkicda `labanoteiSeni~-s saxelwodebiT.rudolf fon labanis sistemam gavrceleba hpova rogorcinglisSi, aseve germaniasa da amerikaSi.eka geliaSvili6. http://www.polit74.ru/sotsart/dialogue/detail7. http://www.vashasvetlost.ru/magazine8. Джон Ходгсон. “Мастерство движения: жизнь и работа РудольфаЛабана”. Перевод Валентина Бурова.9. http://www.isra-trainings.com/articles/dance/laban_patterns.html10. http://www.girshon.ru11. http://www.slovoved.ru12. http://www.deistvo.ru/fest2005/17.htm1. http://www.slovopedia.com/2/203/236972.html2. http://www.heptachor.ru/3. Ñî÷.: Die Welt des Tanzers, Stuttg., 1920; Choreographie. Jena, 1926;Principles of dance and movement notation, L., 1956.4. R e b l i n g E., Ballett gestern und heute, B., 1957; Wilcarls J., Moderndance. L., 1958. E, C.5. http://www.te06.mnogosmenka.ru/te060497/te060514.htm76 77

Llia barbaqaZeDvokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblokvlviTi analizi(dimitri arayiSvilis romansebis: `me Sen geli~ da`wyaro da yvavilebis~ magaliTze)`vokalur-t e q n i k u r i -s a S e m s r u l e b l o k v l e v i T ia n a l i z i ~ ,naSromebi ibeWdeba programis xelmZRvanelisrekomendaciiT.statiebis stili daculiaprogramis xelmZRvaneli _ Jana ToiZedimitri arayiSviliDdimitri arayiSvilis moRvaweoba qarTuli musikalurikulturis istoriis SesaniSnavi furcelia.Dd. arayiSviliekuTvnis qarTveli kompozitorebis im saxelovan Taobas(z.faliaSvili, m. balanCivaZe, n. sulxaniSvili, v. doliZe),romelmac XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze saZirkveli Cauyaraaxal qarTul profesiul musikas.Mman harmoniulad SeaTavsaTavis pirovnebaSi kompozitoris, xalxuri musikis mkvlevris,publicistis, pedagogisa da sazogado moRvawis Tvisebebi.qarTuli musikaluri kulturis istoriaSi d. arayiSviliSevida, rogorc qarTuli klasikuri romansis fuZemdebeli,erT-erTi pirveli qarTuli operis (`Tqmuleba SoTarusTavelze~) avtori, qarTuli simfoniuri Janris pioneri(`himni ormuzds~, 1911w), erovnuli folkloristikisfuZemdebeli.metad Taviseburi iyo d. arayiSvilis moRvaweobisgza.Uufrosi Taobis yvela qarTveli kompozitori`Tergdaleuli~ iyo. Isini Tergs gaRma miiswrafodnen, raTamusikaluri ganaTleba peterburgis an moskovis konservatoriaSimieRoT.Dd. arayiSvilis adgili am TaobaSi im mxrivac arisTaviseburi, rom Tavisi cxovrebis pirveli naxevari saqarTvelosgareT gaatara.BbavSvoba da siyrme CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi,axalgazrdobisa da simwifis saukeTeso wlebi _ ruseTSi.Magram d. arayiSvili mudam erovnuli kulturis niadagzeidga. Xalxi da xalxuri kultura _ am rwmeniTa da deviziTiyo gamsWvaluli misi cxovreba.78 79

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvlviTi analizimusikaluri Semoqmedebis sferoSi istoriuli roliSeasrula d. arayiSvilis moRvaweobam saromanso JanrSi, magram,misi, rogorc kompozitoris mniSvneloba ar ifargleba vokalurimusikis sferoTi. Igi qarTuli simfoniuri musikis pioneria _pirveli saorkestro nawarmoebisa (1911 w.) da pirveli simfiniis(1934 w.) Semqmneli.dimitri egnates Ze arayiSvili daibada 1873 wlis 11(24)Tebervals vladikavkazSi (amJamad orjonikiZe).BbavSvobidanve iZulebuli iyo emuSava, raTa daxmarebodamSoblebs. daamTavra samklasiani skola. 1884-1890 ww.arayiSvili mReris adgilobriv saeklesio gundSi. 1888-1890ww. _ armavirSi cxovrobs ufros ZmasTan _ giorgisTanerTad, muSaobs noqrad maRaziaSi. Imxanad, armavirSi Camovidal. aRniaSvilis cnobili gundi, romlis koncertmac waruSleliStabeWdileba moaxdina masze. `rodesac gundma xalxuriqarTuli simRerebi wamoiwyo, me aRtacebuli davrCi... me TviTonmominda simRerebis wera. Amrigad am gundis koncerti CemiSemoqmedebis pirvel biZgad iqca.~ _ igonebda dimitriarayiSvili.1890 wels d. arayiSvili ekaterinodarSi (amJ.Kkrasnodari)gadasaxlda. Scada pirveli diletanturi nawarmoebis dawera:romansi i. WavWavaZis teqstze `Cemo mkvlelo, vici, vici~ da`qarTuli cekva~ fortepianosaTvis, romelic 1893 welsmoskovSi iurgensonis gamomcemlobaSi `sawyaliSvilis~fsevdonimiT. 1893 wels gaemgzavra moskovs da Sedisfilarmoniuli sazogadoebis musikalur-dramatulisawavleblis Teoriisa da kompoziciis klasSi. TiTqmis 25weli gaatara moskovSi.1902 wels igi aqtiurad Caeba moskovis universitetismusikalur-eTnografiuli komisiis muSaobaSi. 1901-1908 ww.arayiSvilma moawyo oTxi didi eTnografiuli eqspediciasaqarTvelos centralur raionebSi da metad Zvirfasi masalagamosca 4 krebulad. Wlebis manZilze igi redaqtorobdaprogresul Jurnals `musika da cxovreba~, romelic 1908wels daaarsa, Tavis megobar masalovTan erTad.lia barbaqaZeSemdgom eqspediciebi 1902, 1904 da 1908 wlebSi moawyo.TiTqmis mTeli saqarTvelo moiara da 500-ze meti xalxurisimRera Cawera.Semdeg wlebs miekuTvneba misi cnobili romansebis wyeba.`varskvlaviansa Rames~, `siov nazo~, àRsdeq, Seinavarde~, `meSen geli~, ìveriis mTebze~, `vard-yvavilTa samefos modi~ dasxv.1918 wels didi codniTa da gamocdilebiT aRWurvilikompozitori gadmosaxlda saqarTveloSi.1929 wels mieniWa saqarTvelos saxalxo artistis wodeba.1932 wels igi saTaveSi Caudga axlad organizebulsaqarTvelos kompozitorTa kavSirs.dimitri arayiSvili gardaicvala 1953 wlis 13 agvistos.dakrZalulia TbilisSi, didubis panTeonSi.dimitri arayiSvilis Semoqmedebis umniSvnelovanesi dayvelaze saintereso sfero _ romansia.Dd. arayiSvilislirikuli niWis Taviseburebani gansakuTrebiT mis romansebSiCans. Mis SemoqmedebaSi romansma, rogorc vokalurma miniaturam,upirvelesi adgili daikava.qarTul saromanso lirikas, rogorc nawarmoebTa raodenobiT,ise mxatvruli RirebulebebiT, ar moepoveba kompozitori,romelic Tavisi mniSvnelobiTYaWarbebdes d. arayiSvils.Mmis80-mde romanss Soris gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia farTodcnobili: ìveriis mTebze~, `varskvlaviansa Rames~, `me Sen geli~,`vard-yvavilTaA samefos modi~, `Ramea bneli~, `nu mReri turfav~,`SemoRameba~, ùrmulze~, `siov nazo~ da sxv.miuxedavad didi raodenobisa d. arayiSvilis romansebi argamoirCeva arc formis mravalferovnebiT da arc farToemociuri diapazoniT.Mmis romansebSi ver SevxvdebiT grZnobaTarTul gradaciebs, mZlavr da daZabul dramatizms. marTalia,SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis dasawyisSi (1902 w.) d. arayiSvilmapatriotuli lirikis nimuSi Seqmna i. WavWavaZis cnobilSedevris `gazafxulis~ (`tyem moisxa foToli~) safuZvelze,xolo moRvaweobis ukanasknel periodSi ramdenime simReraromansiuZRvna Sromis Temas, magram nayofier Sedevrebskompozitorma mxolod satrfialo lirikis sferoSi miaRwia.80 81

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvlviTi analizilia barbaqaZeCnobilia, rom yvela qarTvelma kompozitorma ganicadaqalaquri simReris gavlena. Swored qalaqurma romansmagansazRvra kompozitoris vokaluri stilistur-intonaciuribuneba.xatvruli Grirebulebebis mxriv yvelaze mniSvnelovaniaadrindeli (moskovis) periodSi Seqmnili romansebi: `mze aRarbrwyinavs~ (1904 w.), `mTiuli qalis sikvdili~ (1904 w.),àRsdeq, Seinavarde~ (1902 w.), `siov nazo~ (1906 w.), `me Sengeli~ (1907 w.), ìveriis mTebze~ (1908 w.), `vard-yvavilTasamefos modi~, `nu mReri, turfav~ (1908 w.). ufro gvian1919 wels qmnis g. quCiSvilis teqstze `Ramea bneli~,`SemoRameba~, ùrmulze~.Tavis 80-mde romanss man sxvadaxsva qveynis da epoqis 32poetis leqsi daudo safuZvlad.d. arayiSvilis romansebis musikaluri ena sisadaviT,bunebriobiT gamoirCeva. Misi romansebi umTavresad daweriliasamnawiliani formiT. Misi romansebis harmoniuli ena ar arisrTuli. Kompozitori xSirad mimarTavs harmoniuli maJoridanparalelur minorSi gadasvlis xerxs.gancalkevebiT dgas dimitri arayiSvilis SemoqmedebaSiromansi `me Sen geli~. (m. davidovas teqsti), romelic mkafiodgamoirCeva pirveli periodis romansebs Soris Tavis mRelvaretonusiTa da mZafri eqspresiiT. Igi emociurad yvelazedaZabuli romansia arayiSvilis SemoqmedebaSi. `me Sen geli~dramatizebuli lirikis nimuSia. Romansis mTavari tonipaTetikuria. Vokaluri miniaturis mokle formaSikompozitori qmnis uwyvet, gamWol ganviTarebas. masSi didismRelvarebiT aris gadmocemuli satrfos lodini RamissibneliT mocul xeivanSi. Romansis lakonuri forma kidevufro xazs usvams mis Sinagan daZabulobas da poeturigancdis simZlavres.Mmis daZabulobas da mRelvarebas xelsuwyobs cvalebadi zoma (4/4,3/4,2/4), tonalobebis xSiri cvla:H-dur, gis-moll, C-dur, E-dur, gadasvlebi melodiaSi, zogjerseqstaze da kvintaze. Romansis ganviTarebis Sinagan dinamikazemetyvelebs misi kulminaciis damTxveva romansis bolomonakveTze. Misi pirveli nawili reCitatiulia.Ppoeturiteqstis Sinaarsma ganapiroba am romansis ornawiliani aRnagoba:pirveli nawili mSvidi Txrobaa, meore ki daZabuli dadramatuli.vokalur-teqnikuri kvleviTi analiziromansi `me Sen geli~romansi `me Sen geli~ dimitri arayiSvilma moskovSicxovrebis periodSi dawera. sityvebi ekuTvnis: m. davidovas,Targmani i. mWedliSvils da g. xmalaZes.nawarmoebis tonaloba xSirad icvleba.nawarmoebis diapazoni:nawarmoebSi sistematiurad icvleba zoma. 4/4,3/4,2/4.am romansis Sesrulebisas umjobesia movixmaroT sunTqvisdrosmuclis kunTebi (diafragma), rac axloa sascenometyvelebis sunTqvasTan.simReris dros ar SeiZleba mxrebiT sunTqva. Hhaeriswneva da moculoba gamudmebuli kontroliT undamimdinareobdes bgeraTa warmoTqmis Tu mReris dros, es arisswored sametyvelo sunTqvis meqanizmis daniSnuleba, igiveavokalSi.rac Seexeba dasawyiss. romansi iwyeba Sesavlis gareSegardamavali bgeriT da mecoforteTi. (mƒ), radgan gardamavalibgera rTuli sasimReroa, sasurvelia patara crescendo82 83

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvlviTi analizigavukeToT bgeras, gavaZlieroT, rac swori sunTqvis saSualebiTaaSesaZlebeli.Ggvaqvs bevri xmovani è~ da unda vifrTxiloTlia barbaqaZeaq tonaloba Seicvala. H-dur (si maJoridan) gadavida gismoll(sol minorSi).Aaq saWiroa crescendo-s gakeTeba, radgannawarmoebi midis nel-nela maRali bgerebisaken da musikaiZabeba stilisturad.ar gamovides es bgera Ria.Aamitom saWiroa simReris dawyebamomrgvalebuli bgeriT da viwro maRali artikulaciiT. esfraza legatos gamoyenebiT unda CamRerdes.am frazebis mReris dros, rogorc vxedavT saWiroa patarasunTqvebis gamoyeneba da sunTqvis gamudmebuli kontroli.isunTqo swrafad da mSvidad, ise gamozomo haeri, rom armogakldes misi maragi. isunTqo ise bunebrivad dadaubrkoleblad, rom msmenelma ar SeniSnos sunTqvis naklebobada amas daRliloba ar mohyves.Aaucilebelia teqsts mivaqcioTyuradReba, raTa yvela xmovani Tu Tanxmovani zustad iyoswarmoTqmuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom romansi reCitatiuliformisaa.erTi nawili azrobrivad da musikaluradmTavrdeba.Aaq, rogorc vxedavT, maRali bgerebisakenkompozotirmaDZalian frTxilad wagviyvana. am nawilisSemdeg nawarmoebis tempi matulobs da musika ufromoZravi da aqtiuri xdeba.iuxedavad imisa, romansi dasasruls uaxlovdeba ucebCndeba dabali notebi (e,c,e). dabali bgerebi ar unda iqnesuferuli, unda JRerdes Tanabrad, Tavisufali sasa, viwro,maRali pozicia.84 85

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvlviTi analiziam frazaSic gvaqvs legatoebi, aseve didi grZliobis notebi,romelic Zlieri sunTqvis gamoyenebiT unda aviRoT davanawiloT ise, rom frazis bolomde gveyos sunTqva. mivdivarTfinalisken, romelic mTavrdeba kulminaciur maRal bgerebze.imisaTvis, rom es maRali bgerebi SevasruloT, Zlieri, RrmasunTqva unda aviRoT da bgera gavaZlieroT.maRal bgeraze gvaqvs fermato, rac niSnavs bgera daviWiroTiqamde sadamdec CvenTvis SesaZlebelia. imisaTvis ,rom esromansi moswavles SevaswavloT, umjobesia dayoT nawilebad,raTa gauadviloT moswavles nawarmoebis Seswavla. es romansiSeiZleba or nawilad gavyoT. SegviZlia gamoviyenoTstanislavskis sqema, romelsac is speqtaklebis dadgmisasiyenebda, igive gadmovitanoT vokalSi.lia barbaqaZerogorc, romansi `me Sen geli~, aseve `wyaro da yvavilebi~iwyeba gardamaval bgeraze (mecoforteTi).rogorc vxedavT, melodiis mimarTuleba qvemoT modis,imisaTvis rom es bgerebi ar Cagvivardes, daRmavali svlisasmomRerals SegrZneba unda hqondes, rom TviTon piriqiT zeviTmidis.Aaucileblad, sasurvelia movixmaroT muclis kunTebissunTqva , radgan gvaqvs Sua registri, rasac babulianikolaiSvili iyenebda sasceno metyvelebaSi, igivea vokalSic.romansi `me Sen geli~dimitri arayiSvilis romansi `wyaro da yvavilebi~ (1941w.). Janruli xasiaTis romansia. msubuqi da mxiaruli sacekvaor i t m i , maJoruli kilo, martivisamnawilianiforma, cqriala melodia _a s eTi a a m r omansis zogi er TidamaxasiaTebeli Tviseba.romansi m. quCiSvilis teqstzea agebuli. nawarmoebis tonaloba,iseve rogorc romansSi “me Sen geli”, aqac icvleba. arayiSvilsaxasiaTebs maJoridan mis paralelur minorSi gadasvla.adre yovelTvis sakamaTo iyo is, Tu sunTqvis romelitipia umjobesi sametyvelod an igive sasimReroT. XIX saukunisbevri frangi mkvlevari yuradRebas gul-mkerdis (zeda)sunTqvaze amaxvilebda. am Sexedulebas icavda, frangi fizikosi`mandli~ (1995). amis Semdeg cnobili gaxda ingliselmkvlevarTa muclis sunTqvis upiratesobis Teoria. sunTqvisNnawarmoebi iwyeba F-dur-Si, gadadis des-moll-Si da brundebaisev F-dur.Nnawarmoebis zoma 6/8.diapazoni:upiratesoba imas emyareba, rom sametyvelo Tu sasimRerosunTqvis dros didi mniSvneloba aqvs haeris didi raodenobiTSesunTqvas, rac Zalas matebs xmis warmoqmnas.rac Seexeba am frazas, aq faqtiurad gvaqvs sametyveloregistri. gvaqvs bevri Tanxmovani da SeiZleba iTqvas, romreCitatiuli formaa, amitom aucilebelia metyvelebasmivaqcioT yuradReba, rom yvela xmovani Tu Tanxmovani sufTaAqarTulad JRerdes. es nawarmoebi moiTxovs stilisturadwyarosaviT kamkamad da msubuqad Sesrulebas.86 87

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvlviTi analiziam frazaSi melodia midis maRali bgerebisaken, gavakeToTcrescendo, rom gagviadvildes maRali bgeris aReba. maRalbgeraze gvaqvs fermato, rac niSnavs bgera daviWiroT didxans,ramdenadac SesaZlebelia momRerlisaTvis. aq gvWirdeba RrmasunTqva da aucileblad sunTqvis ganawileba (kontroli),rom sunTqva gveyos frazis bolomde, radgan amas moiTxovslia barbaqaZeda intervaliT gadasvla gxvdeba orjer, rac intonaciuriTvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa momRerlisaTvis. Sua nawilSimelodia dabal bgerebzea da unda vecadoT es bgerebi uferulikompozitori. sayuradReboa, rom maRali bgera gvaqvs xmovanà~-ze da mas mosdevs xmovani è~. aq aris saSiSroeba bgerisRiaobis, radganac aris momdevno xmovani è~. rasakvirveliabgera ise unda iyos momrgvalebuli rogorc à~, anu à~-spoziciaSi vimReroT è~-c.nawarmoebis erTi nawili mTavrdeba aq da iwyeba meorenawili.Mmeore nawilSi icvleba ritmi da tonaloba. Ppirvelinawili Tu iyo Allegro, es nawili SedarebiT mSviddeba daufro mReradi da moZravi xdeba. nawarmoebi forteTi grZeldeba.ar gaxdes da Tanabrad Jerdes, Tumca Warbobs gardamavalibgerebi.Sua nawili aq mTavrdeba. Semdegi anu bolo nawili romansisisev pirvel tonalobaSi brundeba. tempi matulobs da TiTqmispirveli nawilis melodia meordeba. romansi mTavrdeba, rogorc`me Sen geli~ kulminaciur bgerebze.nawarmoebi midis finalisken da kompozitori iTxovsmecofortes. Aaq isev gardamavali bgerebi gvxvdeba. Bgerarogorc ukve aRvniSne, romanisi Sua nawilSi SedarebiTmSviddeba melodia. tonaloba Seicvala.Ffraza iwyebagardamaval bgeraze da didi intervaliT gadavdivarT dabalbgeraze, rac axasiaTebs arayiSvils. Oori gardamavali bgeranawarmoebis Sekvra(SevaerToT yvelaferierTad)(emocia, niuansireba,Sesrulebismanera)viwro wre(sityvebi)musikaluri faqtura(melodia)(ra sirTuleebia vokalurteqnikuriTvalsazrisiT)(gardamavali bgerebi,didi intervalebi, tempiritmi)88 89

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvlviTi analizimomrgvalebuli da pozicia bgeris maRali unda iyos. teqnikurimxare exmareba momRerals nawarmoebis Sesrulebis srulyofaSi.es aris safinalo fraza. Crescendo-s saSualebiT mivdivarTmaRAli bgerebisaken. Ggvaqvs didi grZliobis notebi da orifermato, unda aviRoT Rrma sunTqva da bgera daviWiroTfrazis bolomde. vinaidan, maRali bgera “e” xmovanzea, saWiroamuclis kunTebis sunTqvis CarTva dab geris maRali pozicia,rom bgera ar wavides cxvirSi an ar aRmoCndes yelismieri.rogroc zemoT avRniSne, nawarmoebis Seswavlisas unda davyoTigi sam nawilad, raSic dagvexmareba stanislavskis sqema,romelsac didi reJisori speqtaklebis dadgmisas iyenebda.dimitri arayiSvilis saukeTeso romansebi gamoirCeva formislakonizmiT, faqizi melodiurobiT, nazi kolorituliferadovnebiT. dimitri arayiSvilis Semoqmedebis epigrafadgamodgeba Zveli ostatebis cnobili Tqma: `melodia musikissulia~.qeTevani benturivokalur-teqnikuri kvleviTi analizijakomo puCinis lauretas ariis magaliTze operidan`jani skiki~jakomo puCinididi italieli kompozitori Jakomo puCini (22.XII.1858 –29.XI.1924) daibada q. lukaSi da gardaicvala q. briuselSi.10 wlis asakidan ukravda eklesiebSi orRanze, 16-17 wlisamSeqmna Tavisi pirveli piesebi orRanisTvis. 1872-80 w. swavlobdamusikalur institutSi, 1880-83 w. ki milanis konservatoriaSi(a. ponkielisTan). misi pirveli operaa `vilisebi~ (1883).Mmasdidi aRiareba moutana `manon leskom~ romelic dawera 1890-92 w. xolo momdevno operebSi ,,bohema~ (1893-95), `toska~(1896-99), `madam baterflai~ anu `CioCiosani~. 1904 welsgamovlinda misi, rogorc italiuri saopero verizmis yvelazedidi da ti puri warmomadgenlis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi.Semdeg man dawera operebi `dasavleTeli qaliSvili~ (1907-10), `mercxali~ (1914-16 w.), `wamosasxami~ (1915-16 w.), ànJelika~(1916-17 w.) da `jani skiki~ (1921-24 w.). es opera daweradantes jojoxeTis 30-e simReris mixedviT, romelickompozitors daumTavrebeli darCa. igi daasrula kompozitormaf. alfanom puCinis eskizebis mixedviT.* * *1. qarTuli musikis istoria.Gamomcemloba `ganaTleba~ Tbilisi. 1990.gv. 120-1462. b.nikolaiSvili-gamomcemloba `ganaTleba” Tbilisi, 1979. gv-623. qarTuli musikis istoria. donaZe, CijavaZe, CxikvaZe. gamomcemloba`ganaTleba~, Tbilisi, 1990. gv.120-146jakomo puCini XX saukunis erT-erTi udidesi saoperokompozitor-novatoria.minda yuradReba gavamaxvilo `jani skiki~-dan lauretaserT-erTi cnobili ariis vokalur-teqnikur analizze. q.TbilisSi `jani skiki~ daidga 1965-66 wlebSi.Mmas SesaniSnaviqarTveli momRerlebi asrulebdnen. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas,rom opera `jani skiki~ mTlianad komikuri Janrisaa, lauretasaria dramatuli xasiaTisaa da misi Sesruleba sakmaod rTulia90 91

vokalur-teqnikuri kvleviTi analizida did profesionalizms moiTxovs. misi SesrulebisaTvismomRerals aucileblad unda hqondes farTe diapazoni,dramatuli an liriko-dramatuli soprano, emociuroba, teqnika,artistizmi, swori sunTqvis floba, daxvewili saSemsruleblomanera, swori sasceno metyveleba, gemovneba.1. tonaloba - la bemol maJori2. ritmi - 3/43. diapazoniNnawarmoebis Seswavlis meTodiNnawarmoebis SeswavlisaTvis viyenebT stanislavskissistemasnawarmoebis gacnoba-ganawilebateqnikurad SeswavlateqstiqeTevani benturiteqsti italiur enazea da amitom SesrulebisasgaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos italiuri enis specifika.Tanxmovnebi unda iyos mkafiod warmoTqmuli. magaliTad bgera`r~ italiur enaSi da qarTul enaSic erTnairad warmoiTqmebada SedarebiT mkveTria. Aam SemTxvevaSi veyrdnobi eqsperimentul 1 monacemebs.italiuri da qarTuli xmovnebis Sedarebis dros gamovlindarogorc xmovnebis, aseve Tanxmovnebis siaxlove 80%, racuflebas gvaZlevs italiuri teqstis Seswavlis procesigavuadviloT qarTvel studentebs, raTa sayrden enad miviCnioTqarTuli ena.v. bagadurovis azriT simReris xelovneba _ sunTqvisskolaa da simRerisaTvis mniSvnelovania diafragmatuli sunTqva,radgan diafragmis kunTebi exmareba Semsrulebels, rom sunTqvaufro xangrZlivi da sworad ganawilebuli iyos. v. bagaduroviaseve miiCnevs, rom Semsrulebels SeuZlia sunTqva SeaCeros,Seinaxos igi zeda sasunTq ujredebSi da Semdeg frazadaasrulos am Senaxuli haeris xarjze. e. i ariis Sesrulebadamokidebulia sunTqvaze, sunTqvis ganawilebaze, diafragmatulsunTqvaze. Seswavlili sasceno sametyvelo sunTqva Sesabamisadunda iyos gamoyenebuli sasimRero sunTqvis procesSi,aucilebelia misi kontroli da sunTqvis sworadganawileba. 2 Kkompozitor puCinis Cems mier arCeul ariaSiaris iseTi frazebi, sadac gvWirdeba sakmaod farTe sunTqva.es xdeba zomierad CasunTquli haeris mTel frazaze sworadganawilebis xarjze, CarTuli unda iyos diafragmis kunTebi,trenaJis gamomuSavebis meSveobiT SegviZlia bgera davikavoTxangrZlivad.nawarmoebis Sekvra da damuSaveba92 93

vokalur-teqnikuri kvleviTi analiziimisaTvis, rom miviRoT swori da akademiuri bgera daSesabamisad nawarmoebic akademiurad iyos Sesrulebuli,amisaTvis saWiroa bgera iyos rezonatorSi. am SemTxvevaSibgera yvelaze daxvewili da sworia. Ees imas niSnavs, rombgeris warmoqmnis dros mTeli saxmo aparati CarTuli damobilizebuli unda iyos, yeli ar unda iyos moWerili, daZabuli,unda igrZnobodes sivrce da ismodes Tavisufali bgera, xmaar unda iyos cxvirismieri, daguduli, sasa unda iyos aweulida mas unda hqondes TaRiseburi forma. rac ufro maRaliabgera, miT ufro maRla iwevs sasa. es procesi organuliagamocdili SemsruleblebisaTvis, maT ar sWirdebaT bgeristeqnikur mxareebze fiqri simReris dros, rasac ver vityviTstudentebze, romelTac garkveuli gamocdileba sWirdebaT,raTa bgeris warmoqmnis teqnikuri detalebi gaixadon organulqmedebad. lauretas ariaSi gvxvdeba iseTi maRali bgerebi,rogoricaa `la bemoli~, es bgera xSirad gvxvdeba oqtaviTintervalze, anu pirveli oqtavis la bemolidan aris naxtomimeore oqtavis la bemolze, aqedan gamomdinare, Semsrulebelsunda hqondes gamocdileba Tundac msgavsi savarjiSoebis gavliT,raTa Semdeg ar gauWirdes nawarmoebSi am e. w rTuli frazisakademiurad Sesruleba.Zalian mniSvnelovania, agreTve, Sesrulebis dros azrovneba.am oqtavis asaRebad winaswar gonebrivad unda movemzadoT,saWiro raodenobis sunTqva aviRoT, CavrToT diafragmis kunTebi,sasa unda iyos aweuli, momrgvalebuli, mobilizebuli aparatiTda swori artikulaciiT, mxolod amis Semdeg miviRebT e. w.àkademiur bgeras~. nawarmoebSi aseve gvxvdeba e. w. `gardamavalibgerebi~.qeTevani benturirogorc viciT gardamavali bgerebis Sesruleba nawarmoebSigacilebiT rTulia, vinaidan isini warmoadgenen xids maRalibgerebisaken.Aamitom gardamavali bgerebi naklebad JReradiada uferuli. amisaTvis Semsrulebels esaWiroeba ormagiZalisxmeva, sworad SesunTquli haerisa da diafragmis kunTebisZalis meSveobiT, aseve swori artikulaciiT ar gamoikveTosgardamavali bgerebi da gaTanabrdes maRal registrTan.Semsrulebels aseve exmareba samsaxiobo ostatobis codna,maSin is nebismier sirTules Sesabamisi sasceno amocanisdasaxviT da Semdeg sworad gamoyenebiT gaamarTlebs.NnebismiersimReras, anu nawarmoebs, Tavisi Sinaarsi aqvs da misi gadmocemada gaTamaSeba, Tundac mcire nawyvetSi, Tu ariaSi aucilebelia,radgan mayurebelisaTvis advilad aRsaqmeli iyos. ar SeiZlebagaRimebuli saxiT da Seusabamo gamometyvelebiT SevasruloTromelime tragikuli xasiaTis aria, an piriqiT... Semsrulebelsunda gaaCndes warmosaxvisa da fantaziis unari, rom aramxolod teqnikurad imReros, aramed Seasrulos kidec. didireJisoris k. stanislavskis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: `momReralsunda sjerodes rom scenaze umTavresia simarTle.~lauretas ariaSi igi umReris mamas, rom man satrfosaCuqa gulic da xelic da is mzadaa misTvis Tavi gaswirosda rom sicocxles urCevnia igi. ase rom am arias sWirdebaSemsrulebelma bolomde gaiTavisos misi Sinaarsi da dasaxuliamocana marali ostatobiT Seasrulos.rac Seexeba teqnikur Sesrulebas, minda Sevexo nawarmoebSiarsebul maRal bgerebs da amasTan es maRali bgerebi undaiyos namReri kresCendoze, rac vokalistis mxridan ZliersafuZvels, maRal vokalur-teqnikur momzadebas da amasTanavesunTqvis ostaturad ganawilebis flobas moiTxovs.94 95

vokalur-teqnikuri kvleviTi analiziaRaniSnavia, rom zemoT aRniSnuli grZeldeba eqvs taqtze,meSvide taqtze kvlav ufro Zlieri gvxvdeba, ris SemdegacSemsrulebeli cdilobs gamoiyenos arsebuli pauza, magramgancdis Sedegad aRwevs kulminacias, ris safuZvelsac gvaZlevsteqstis Sinaarsi: laureta mamas patiebasa da SewyalebassTxovs. am dros kvlav yvelaze maRali bgera `la bemoli~aseve sruldeba kesCendoze da sasurvelia am bgeris gagrZeleba.nawarmoebis dasawyisis pirvel frazaSi vxvdebiT pirvelioqtivis `la bgeras~, rac ò~, ì,~ à~ xmovnebze imRereba: Òmio bab-bino caro”. ò~ bgera mrgvalia, aqedan gamomdinareufro rezonatorSi xvdeba da TiTqmis arc erT Semsrulebelsar uWirs. ì~ bgera ufro gabrtyelebuli da mWaxea. amitomsaWiroa ì~ xmovnis dros sametyvelo aparati ar iyos gaxsnilida iseTive artikulaciiT warmoiTqvas rogorc ò~. igiveSeiZleba iTqvas bgera à~-zec piri unda iyos mrgvali daSedarebiT sigrZeze gaxsnili, rom JRedres lamazad. racSeexeba Tanxmovnebs, viciT rom italiur enaSi xSiria oriTa nxm ov a ni er Ta d: ` babbino”, “bello”, “Rossa”,“nello”; am SemTxvevaSi italiuri enis specifika moiTxovs,rom es Tanxmovnebi ormagi simkveTriT warmoiTqvas. sascenometyvelebis kultura bgeris swor inotacias, artikulaciasmoiTxovs da yovelmxriv dauSvebelia kuTxuri an rusuliintonaciebi, rac xSirad gvxvdeba dRevandel qarTulSi. sascenometyvelebis brwyinvale pedagogis, xelovnebaTmcodneobisdoqtoris, profesor b. nikolaiSvilis 3 sityvebiT rom vTqvaT:àmJamad msaxiobis aRzrdisaTvis saWiro gaxda swavlebiskompleqsuri meTodis _ ostatobisa da sasceno metyvelebisgamoyeneba, raTa sityva stanislavskiseburad rom vTqvaT scenazegaxdes `qmediTi~. vokalur xelovnebaSic mTavaria `qmediTi~simRera, romelic ibadeba qmediTi sityvidan~.yovelive amis Semdeg SeiZleba ukve nawarmoebis Sekvra.Semsrulebeli Tu akmayofilebs am moTxovnebs, aqvs Sesabamisiresursi da yvelafers gaiTvaliswinebs Tamamad SeuZliaimReros lauretas aria, daxvewos da akademiurad moamzadosigi.1. J. ToiZe. avtoreferati. gv. 27 q. Tbilisi 1997 weli;2. v. bagadurovi. Gamomcemloba moskovi 1937 weli.3. b. nikolaiSvili.qeTevani benturi96 97

Eeka gureSiZevokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblokvleviTi analizi(iohan sebastianBbaxi)Eiohan sebastian baxi daibada 1685 wlis 21 marts q.eizenaxSi- gardaicvala 1750 wlis 28 ivliss q. laifcigSi.germaneli kompozitori, orRanisti, mevioline, momRerali daqormaisteri. igi iyo musikaluri ojaxidan. 9 wlisa daobldada aRzarda ufrosma Zmam. 17 wlamde swavlobda q. ordufisliceumSi. daamTavra luneburskis skola (1702 w.). Semdegmsaxurobda vaimarSi meviolined. 1704-07 ww. saeklesioorRanistad muSaobda anStardSi da miulhauzenSi, 1708-07iyo karis orRanisti da kompozitori vaimarSi, sadac dawerasaklaviro da saorRano nawarmoebis umravlesoba. 1717-23wlebSi iyo ketenSi `saklaviro musikis direqtori~, sadacdawera kamerul-instrumentuli Txzulebebis umravlesoba.suitebi, koncerti `branderburguli~, sonatebi, suitebiviolinosa da violenCelosTvis, kargad temperirebuli klavirisI tomi. 1723 w. gadavida laifcigSi, sadac gardacvalebamdecxovrobda da qmnida Tavis Sedevrebs.Seqmnili aqvs: vokaluri nawarmoebebi, oratoriebi `maTesvnebani~, ìoanes vnebani~, samgloviaro oda, `magnifikati~(RmrTismSoblis sadidebeli), maRali mesa anu mesa h-moll, 320-ze meti sasuliero da saero kantata (SemorCenilia 200-mde), qoralebi, koncertebi orkestrisa da sxvadasxvainstrumentebisaTvis da a. S. sul 1000-mde nawarmoebi.baxi gansakuTrebuli fenomenia xelovnebaSi da maszeSesaniSnavad aqvs naTqvami did espanel violoncellists pablokazals: ìseTi didi movlena, rogoric aris baxi, xelovnebisarcerTma dargma ar icis~. baxis cnebaSi Cven vgulisxmobTara marto germaneli xalxis SemoqmedebiTi energiisgamoxatulebas, aramed im masStabsac, romelsac XVIII s-is Inaxevris kacobriobis azrovnebam miaRwia, saxeldobr musikalurxelovnebaSi.baxi Rrmad erovnuli movlenaa. igi agrZelebs germanelifilosofosebisa da ganmanaTleblebis – laibnicisa da kepleristradiciebs, XVIII s-is udidesi germaneli musikosebis: Sutcis,paxelberis, buqstehudes, matesonis da kenaus gzas. dRes Cvenbaxs aRviqvamT ufro farTod, rogorc zogadsakacobrio dazedroul movlenas. dRes ar moiZebneba musikosi, romelic arukravs an ar usmens baxs. Mmisi dabadebidan 300 wlis saiubileoTariRma kidev erTxel daadastura baxis geniis zemoqmedebisZala yvela imaTze, vinc cotad Tu bevrad exeba misi musikissamyaros. saocrebaa is, rom yoveli epoqa baxs miiCnevs Tavisiepoqis Tanamedroved.baxi agvirgvinebs barokos stils, magram igi ar eteva amstilis farglebSi da gzebs kafavs axali stilurimimarTulebis - klasicizmis, romantizmisa da realizmisaken.saukuneebi misdeven erTmaneTs, Taobebi icvlebian, baxis sidiadeki sul ufro izrdeba da yvela TaobisaTvis profesiuliostatobis umaRlesi etaloni xdeba.baxi Camoyalibda germanul niadagze, magram misi musikaluriTvalsawieri uaRresad FfarTo iyo. igi kargad icnobda frangi,ingliseli da espaneli musikosebis miRwevebs, im eTikur dahumanistur ideebs, rac moepoveboda Sua saukuneebisa darenesansis epoqas.baxis, rogorc musikosis Camoyalibebaze udidesi zegavlenamoaxdina orma sferom: saeklesio musikam da xalxurmaSemoqmedebam. baxi iyo WeSmariti protestanti. mTeli misisagvareulo musikasTan, gansakuTrebiT saeklesio musikasTaniyo dakavSirebuli. eklesiaSi man miiRo pirveli Zlierimusikaluri STabeWdilebebi, aq Camoyalibda igi rogorcpeofesionali, aq eziara germanuli kulturis iseT didmovlenas, rogoricaa protestantuli qorali, maRali sagundokultura da saorRano xelovneba. eklesiaSi daibada is sawyisebi,romlebic baxs warmogvidgenen filosofiurad moazrovnemusikosad. pasionebi, mesebi, saorRano qoraluri preludiebiTu pasakalia baxis protestantuli paTosis gamomxatveliJanrebia.98 99

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizibaxi Tavis movaleobas eklesiaSi asrulebda ara samsaxuris,aramed rwmenis gamo. man brwyinvaled icoda RvTismsaxurebistradiciebi, saeklesio ritualebi, biblia da saxareba orenaze - germanulsa da laTinurze. igi icavda eklesiis yvelawess: dResaswulebs, marxvas, aRsarebas. religiuri SegnebiTigi ekideboda ara marto saeklesio nawarmoebebis, aramedsaero qmnilebebis SeTxzvasac. yoveli nawarmoebis dasawyisSiis Cveulebisamebr mimarTavda TxovniT RmerTs da werda: ìesomiSvele~). dasasruls ki – “SDG” (Soli Dei Gloria - `mxolodufals madloba~).meore wyaroa xalxuri musika, romelTanac baxs mtkice damravalmxrivi kavSiri hqonda. mis musikaSi uxvad ismis xalxuriintonaciebi, sacekvao ritmebi. igi iyenebs ara mxolod germanul,aramed sxva xalxTa melodiebs, rogorc citatebis, isegadamuSavebuli saxiT.baxi udidesi polifonistia.Mman Tavisufali stilispolifonia umaRles safexurze aiyvana da daagvirgvinamravalsaukunovani polifoniuri stilis ganviTareba. baxi arisimitaciuri da kontrastuli polifoniis udidesi ostati.baxis polifoniaSi Zlieria linearuli sawyisis mniSvneloba.amave dros baxs didi wvlili Seaqvs polifoniuri stilisganviTarebaSi. baxi gardamaval epoqaSi cxovrobda, rodesaczRvari gaivlo Zvelsa da axal mxatvrul azrovnebas Soris.baxma waSala es zRvari da gakafa gzebi momavlisaken aramarto kompozitorul azrovnebaSi, aramed saSemsrulebloxelovnebaSic.baxis novatorul Ziebebze migviTiTebs is Janrebi, romlebsacigi mimarTavda mTeli cxovrebis manZilze. amasTan aRsaniSnavia,rom baxis SemoqmedebaSi ar SeiZleba saero da sasulieromusikis, didi da mcire formebis, vokaluri da instrumentulinawarmoebebis gancalkeveba. baxis stili mTliania, asevemonoliTuria mTeli misi Semoqmedeba. baxs axasiaTebs rogorcistoriuli epoqis, aseve sakuTari individualuri azrovnebistipiuri damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi.baxi muSaobda tradiciul JanrebSi, magram yovelTvis eZebdasiaxles. Tavad iyo axali Janrebis damkvidrebeli. mag: saklavirokoncertis.Bbaxi _ virtuozi, orRanisti da klavesinisti ufrodafasebuli iyo sicocxleSi, vidre kompozitori.Mmis stilsTanamedroveni axali stilis saero musikas amjobinebdnen,saeklesio musikoss, seriozul polifonists – ufro`mgrZnobiare stilis~ kompozitorebs.baxis Semoqmedebis sidiade pirvelad venis klasikosebmaigrZnes. beThovenma mas okeane uwoda, mocarti aRtacebaSimoiyvana misma fugam. 1829 wels 20 wlis mendelsonma pirveladSeasrula `maTes pasioni~ da germanelebs daanaxa misi sidiade,1850 wels ki Seiqmna `baxis sazogadoeba~, romelmac didiwvilili Seitana baxis nawarmoebebis moZieba-propagandaSi.baxi-kompozitori, baxi-orRanisti, baxi-klavesinisti, baxikapelmaisteri,baxi pedagogi. marTlac didia baxis moRvaweobismasStabi, Tumca igi damaxasiaTebeli iyo misi droismusikosisaTvis. 1am referatSi Cven gTavazobT baxis ariis vokalur-teqnikursaSemsruleblo-kvleviTanalizs.iohan sebastian baxi1. diapazoniSeufzer, Tranem, Kummer, Not.aria- locvaeka gureSiZe100 101

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizinawarmoebis SeswavlismeTodieka gureSiZesimReras viwyebT kulminaciuri adgilidan maRal tesituraSizemodan daRmavali terciuli moZraobiT qvemoT.gamoviyenoT vokalSi k. stanislavskis sqema, romelsacdidi saopero reJisori iyenebda speqtaklebze muSaobisas.2. teqsti- germanulitonaloba c-moll (do minori). zoma 12/8nawarmoebi dayofilia 3 nawilad.I nawilSi gvaqvs mxolod safortepiano Tanxleba, sadacgamovyofT mTavar Temas, romelic mTeli nawarmoebis manZilzemkveTrad gvesmis.II nawilSi safortepiano Tanxlebas ukve vokaluri partiacemateba da midis mTavari Temis damuSaveba.maRali bgerebis sworad simRerisas, sunTqvis aRebis dros,CarTuli gvaqvs diafragmis qveda kunTebi, rac gvexmarebamaRali bgeris siZliereSi da xmis sworad warmarTvaSi.Aucilebelia piris aparati iyos mowesrigebuli da poziciuradsworad warmarTuli (yba Tavisufali).am nawarmoebSi viyenebT mokle da xSir sunTqvas, radgangvxvdeba xSiri pauzebi da ar unda dagvaviwydes isic, rompauzebs aqvs didi mniSvneloba. pauzac nawarmoebis Semadgenelinawilia da mas aqvs iseTive datvirTva, rogorc TiToeulbgeras. aq daculi unda iyos artikulacia, radganac germanulenaze vasrulebT.nawarmoebis gacnobis Semdeg masze muSaobas viwyebT, rogorcvokalizze, vdiriJorobT, raTa sworad gavanawiloT Tvla.Semdeg vamatebT sityvebs da viwyebT fiqrs, Tu rogori xasiaTisaaes nawarmoebi. Seswavlis procesSi SegviZlia vcvaloT tempi.Uunda davakvirdeT yvela niuanss da mis maCvenebel sxvadasxvadamaxasiaTebel yvela niSans.roca ukve teqnikurad, Sinaarsobrivad da emociurad gveqnebagamarTuli da damuSavebuli nawarmoebi, gadavdivarT missrulyofil Sesrulebaze.II nawilis bolos musikaluri faqtura iTxovs sxva emocias,sxva registrs, sxva sunTqvas. aq sunTqvis dros ukve CarTuligvaqvs diafragmis Sua kunTebi (radgan sasimRero xazi dabaltesituraSi gvaqvs mocemuli). Semsrulebelma unda moaxdinossunTqvis regulacia-ganawileba registrebis mixedviT.III nawilSi ukve xdeba modulacia da gadavdivarT axaltonalobaSi. Mmelodiurad da teqstualurad sasimRero partiaiwyeba igive TemiT, rogorc meore nawilSi, im gansxvavebiT,rom aq gvaqvs sxva tonaloba. mTavari aqcentireba aris amsityvebze da Temaze mTeli nawarmoebis manZilze.102 103

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizieka gureSiZerogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, baxi saeklesio musikasemsaxureboda da iseve, rogorc sxva nawarmoebebSi, aseve amariaSi mkveTrad Cans saeklesio musikis gavlena da xasiaTi.am ariis Sesrulebisas unda SevecadoT nawarmoebs isemivudgeT, rogorc saeklesio sagalobels, radganac sasimReroteqstica da melodiuri Temac amaze metyvelebs. es yvelaferiki dagvexmareba am nawarmoebis xasiaTis sworad gadmocemaSi,rac kompozitorma dagvanaxa am ariaSi da gadmogvca.arCil CimakaZearCil CimakaZe TviTmyofadi figuraa Tanamedrove qarTulmusikaSi, mis nawarmoebebSi organulad da mxatvrulisrulyofilebiT gamoixata qarTuli erovnuli kulturis iseTiTvisebebi, rogoricaa epikuri sidiade da brZnuli optimizmi.arCil ivanes Ze CimakaZe daibada 1919 wels. musikaluriganaTleba Tbilisis konservatoriaSi miiRo, romelic 1946wels daamTavrda prof. a. balanCivaZis xelmZRvanelobiT (manamdeki 1940 wels daasrula Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetismaTematikis fakulteti). momdevno wlebSi a. CimakaZem gaiaraaspiranturis kursi moskovis konservatoriaSi prof. a.aleqsandrovis xelmZRvanelobiT (1948-1951). wlebis manZilzea. CimakaZe pedagogiur muSaobas eweoda Tbilisis # 9-esamusiko saswvlebelSi, sadac aswavlida Teoriul sagnebs dakompozicias, iyo #1 saswvleblis direqtori, xolo SemdegTbilisis operisa da baletis saxelmwifo Teatris direqtori.(1963-1967), saqarTvelos televiziasa da radios musikalurgadacemaTa samxatvro xelmZRvaneli, Tbilisis saxelmwifokonservatoriis kompoziciis kaTedris profesori. kompozitorsminiWebuli aqvs saxalxo artistis wodeba.a. CimakaZis TviTmyofi niWi pirvelad mTeli sisruliTgamovlinda oTxnawilian kantataSi `qarTlis guli~ (sopranos,gundisa da orkestrisaTvis, literaturuli teqsti m.abulaZisa) romelic 1959 wels daiwera. es aris erovnulivokalur-simfoniuri Janris naTeli nimuSi.nawarmoebis saukeTeso rekomendaciad gamodgeba d.SostakoviCis sityvebi kantatis pirveli Sesrulebis Semdeg:`niWiereba pirdapir Cqefs am kantataSi. mas ismen SeunelebeliinteresiT. gamomsaxveli da kolorituli melodiebi, mSvenieriharmonia, gundisa da orkestris originaluri da unarianigamoyeneba nawarmoebis Rrma Sinaarsianoba da ideuroba _yovelive es, iseve, rogorc Sinaarsisa da formis harmoniulierTianoba msmenels~ (àzri vostoka~, 1959w. 30 noemberi.).`qarTlis guli~ gmirul epikuri nawarmoebia. igi patriotulTemazea Seqmnili. masSi iSleba qarTveli xalxis istoriisdramatuli suraTebi (pirveli, meoTxe nawilebi) mkacri, gmirulida naTeli, lirikuli sawyisebi kantataSi sadResaswaulosaxeebTanaa Serwymuli.momdevno wlebSi a. CimakaZe muSaobs dramatul oratoriaze`vefxistyaosani~, Sesrulda misi ori nawili. warmateba xvdaerT nawilian formiT dasrulebul `prologs~ (mkiTxvelisSereuli gundisa da simfoniuri orkestrisaTvis), romlisfilosofiurad CaRrmavebul musikaSi kompozitori warmogviCensgenialuri poetisa da moazrovnis saxes. `prologis~ musikisepikuri sidiade organuladaa Serwymuli lirikul da dramatulmomentebTan.S. rusTavelis saiubiloe dReebSi Sesrulda agreTve`TinaTinis mefed kurTxeva~ amave oratoriidan.aRiareba moipoves a. CamakaZis romansebma, romelTa SorissaukeTsoa `nana~ (a. wereTlis sityvebze), `Seni dalalni~(baraTaSvilis sityvebze), `nino WavWavaZes~ (g. leoniZissityvebze), agreTve misma Zalzed saxovanma musikam S.rusTavelis da k. marjaniSvilis saxelobis dramatuliTeatrebis speqtaklebisaTvis (`baxtrioni~, àragvelebi~, `medea~,`firosmani~ da sxva). farTo popularoba moipova mismadidebulma `firosmanis simReram~. bolo wlebis mniSvnelovan104 105

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizinamuSevrad warmogvidgeba heroikuli musikaluri komedia `maiawyneTeli~ (v. kandelakis piesis mixedviT), romelic daidgaTbilisis v. abaSiZis saxelobis musikaluri komediis scenaze(1986). musika mkafiod gamoxatul qarTul erovnul sasimReroxasiaTs atarebs. maxvilgonivruladaa gadawyvetili piesiskomikur groteskuli epizodebi, ramac ganapiroba a. CimakaZismusikaluri komediis warmateba.vokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTianalizia. CimakaZe ìav-nana`teqsti a.wereTlisromansitonaloba: Gismoll (sol # minori)zoma: ¾tempi: Lentonawarmoebis Seswavlis meTodigacnoba nawarmoebissityva, teqsti, musikamTlianad Seswavla, damuSaveba1. iavnana, vardo nana, iavnani naogafunCulo axal norCo Sen pawawinaoagre tkbilad udardelad ram dagaZinaodedis mkerdSi migignia Sen tkbilibinao vardo nana2. gaivse da gaizarde patara mTvareoSeiswavle da Seitkbe samSoblo mxareoanugeSe sadac naxo moZme mwuxareoSvilo mamulis gulisTvis sisxlic daRvareo.eka gureSiZerogor unda vimuSaoT moswavlesTan da SevaswavloTnawarmoebi:pirvel rigSi vamowmebT mis smenas da musikalur monacemebs,aseve vakvirdebiT mis fsiqikas, metyvelebas, diqcias, xmistembrs. yovelive amis Semdeg gadavdivarT imaze, Tu rogorinawarmoebi unda SevurCioT da SevaswavloT mas.nawarmoebis Seswavlis dros Cven gvinda gamoviyenoT k.stanislavskis sqema, romelic ukve gamoiyena vokalSi Cemmapedagogma xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtorma, profesorma davokalis pedagogma Jana ToiZem.moswavles gavacnoT nawarmoebi mTlianad, raTa misTvisgasagebi gaxdes am nawarmoebis azri da Sinaarsi, Semdeg kiviwyebT ukve muSaobis process am nawarmoebze.vyofT nawarmoebs nawilebad da xmovnebze _ à, e, i, o, u~viwyebT simReras vokalizis saxiT. Semdeg gadavdivarT sunTqvisdamuSavebaze.aucilebelia moswavles gavacnoT sunTqvis ti pebi`sametyvelo sunTqvis TeoriaSi gamoyenebuli iyo terminebi:mxrebiT, mkerdiT, mucliT sunTqva.mkerdiT sunTqva sakamaTo iyo da aris. am dros xdebamxrebis aweva, rasac mosdevs kunTebis maRla aweva da esxels uSlis simReras.gul-mkerdiT sunTqva faqtiurad ar arsebobs, igi sunTqvisciklis dasawyisSia da S e s u n T q v i s fazasgulisxmobs.106 107

vokalur-teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizimuclis sunTqva yuradRebas amaxvilebs amosunTqvis drosmuclis kunTebis aqtiur moqmedebaze.SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mxrebiT sunTqvis garda, kargi xmiswarmoqmna SeiZleba sunTqvis yvelanairi tipis dros. xmiswarmosaqmnelad yvelaze efeqturia sunTqvis iseTi meTodi,romelic saWiro odenobis wnevas aviTarebs mberav iogeb qveS.~ 2vokalis didi pedagogi bagadurovi gviziarebs sunTqvisganawilebis process, rac erT-erTi mTavari faqtoria sasimReroxel o v neb a S i : дыхание. По этому надо научиться сберегать. 3es nawarmoebi dayofilia sam nawilad.pirvel nawilSi sasimRero partia iwyeba gardamavalibgerebiT, rac rTulia simReris dawyebisas. sunTqvis drosCarTuli gvaqvs diafragmis Sua kunTebi. simReris dasawyisSida aseve, xSirad, am nawarmoebSi gvxvdeba erTi da imave bgerisganmeorebisas sxvadasxva marcvali (xmovnebi da Tanxmovnebi).didi yuradReba eqceva diqcias da orToepias.vokalur teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT daculi unda iyossunTqvis ganawilebis procesi, radgan frazebi ise arisgadabmuli, rom iSviaTad gvxvdeba pauzebi. amitom vcdilobTiseT dros aviRoT sunTqva, rom ar davarRvioT melodiurixazi da amave dros yuradReba mivaqcioT sityvasac, rom arcam SemTxvevaSi davuSvaT Secdoma da sityva da fraza araswormarcvalze ar gavyoT. (SeumCneveli, msubuqi pauza)es romansi liriuli da amave dros patriotuli xasiaTisaa,datvirTulia bevri niuansiT. xSirad meordeba mTavari Tema.eka gureSiZeam nawarmoebs bevri damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba aqvs: pirvelrigSi is, rom teqsts aqvs didi datvirTva, rac ZiriTadad amnawarmoebis xasiaTs qmnis.meore nawili odnav aCqarebul tempSi iwyeba da aRmavalimoZraobiT (mp crecendo) TandaTan mivdivarT kulminaciamde.kulminaciis Semdeg SenarCunebulia igive xasiaTi da vrCebiTmaRal tesituraSi. nawarmoebis ganviTarebas yvelaze mkveTradam nawilSi vaRwevT.mesame nawili aris ganmeoreba pirveli nawilis, odnavsaxecvlili finaliT.v oka l u r i Tv a l s a zr i s i T kompozi tor i s m i ergaTvaliswinebulia tesitura, maRali bgeris aRebis procesi,radgan igi kargad flobda vokalur specifikas.calkeuli nawilebis Seswavlis Semdeg ukve vaerTebT amnawilebs Tanmimdevrulad da mTlian nawarmoebs ukve teqstTanerTd vamuSavebT. Tvals vadevnebT niuansebs da mis mixedviTgadavdivarT Sesrulebaze, sadac ukve xasiaTic gamokveTiliunda iyos. paralelurad unda gamoviyenoT vokalSi msaxiobisostatoba.moswavles vaZlevT davalebas da amocanas simRerasTanerTad ifiqros mis Sesrulebaze, gamoiyenos samsaxioboostatobis elementebi da amave dros ar daaviwydes teqnikuriamocanebis Sesruleba. igi ar unda iyos mxolod momRerali,unda iyos msaxiobic, raTa aRizardos momRerali msaxiobi anmsaxiobi momRerali.1. musikis enciklopediuri leqsikoni, redaqtori musikad mcodneprofesori gulbaT toraZe, gamomcemloba `Tbilisi~, 2007.2. qarTuli sasceno metyveleba, b.nikolaiSvili, gamomcemloba `ganaTleba`Tbilisi, 1979.3. В.А. Багадуров, Очерки по истории вокольной методологии, Част 3,Государственние музикальное издательство, Москва, 1937.108 109

nino sakandeliZevokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblokvleviTi analizilaRiZe revaz ilias Ze(10. 07. 1921 w. sof. baRdaTi, -16. 10. 1981 w, Tbilisi)qarTveli kompozitori, saq. sax.Aartisti (1961). 1939wels daamTvra Tbilisis IV samusiko saswavlebeli (violinosklasi). 1941-49 ukravda simf. orkestrSi. 1948 wels daamTavraTbilisis konservatoria (prof. a. balanCivaZis sakompozicioklasi). igi sxvadasxva Janris mus.Nnawarmoebebis avtoria.mas ekuTvnis opera ,,lela~ (1975), mus. komediebi `megobrebi~(1951) da `komble~ (1957), simf.Ppoema `samSoblosaTvis~ (1949).farTod cnobili simf. suraTi `saWidao~ (1952), ramdenimesagundo simRera – kantata (`saqarTvelo~, `balada vazze~,`melis varZia~, òda mesxeTs~, `himni quTaiss~, `moxeuri balada~da sxv.), saf. (cnobili `tokata~ da sxv.) da Celos (poemaèlegia~ da sxv.). piesebi, musika speqtaklebisa (sul 40-zemeti) da kinofilmebisaTvis (,,sabudareli Wabuki”, ,,nino”,,,zvigenis kbili”, ,,xevisberi goCa”, `xevsuruli balada~, `gangaSi~,`yvavili Tovlze~, `keTili adamianebi~, `glaxis naambobi~, `racginaxavs veRar naxav~ da sxv. sul 30-ze meti). gansakuTrebiTnayofierad muSaobda simReris JanrSi.Mmisi simRerebi gamoirCevaiSviaTi melodiuri gamomsaxvelobiT, ramac mas qarTveli xalxissiyvaruli moupova. `simRea Tbilisze~ saqarTvelos dedaqalaqismusikalur emblemad iqca, xolo simRera `Cemo kargo qveyana~80-90 ww. erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobis wlebSi –araoficialur himnad. qarTuli saopero musikis SesaniSnavinimuSia `lela~ (daidga TbilisSi, baTumSi, CexoslovakiaSi).r. laRiZe eweoda pedagogiur moRvaweobas. iyo sulxansaba-orbelianissax. Tbilisis pedagogiuri institutis musikiskaTedris gamge; 1964 wlidan konservatoriis pedagogi(kameruli ansambli). miniWebuli hqonda ssrk saxelmwifo(1977) da rusTavelis sax. Ppremiebi (1975). laRiZis saxeliminiWebuli hqonda amJamad gauqmebuli saq. teleradios simf.orkestrs. TbilisSi aris laRiZis saxelobis quCag. toraZe. 1r. laRiZe `lelas aria~ operidan `lela~r. laRiZis opera ,,lela” daidga 1975 welsaRsaniSnavia, rom `lelas aria~ Seasrula qarTuli estradismomReralma nani bregvaZem, rogorc saestrado simRera. me, esnawarmoebi Sevasrule Teatralur universitetSi IV kurszeda magistraturis misaReb gamocdaze ara rogorc aria, aramedrogorc saestrado simRera. saWiro gaxda nawarmoebistransponireba. Kkompozitorma igi sol maJorSi (G-dur) dawera,transponireba gakeTda do maJorSi (C-dur).Mmoswavlis mier nawarmoebis srulyofilad da uzadodSesruleba damokidebulia rogorc masze, aseve pedagogze.Mmoswavles (momRerals) aucileblad unda hqondes xma, smena,ritmis SegrZneba da ra Tqma unda, sasurvelia msaxioburimonacemic. Tu igi yovelive amiT Semkulia, maSin ukve pedagogzeadamokidebuli, Tu ramdenad gemovnebian, daxvewil momRerladCamoayalibebs mas. Ppedagogma unda gansazRvros mowafis xmistipi (romeli sopranoa), amis gaTvaliswinebiT SeurCios mastonaloba da miawodos iseTi masala, rom mowafes ar gauWirdesTavisuflad simRera anu mouZebnos mas primaruli toni.nawarmoebis safuZvlianad Seswavla, ra Tqma unda etapobrivadxdeba. amis kargi magaliTia k. stanislavskis sqema, romeliczustad migviTiTebs im etapebs, ra etapebic unda gaviaroTnawarmoebis Seswavlis procesSi _ saidan unda daviwyoT darogor SevkraT nawarmoebi.Ees sqema k. stanislavskim speqtaklzemuSaobisaTvis Seqmna, magram Cemma pedagogma, profesorma JanaToiZem gamoiyena vokalSi. 2110 111

vokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizik. stanislavskis sqema1 . viwro wre. nawarmoebi iyofa samnawilad. teqsti musikaluri, enobrivi(sasceno metyvelebis gaTvaliswinebiT)ritmi (diriJorobiT) solfejireba.musikaluri frazis SegrZneba, misistilis, niuansireba.2 . wre farTovdeba _ iswavlebanawarmoebis meore nawili. (igiveamocaniT da pirvel nawilTanSeerTebiT).3. zeamocana. ikvreba wre mTlianad_ rogorc speqtaklSi, mTlianadnawarmoebis gaazreba, misi stilis, teqnikur vokalursirTuleebis gadalaxva maT Soris maRali bgerebis ,,dayeneba”.diapazonis gafarToeba.r. laRiZis `lelas aria~ urTulesi nawarmoebia da sunTqvisswor ganawilebasa da xarjvas moiTxovs.nawarmoebis xasiaTi aris liriko-dramatuli, patriotuli.moswavlesTan muSaobis dros veyrdnobiT k. stanislavskissqemas. pirvel rigSi, mas Tavidan bolomde vacnobT (vasmeninebT)nawarmoebs, raTa gaverkvioT moswons Tu ara igi. moswavlemunda icodes vin aris am nawarmoebis avtori (kompozitori),teqstis avtori da unda gaecnos nawarmoebis xasiaTs.Aamis Semdeg, moswavles ecnoba nawarmoebis Sinaarss, anusityvas (man aucileblad unda gaiazros ras mReris). didiyuradReba eqceva teqnikas. teqnikaSi Sedis sasceno metyveleba,Tanxmovnebi. Tu momRerals Tanxmovnebi daekarga da Cavarda,igi teqstis Sinaarss ver miitans msmenelamde.Aaqedan gamomdinare,didi yuradReba unda mieqces Tanxmovnebs. Tu sascenometyvelebis teqnika da vokaluri teqnika ar aris Serwymuli,maSin moswavle ver Seasrulebs nawarmoebs srulyofilad.Semdeg etepze, nawarmoebs vyofT nawilebad.Mmoswavlesnawil-nawil vaswavliT da mas Semdeg, roca nawarmoebs Tavidanbolomde Seiswavlis, masTan erTad vmuSaobT Sesrulebazenino sakandeliZeanu imaze, rom es nawarmoebi iyos Tavidan bolomde erTiamosunTqviT namReri (ar iyos daCexili) Tavisi dasawyisiT,ganviTarebiTa da dasasruliT anu kulminaciiT.r. laRiZis aria `lela~, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT lirikodramatuli,patriotuli xasiaTisaa. es aris gmiri, patriotulisuliskveTebiT ganmsWvaluli qalis simRera, romelic umRerisTavis samSoblos, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebul rainds, Tavismiwa-wyals... es dramatuli simReraa, Tavidan bolomde didiemociiT datvirTuli da moiTxovs uzado Sesrulebas, rogorcvokalurad, ise msaxioburad. im SemTxvevaSi Tu momReralmaar ganicada is, rasac mReris, ver gadascems msmenels TavissaTqmels da Sesabamisad naklebad saintereso iqneba misinamReri. amitom simReris dros udidesi mniSvneloba eniWebamomRerlis Sinagan gancdebs. aucilebelia CavunergoT moswavles,rom TiToeuli warmoTqmuli sityva, winadadeba gaiTavisos,SeigrZnos, bolomde daixarjos.`lelas aria~ iyofa sam nawilad: dasawyisi, ganviTareba dakulminacia. tonaloba G-dur, zoma - 4/4. iwyeba mSvidad,auRelveblad (Andante cantabile).112 113

vokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizinino sakandeliZeI nawili (dasawyisi)II nawili (ganviTareba)rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, didi yuradReba eqceva Tanxmovnebs,kerZod, moswavleebs xSirad uWirT _ `r~, `l~, `n~ Tanxmovnebissworad warmoTqma, amitom saTanado yuradReba unda mieqcesmaT damuSavebas. I nawili SedarebiT mSvidia, dinji daauRelvebeli.Semdeg nawilSi nawarmoebis fraza TandaTan midiskulminaciisken da Txoulobs met emociur datvirTvas, vidredasawyisSi.ra Tqma unda saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces gardamavalbgerebs (re-d, mi-e, fa-f) amasTan, maTze muSaobis dros didisifrTxile gvmarTebs. imisTvis, rom moswavles ar gauWirdesam bgerebis aReba, saWiroa etapobrivi muSaoba. kerZod, sekundiTan terciiT qvemoT unda vamuSaoT da Semdeg nel-nela, TandaTan,SeparviT (ise rom man ar icodes ra bgeras iRebs) aviyvanoTsasurvel bgeramde.Ees imitom, rom man am bgerebis aRebisSiSi dasZlios. am nawarmoebSi gardamavali bgerebi xSiradgvxvdeba, gansakuTrebiT II nawilSi.unda aRiniSnos, rom II nawili ise ar aris emociuraddatvirTuli, rogroc III, daskvniTi nawili.114 115

vokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizinino sakandeliZeII nawilis Semdeg midis safortepiano faqtura, sakmaoddaZabuli, amaRelvebeli, TandaTan imatebs mRelvareba, tempi.Eessafortepiano faqtura amzadebs momRerals kulminaciisaTvismusikaTandaTan midis kresCendosaken da bolos, kulminaciuriakordis Semdeg `lelas aria~ aRwevs piks.III nawili (kuliminacia)miuxedavad imisa, rom kulminacia TiTqos Sua nawilSiunda yofiliyo, igi boloSi aRmoCndaes aris finaluri, daskvniTi nawili, emociurad daZabuli,datvirTuli, amitom aq sunTqvis sworad ganawileba erT-erTiumTavresi faqtoria. am SemTxvevaSi viyenebT diafragmatulsunTqvas! (косто-абдоминaльный тип дыхания). es im ti pissunTqvaa, sadac CarTulia diafragma, neknebi, kunTebi. imisSesaxeb, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs sunTqvis elementebsmomRerlisaTvis, mocemulia v. a. bagadurovis wignSi «Очеркипо истории вокальной методологии» 3 , sadac vkiTxulobT:«Основными качествами, которыми должен обладать начинающийпевец, помимо голоса, автор считает музыкальный слух, памятьи чувство ритма, а также известную артистическую жилку, котораядолжна быть даром природы. Работа над голосом требует, крометого, большого терпения и выдержки со стороны учасчегося. Толькопри етих условиях из него может выработаться артист-певец.Обращаясь к основным принципам теории, выдвигаемой проф.Сонки, мы прежде всего остановимся на дыхании, которое авторсчитает самым важным условием «Рациональной» постановкиголоса и хорошей фразировки, ссылаясь на известное положение,что «исскусство пения есть школа дыхания». В изложении авторомего теории он все время старается подвести научное обоснованиепод те принципы, на которых он строит свою теорию. Так и своемуучению о дыхании проф. Сонки предпосылает обстоятельныйанатомо-физиологический очерк, в котором обнаруживает длясвоего времени солидную научную подготовку. В конечном выводеавтор останавливается на диафрагматическом типе дыхания,«которое при более сильном вдыхании совмещается с боковымтипом», т. е. приходит к признанию необходимости применения впении косто-абдоминального типа дыхания».sunTqvis mniSvnelobis ara nakleb saintereso analizsakeTebs b. nikolaiSvili Tavis wignSi ,,qarTuli sascenometyveleba~: 4 `XIX saukunis bevri frangi mkvlevari yuradRebasgulmkerdis (zeda) sunTqvaze amaxvilebda. amis Semdeg cnobiligaxda inglisel mkvlevarTaAmuclis sunTqvis upiratesobisTeoria. icavdnen agreTve gulmkerdisa da muclis sunTqvistipebs Soris mdebare sunTqvis saxeobasac. am tipis sunTqvisupiratesoba imas emyareba, rom sametyvelo sunTqvis drosdidi mniSvneloba aqvs haeris didi raodenobiT SesunTqvas,rac Zalas hmatebs xmis warmoqmnas. am mizniT rekomendebuliiyo Rrma sunTqvis gamosamuSavebeli savarjiSoebi.sametyvelo sunTqvis TeoriaSi gamoyenebuli iyo terminebi:mxrebiT, mkerdiT, mucliT sunTqva. mxrebiT sunTqva yovelTvis116 117

vokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizinino sakandeliZesakamaTo iyo, vinaidan, rogorc SeniSnavdnen, am ti pis sunTqvisdris xdeba mxrebis aweva, rasac mosdevs muclis kunTebismaRla aweva, es ki xels uSlis Sua saZgidis kunTis efeqturmoqmedebas, ris gamoc ver xerxdeba simRerisa dametyvelebisaTvis sakmao haeris SesunTqva. gulmkerdiT sunTqvaTavisTavad ar arsebobs, igi ufro sunTqvis ciklis dasawyiss,SesunTqvis fazas gulisxmobs.Mmuclis sunTqva yuradRebasamaxvilebs amosunTqvis dros muclis kunTebis aqtiurmoqmedebaze. sadaoa agreTve am ti pis sunTqvis izolirebuladarseboba.gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom mniSvnelovania damokidebulebaSesunTquli haeris moculobasa da tonis JReradobas Soris.Ees ki gulisxmobs imas, rom Cveulebriv metyvelebas aresaWiroeba Rrmad sunTqva. tonis sisuste Sepirobebulia araimiT, TiTqos mis CamoyalibebaSi monawileobdes arasakmarisiraodenoba, aramed imiT, rom xmis warmoqmnis dros SesunTqulihaeris raodenoba sworad ar aris gamoyenebuli, (ganawilebuli).haeris wneva da moculoba gamudmebuli kontroliT undamimdinareobdes bgeraTa warmoTqmis dros, es aris sworedsametyvelo sunTqvis meqanizmis daniSnuleba. igivea vokalSi.sunTqvis kontroli mTeli rigi pirobebis dacviTxorcieldeba, sunTqvis kontroli niSnavs imis unars, romfiltvebi swrafad an nela mTlianad Seivsos haeriT; isunTqoswrafad an nela mocemuli mdgomareobis kvalobaze; SeaCerosunTqva da ganaaxlo sunTqvis procesi adre SesunTqulihaeris daukargavad; xmis warmoqmnisaTvis gamoiyeno CveulebrivisunTqva; isunTqo mSvidad da iseTi sixSiriT, rogorc teqstsan frazas Seefereba; isunTqo imgvarad, rom Rrma sunTqvasdaRliloba ar mohyves; ise gamoizogo sunTqva, rom misimaragi ar mogakldes; isunTqo ise bunebrivad dadaubrkoleblad, rom msmenelma ver SeniSnos sunTqva da misinakleboba~.yovelive amas didi yuradRebis miqceva da ra Tqma undaswori muSaoba sWirdeba pedagogis mxridan, radgan araswormuSaobas bevri momRerali savalalo Sedegamde miuyvania (mag.:xmis dakargva).Bbunebrivia, pedegogma unda imuSaosbgerazec.Bbgera ar unda iyos Ria, gaxsnili. igi unda iyosmomrgvalebuli. amisaTvis arsebobs specialuri savarjiSoebi,xmovnebi, romlebic gamRerebis, savarjiSoebis dros gamoiyenebada sakmaod efeqturia. Aaseve mniSvnelovania piris aparatisdayeneba _ yba ar unda iyos daWimuli simReris dros datuCebi arasasurvel (ulamazo) mdgomareobaSi. aucilebladaris gasaTvaliswinebeli is, rom simReris dros mxrebi dakunTebi ar iyos daZabuli.rodesac moswavle mocemul nawarmoebs Tavidan bolomdesafuZvlianad Seisisxlxorcebs, gaiTvaliswinebs yvela imfaqtors razec zemoT visaubret, amis Semdeg, profesionaluriTvalsazrisiT erT-erTi umTavresi da aucilebeli momentiaam yvelafris artistulad Sesruleba. Tu momRerals Tavadaqvs gaTavisebuli yoveli bgera, fraza, sityva, amosunTqva daa. S. maSin bevrad saintereso iqneba misi namReri msmenelisaTvis.Tu gsurs, msmenelSi emocia aRZra, maSin Sen Tavad undaganicado pirvelma, rom msmenelsac gadasdo Seni ganwyoba damasac ganacdevino SenTan erTad.am kondiciamde rom mivideT da yovelive es SevZloT, amassWirdeba maRali profesionalizmi, rac dauRalavi SromiTada ZiebT modis.da bolos, rac mTavaria, sasimRero stili ar unda daikargosda ar unda gadavides ,,Slagerul~ simReraSi.Mmoswavles romganuviTaro gemovneba, Tavad unda iyo gemovnebiani da urCiomas, Tu rogor musikas usminos da ra ufro sargeblobismomtani iqneba misTvis profesionaluri TvalsazrisiT.yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom klasikuri musika Zalianxvews gemovnebas.1. g. toraZe. r. laRiZis avtobiografia.2. J. ToiZe. avtoreferati `Tanamedrove qarTuli saopero reJisurada momRerali_ msaxiobis aRzrdis problemebi XX saukunis damlevs”,Tbilisi 1997 w.3. В. А. Багадуров - «Очерки по истории вокальной методологии» частьIII, муз. издательство Москва 1937, стр. 164.4. b. nikolaiSvili. `,qarTuli sasceno metyveleba”, gamomcemloba`ganaTleba”, Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 62. (sunTqvis tipebi)118 119

maia xaWapuriZevokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblokvleviTi analizirevaz laRiZe - romansi siyvarulzediapazoni(revaz laRiZe `simRera siyvarulze~, melitonbalanCivaZe `ciras pirveli nana ~)revaz laRiZeqarTveli kompozitori revaz laRiZe daibada sofel baRdaTSi1921 wlis 10 ivliss. saqarTvelos saxalxo artisti gaxda1961 wels. daamTavra Tbilisis me-4 musikaluri saswavlebeli(samusiko klasi), ukravda simfoniur orkestrSi. 1948 welsdaamTavra Tbilisis konservatoria (profesor, m. balanCivaZisklasi). aris sxvadasxva Janris musikaluri nawarmoebebisavtori. ekuTvnis opera `lela~ (1975 w.), musikaluri komediebi:`megobrebi~ (1951 w.) da `komble` (1977 w.), simfoniuri poema`samSoblosaTvis~ (1949 w.) farTod cnobili simfoniurisuraTi `saWidao~ (1959 w.), ramodenime sagundo simRera, 40-ze meti musika aqvs Seqmnili, aseve kinofilmebisaTvis(`sabudareli Wabuki~, `nino~, `xevisberi goCa~, `xevsurulibalada~, `yvavili Tovlze~, `glaxis naambobi~ da sxva.).gansakuTrebiT nayofierad muSaobda simReris JanrSi. misisimRerebi gamoirCeva iSviaTi melodiuri gamomsaxvelobiT, ramacmas qarTveli xalxis siyvaruli moupova. misi simRera `simReraTbilisze~, saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis musikalur emblemad iqca,`Cemo kargo qveyana~ _ 80-90-ian wlebSi araoficialurhimnad.r. laRiZe eweoda pedagogiur moRvaweobas: iyo s.s. orbelianissaxelobis, Tbilisis pedagogiuri institutis musikis kaTedrisgamge. aseve konservatoriis pedagogi (kameruli ansambli).miniWebuli hqonda ssrk saxelmwifo (1977 w.) da rusTavelissaxelobis premiebi (1975 w).r. laRiZis saxeli aqvs miniWebuli saqarTvelos teleradiossimfoniur orkestrs, quCas TbilisSi.nawarmoebis Seswavlis wesivokalSi viyenebT k.stanislavskis sqemas,romelsac didi saopero reJisori iyenebda speqtaklebzemuSaobisas.teqsti: l. Wubabriaxigacnoba nawarmoebissityva , teqsti, musika.mTlianad Seswavlasiyvarulo Sen maisis niavi xar saamuriSen vardi xar maisisa, dilis sxivSi danamuliSen zeca xar SuqiT savse da zrvauri tkbili nanaar arsebobs qveyanaze netareba SenisTanaSeniT xarobs SeniT galobsSeniT dardobs Cemi gulira tkbilia ra saamosicocxle da siyvrulisavaldebuloa rom davicvaT qarTuli enis specifika.simReris dros, yoveli sityvis Tanxmovnebi, xmovnebi unda120 121

vokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analiziiyos mkveTrad warmoTqmuli. frazebi intonaciurad zustadnamReri.magaliTad: sityvaSi _ `siyvarulo~ _ `l` unda iyosmagari, `xar~ - `r~ magari, `Sen~ - `n~ magari, è~- momrgvalebuli,sityvaSi `maisiss~ _ `s~ bgera unda iyos magari.Tonaloba _ As dur (la bemol maJori)tempi _ andante cantabilezoma _ 3/4 (sami meoTxedi)nawarmoebSi sasimRero fraza iwyeba dabal registrSi,Semdgom viTardeba da gadadis maRal registrSi intervaliT_ oqtava.xolo Semdeg ki melodiuri xazi viTardeba gamiseburadaRmavali da daRmavali moZraobebiT.mTavari Tema meordeba ramodenimejer, rogorc dasawyisSiaseve finalSi. Sua nawilSi mTavari Tema nel-nela viTardeba(crecendo- ze)- kulminaciamde, sadac gvxvdeba am nawarmoebSiyvelaze maRali bgera.nawarmoebis Sua nawils vasrulebT daRmavali moZraobebiT(diminoendo) da am moZraobasTan erTad TandaTan vasrulebT P-mde. finalis dasawyisSi sasimReo melodiaSi gvxvdeba xangrZlivipauzebi.rogorc mTlianad nawarmoebi aseve finali davyaviT pataranawilebad: Sesavali, Sua nawili da finali.pauzis Semdeg vagrZelebT sasimRero melodias, romelickvlav intervaliT seqstazze naxtomiT iwyeba da TandaTanviTardeba maRal registrSi, sadac nawarmoebis dasasruls,finalSi, kulminaciuri bgeramde mivdivarT da es nawarmoebisruldeba yvelaze maRali bgeriT, romelsac TandaTan crecedo-Ti vaZlierebT F-mde da fermatoTi gviWiravs dasrulebamde.am nawarmoebSi simReris dros viyenebT sxvadasxva saxissunTqvas, vsunTqavT diafragmiT. dabal bgerebze gvaqvs CarTulimuclis Sua kunTebi, xolo roca viRebT maRal bgerebs CarTuligvqvs muclis qvemo kunTebi. aseve simReris dros didi yuradRebaeqceva da aucilebelia sunTqvis sworad anu zomieradganawileba.yovel sasimRero nawarmoebSi didi yuradReba eqceva, rogorcmelodiur xazs, aseve sityvasac. sityva unda iyos `qmediTi~,rac gvexmareba xasiaTis moZebnaSi da saSualeba gveZlevagadmovceT azri, gancda, romelic gasagebi unda iyosmayureblisaTvis.es klasikuri romansi, liriuli da amave dros xalisianixasiaTisaa, mcire ganviTarebebiT, nawarmoebSi musika da teqstiSerwymulia erTmaneTTan da aris emociuri, Tbili, liriuli.nawarmoebis Seswavlas viwyebT vokalizis saxiT e.i.usityvoT vasrulebT sasimRero xazs romelime xmovanisgamoyenebiT. roca zustad SeviswavliT, TiToeul bgerasgaviTavisebT, daveuflebiT teqnikur sirTuleebs, maSin vamatebTteqsts da niuansebs. veuflebiT nawarmoebs ukve mTlianad daSesrulebisas viyenebT samsaxiobo ostatobis codnas.meliton balanCivaZemaia xaWapuriZeqarTveli kompozitori da sazogado moRvawe, saqarTvelossaxalxo artisti (1933 w.) balanCivaZe meliton antonis-Zedaibada 1869 wlis 94 dekembers, sofel banojaSi (wyaltubosraioni). igi 1880 wels f. qoriZem miiwvia Tbilisis operis122 123

vokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizigundSi, sadac man Seasrula solo partiebi: `faustSi~ _valentini, èvgeni oneginSi~ _ zarecki. 1889 wels manCamoayaliba qarTuli xalxuri simReris gundi. 1883 welsgaimarTa koncerti, rac iyo qarTuli xalxuri simRerebissajarod Sesrulebis pirveli SemTxveva. man f. qoriZesTanerTad mTeli saqarTvelo moiara qarTuli xalxuri simRerisada galobis Seswavlisa da Caweris mizniT.1889-95 wlebSi meliton balanCivaZe peterburgiskonservatoriaSi jer vokals eufleboda, Semdeg kikonservatoriis direqtoris a. rubinSteinis rCeviT kompoziciisklasSi gadavida n. rimski-korsakovTan. man dasabami miscaqarTuli musikis or umTavres Janrs: romanssa da operas. mismier Seqmnili sami romansi: `rodesac gicqer~, `Sen getrfimarad~ da `nana Svilo~ qarTuli kameruli vokaluri lirikispirveli klasikuri nimuSebia. igi 98 wels ruseTSi moRvaweobda,riTic xeli Seuwyo qarTuli musikis gavrcelebasa dapropagandas. 1917 wels meliton balanCivaZe brundebasaqarTveloSi, sadac igi aarsebs quTaisisa da baTumis samusikosaswavleblebs. ukanasknel wlebSi quTaisis samusikosaswavleblis direqtorad muSaobda. 1996 wels Tbilisissaopero TeatrSi daidga balanCivaZis opera `Tamar cbieri~,(libreto k. focxveraSvilis).balanCivaZis sxva nawarmoebebidan aRsaniSnavia kantata`dideba zahess~, `studentebis simRera~ qal-vaJTa gundisaTvis,`qarTuli erovnuli marSi~ simforniuri orkestrisaTvis dasxva. misi Svilebia andria balanCivaZe da gamoCenili amerikelibaletmeisteri jorj (giorgi) balanCini.vokalur teqnikuri saSemsruleblo kvleviTianalizidiapazoninawarmoebis gacnobanawarmoebis Seswavlis meTodisityva, teqsti, musikiamaia xaWapuriZemTlianad Seswavla, damuSavebavokalSi gamoviyenoT k.stanislavskis sqemateqsti qarTuli:pirvelive gakveTilze, roca moswavlesTan viwyebT muSaobas,vamowmebT smenas da vaxdenT dakvirvebas mis fsiqikaze , radgangaviTvaliswinoT misi xasiaTi. rogori aqvs riTmis SegrZneba,124 125

vokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizixmis tembri, diapazoni, xolo Semdeg ki varCevT misi xmisa damonacemebis Sesabamisad, Sesaferis nawarmoebs. Tavidanve undavecadoT, rom avarCioT SedarebiT martivi radganmoswavlisaTvis advili gaxdes nawarmoebis Seswavla.meliton balanCivaZis `ciras pirveli nana~tonaloba: G dur – (sol maJori)zoma: 9/4tempi: allegretto greziozoes nawarmoebi xasiaTis mixedviT liriulic da amave droshaerovnad moZravi melodiaa. forma aris kupleturi, nawarmoebsvyofT sam nawilad. pirevli nawili iwyeba gardamavalibgerebiT.gvxvdeba xSiri moZraoba daRmavali da aRmavali svliT.xSirad icvleba tempi da niuansebi, aris iseTi frazebi, sadacmocemulia legatoebi da am dros sunTqva aris farTe. radgantesitura xSirad icvleba, Sesabamisad sunTqvis drostesituris mixedviT vrTavT kunTebsac. Tu gvaqvs maRalibgerebi am dros aucilebelia rom CavrToT diafragmis qvedakunTebi da Tu CamovdivarT dabal tesituraSi, maSin ki CarTuligvaqvs diafragmis Sua kunTebi.maia xaWapuriZedros xdeba mxrebis aweva, rasac mosdevs muclis kunTebismaRla aweva, es ki xels uSlis SuasaZgidis kunTis efeqturmoqmedebas, ris gamo ver xerxdeba simRerisa da metyvelebisaTvissakmao haeris SesunTqva. gulmkerdiT sunTqva TavisTavad ararsebobs, igi ufro sunTqvis ciklis dasawyiss, SesunTqvisfazas, gilusxmobs. muclis sunTqva yuradRebas amaxvilebsamosunTqvis dros muclis kunTebis aqtiur moqmedebaze. sadaoaagreTve am tipis sunTqvis izorilebulad arseboba.amJamad sametyvelo sunTqvis TeoremaSi gavrcelebuliaaseTi azriT: adamians aqvs efekturi da sakmao siZlieris xma,ara aqvs mniSvneloba imas, Tu metyvelebis dros rogor sunTqavs.ara aris aucilebeli Cveulebrivi sunTqvis Secvla xangrZlivisunTqvis im SmeTxvevaSi, Tu Cveulebrivi sunTqvis drosSesunTquli haeri sakmarisia xmis warmoqmnisaTvis. am mxrivSeiZleba gamonaklisi iyos sasimRero da ara sametyvelosunTqva.“Обращаясь к основным принципам теории, выдвигаемойпроф. Сонки, мы прежде всего остановимся на дыхании, котороеавтор считает самым важным условием .Постановки голоса и хорошей фразировки, ссылаясй наизвестное положение, что . В изложении автором его теории он все время стараетсяподвести научное обоснование под те принципы, на которих онстроит свою теорию. Так и своему учению о дыхании проф, сонкипредпосылает обстоятедьный анатосвоего времени солиднуюнаучную подготовку. В конечном выводе автор остонавливаетсяsunTqvis ti pebimoswavles SevaswavliT agreTve sunTqvis tipebs, rom misTvisufro gasagebigaxdes codna imisa, rom kargad daeuflossunTqvis formas.sametyvelo sunTqvis TeoriaSi gamoyenebuli iyo terminebi:mxrebiT, mkerdiT, mucliT sunTqva. mxrebiT sunTqva yovelTvissakamaTo iyo, vinaidan rogorc SeniSnavdnen, am ti pis sunTqvisна диафрагматическом типе дыхания, , т.е. приходитк признанию необходимости применения в рении костоабдоминальноготипа дыхания.126 127

vokalur-teqnikuri-saSemsruleblo kvleviTi analizipirveli nawili mTavrdeba dabal tesituraSi, SemdeggadavdivarT Sua nawilze sadac aris gansxvavebuli melodia.Sua nawili iwyeba gabmuli treliT da tempic icvleba.amave dros es nawili aris kulminacia, romelic ramodenimetaqtis manZilze muSavdeba patar-patara melizmebiT da TandaTanam nawilis bolos mivdivarT yvelaze maRal bgerasTan.da bolo nawili finali, sadac nawyvet-nawyvet aris pirvelinawilis melodiuri xazi warmoCenili (mTavari Tema).maia xaWapuriZefinalis bolo taqtebi Zalian sainteresoa da nawarmoebimetad originalurad mTavrdeba, naxtomiT oqtavaze da amavedros P-ze sruldeba, rac Zalian rTuli Sesasrulebeliamoswavles roca nawarmoebs Tavidan bolomde gavacnobTda movasmeninebT, Semdeg SevaswavliT calkeul nawilebs,davamuSavebinebT xmovnebs, vamuSavebT TiToel bgeras, rom ariyos yba moWerili, aparati unda iyos Tavisufali dapoziciurad swori. amave dros ar unda iyos Ria, yelis mierida cxviris mieri bgerebi. gansakuTrebiT vmuSaobT im urTulesnawilze sadac treli da melizmebi gvxvdeba, radgan es yvelazerTulia damwyebi momRerlisaTvis.roca ukve miRweuli iqneba da damuSavebuli calkeulinawilebi, Semdeg gavaerTianebT da mTlian nawarmoebiserTianobaSi moyvanaze vizrunebT. bolos ki SevmatebT ferebs,amave dros samsaxiobo ostatobis elementebs da SevecdebiTmsmenelamde mivitanoT ise, rom misTvis kargad aRsaqmeli damosasmeni gaxdes nawarmoebi.am nawarmoebis Seswavlisas Cven gvexmareba k.stanislavskissqema, rac ukve vokalSi gamoiyena vokalis pedagogma, JanaToiZem da am sqemis mixedviT advilad SevZlebT SevaswavloTnawarmoebi moswavles.aq ukve vinarCunebT nawarmoebis pirevli nawilis xasiTs.melodiuri xazi Zalian lamazi da mgrZnobiarea, amavedros aris ìav-nana~, rac teqstidan gamomdinare kargad Cans.1. musikis enciklopediuri leqsikoni, redaqtori musikad mcodneprofesori gulbaT toraZe, gamomcemloba `Tbilisi~, 9007.2. qarTuli sasceno metyveleba, b.nikolaiSvili, gamomcemloba `ganaTleba~,Tbilisi, 1979.3. В.А. Багадуров, Очерки по истории вокольной методологии, Част 3,Государственние музикальное издательство, Москва, 1937.128 129

avtorTa Sesaxebmanana turiaSvili _ xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtorisaqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifouniversitetis asistent-profesori.daamTavra amave universitetis Teatrmcodneobis fakulteti.sxvadasxva dros muSaobda kote marjaniSvilis saxelmwifo dramatulTeatris muzeumSi; aseeve kote marjaniSvilis saxl-muzeumis eqspoziciisistoriuli da Teoriuli nawilis teqstis damuSaveba-Seswavlaze.Aaris avtoris wignebisa: ‘mixeil TumaniSvilis Ziebebi kinomsaxiobTaTeatrSi~; ‘mixeil TumaniSvilis Ziebebi fantaziisa da warmosaxvissferoSi.~gamoqveynebuli aqvs 50-mde recenzia, portreti, interviu Tbilisissxvadasxva Jurnal-gazeTebSi: ‘literaturuli saqarTvelo~, ‘Teatralurimoambe~, ‘sabWoTa xelovneba~, ‘xelovneba~, ‘arili~, ‘axali Taoba~,‘saqarTvelos respublika~, ‘omega~.tel: +995 (32) 98 43 03Tamar cagareli - daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetimTargmnelobiTi fakulteti (inglisuri) da SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisada kinos universitetis TeatrmcodneobiTi fakulteti.igi iyo wamyvani mecnier-TanamSromeli SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa dakinos universitetis samecniero seqtorze. igi muSaobs Teatrisistoriasa da kritikaSi. aris SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinosuniversitetis reqtoris TanaSemwe.Targnili aqvs ramodenime wigni. aris avtori 10 samecniero statiisada 150 sagazeTo statiisa.aris SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos universitetis doqtoranti,xelmZRvaneli: profesori levan xeTaguri. muSaobs Temaze ~Teatriskvleva anTropologiuri TvalsazrisiT~2003 wlidan aris mozardTa saxlis qselis wevri (a.S.S). koordinatorikreatiuli programisa “Cven yvelas SegviZlia~Tel: + 995(32) 99 94 11E-mail:tamaratsagareli@gmail.comE-mail:tamaratsagareli@yahoo.comroland (mixo) boraSvili _ reJisori, msaxiobi.saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos universitetisasocirebuli profesori.daamTavra leningradis Teatris, musikisa da kinematografiis saxelmwifoinstitutis reJisuris fakulteti (i. karasikis saxelosno).sxvadasxva dros muSaobda kompania ‘qarTul telefilmSi~ jerkinoreJisoris asistentad, Semdeg – kinoreJisorad. iyo rogorckompaniis samxatvro sabWos wevri, aseve dokumenturi filmebisganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli.1995 wlidan aris saqarTvelos kinematografistTa kavSiris wevri,2007 wlidan _ gamgeobis wevri.pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweva saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisada kinos saxelmwifo universitetSi. xelmZRvanelobs mxatvrulikinos reJisuris saxelosnos. aris universitetis akademiuri sabWoswevri.gadaRebulia ramdenime mxatvrul filmSi.aris 35 dokumenturi da 2 srulmetraJiani mxatvruli filmisreJisori.mis mier gadaRebuli filmebi dajildoebulia araerTi saerTaSorisopriziT.2008 wels mieniWa Rirsebis ordeni kinoxelovnebaSi SetaniliwvlilisTvis.tel: + 995 (32) 90 72, +995 (99) 94 90 72.nino mxeiZe _ xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, kinomcodne.saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifouniversitetis asocirebuli profesori, warmomadgenlobiTi sabWosTavmjdomare.amave universitetis pedagogi da mecnierTanamSromeli, kiTxulobsdisciplinebs: qarTuli kinos istoriis vrceli da mokle kursi,satelevizio xelovneba.aris saqarTvelos kinematografistTa kavSiris wevri, 1998-2006 wlebSigamgeobis wevri. 1998-99 ww. telekompania ‘iberia~, saavtoro gadacemebis“atalanta” (msoflio kinos Sedevrebi) da ‘qarTuli kino-90wlisa~wamyvani (2001-2002 ww.); telekompania me-9 arxis programebis mTavariredaqtori (2002-2004 ww.); telekompania ‘imedi~ gadacema ‘erTxelholivudSi~ avtori; redaqtori da erT-erTi damfuZnebeli gazeTebisa:‘sarkmeli~ (1992 w.), ‘kultura~ (2005 w.-dan dRemde).sxvadasxva dros miRebuli aqvs monawileoba: bolSevos, biWvinTis,iurmalis, lvovis saerTaSoriso konfereciebSi. 1991w. aSS-leqciebiqarTul kinoze bostonsa da vaSingtonSi. 2007wlis 5-12seqtemberiCILECT-filmemebis skolis internacionaluri asociaciis Sekrebakonferenciaq. amsterdamSi.130 131

ibeWdeba Jurnal-gazeTebSi, aris erT-erTi avtori damxmaresaxelmZRvanelosi: qarTveli kinoreJisorebi - narkvevebis krebuli, 1-2 naw. 2005-07 ww.tel.: +995 (95) 30 50 16TinaTin Wabukiani _ reJisori.saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifouniversitetis asocirebuli profesori,sxvadasxva dros muSaobda saqarTvelos televiziaSi (I arxi) _ jersatelevizio TeatrSi, Semdeg musikalur redaqciaSi, damdgmelreJisorad; aseve sabavSvo programebis mTavar reJisorad.misi sadisertacio Temaa: ‘sabavSvo telemauwyeblobis sazogadoebrividaniSnuleba da esTetikuri Taviseburebani~ (qarTuli teleproeqtebismixedviT).amJamad muSaobs Temaze: ‘montaJis struqturuli Semadgenloba~.tel: + 995 (99) 94 47 00iuri mRebriSvili _ filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori.SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos universitetis profesori,doqtori.miyavs samagistro kursi ‘Tanamedrove menejmenti kulturasa daxelovnebaSi~. ganxorcielebuli aqvs bevri proeqti xelovnebis sferoSi.Pperiodulad mowveviT atarebs Treining programebs menejmentSisaqarTveloSi da sazRvargareT.tel.: +995 (32) 93 64 08rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetSi,aseve q. kievis, q. lvovis konservatoriebSi.aris 40-ze meti publikaciis avtori.tel: + 995 (32) 93 27 74gvanca Rvinjilia _ xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtoriTbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoriismusikis Teoriis fakultetis asistent-profesori, SoTa rusTavelissaxelobis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetis pedagogi,kiTxulobs kursebs: qarTuli musikis istoria, msoflio musikisistoria, vokaluri xelovneba. Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobissaxelmwifo konservatoriis asistent-profesori, Tbilisis operisada baletis saxelmwifo Teatris PR menejeri, monawileobs respublikurda saerTaSiriso konferenciebSi, gamoqveynebuli aqvs 40- mde samecnieroSroma. samecniero interesebis sfero moicavs qarTuli musikis dasasuliero musikis sakiTxebs.tel.: +995 (99) 65 20 60Jana ToiZe – xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, profesori.SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifouniversitetis samagistro programis: ‘volakur-teqniukrisaSemsruleblokvleviTi analizis~ xelmZRvaneli.daamTavra saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatraluri institutisdramis fakulteti musikaluri disciplinebis kaTedraze; saqarTvelosvano saraJiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoriis aspirantura;kvalifikacia gaiara sankt peterburgis rimski korsakovis saxelobiskonservatoriaSi.sxvadasxva dros Catarebuli aqvs Ria gakveTilebi Tbilisis, quTaisis,sankt peterburgis, sverdovskis, odesis, moskovis konservatoriebSi.miRebuli aqvs monawileoba vokalur samecniero konferenciebSi rogorcTbilisis vano saraJiSvilis saxelmwifo konservatoriasa da SoTa132 133

THEATRE STUDIESManana Turiashviliwork. A lot of performances were expected to be staged at “IndependentTheatre”, but only five performances were actually realized.REASONS BEHIND CREATION AND DISINTEGRATION OF“INDEPENDENT THEATRE”(Part I)SummaryFrom 1910 to 1913 at Moscow Drama Theatre Kote Marjanishvili has workedon five performances only, staged them twice in another theatre first in Moscowand then in Tbilisi. Kote Marjanishvili was not satisfied with the pace of theMoscow Drama Theatre, could not get used to the constant control, did notfind himself a place as a director and finally left it for good.In the spring of 1913 Kote Marjanishvili started working on creation of“Independent Theatre”. He tried himself in every genre: Drama, Operetta,Tragedy, Mime drama and wanted to create a theatre by unifying all thesegenres, a theatre where opera could be complemented by pantomime, dramaby operetta – in other words he wanted to create a synthetic theatre, whereactors would sing, act, dance and be mimes as well. Millionaire V. P.Sukhodolski - husband of Marjanishvili’s relative Elene Chavchavadze financedthe theatre and gave away huge amount of money for the process of itsformation hoping he would soon cover the expenditure and gain an income.During formation of “Independent Theatre” Kote Marjanishvili traveled allover Europe and became very well acquainted with theatre art scene there. Hewanted to invite the best directors. In Europe Kote Marjanishvili also studiedthe newest stage achievements. 200.000 rubles in gold were spent on theremake of Shchukin’s “Ermitage” theatre. At that time this sum of money wasenough to build a new theatre.“Independent Theatre” company consisted of opera singers, drama actors, abig choir, ballet, technical staff and etc. One of the reasons the theatre fellapart was the issue of employing and financing of all these people. KoteMarjanishvili laid out an inner set of rules for “Independent Theatre” withstrict requirements. There was a cozy atmosphere in theatre foyer and audiencehall, where aromatic water was spritzed around just before the start of theperformance. Spectators would arrive early just to see the curtain painted byK. Somov, who was paid 15.000 Russian rubles by V. P. Sukhodolski for his artABOUT AUTHORArt History PH.DAssistant Professor of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University. Shehas graduated from faculty of theatre studies of she same university.In various time periods she has worked in the museum of KoteMatjanishvili Theatre as well as on study of the text of historic andtheoretic section of exposition in Kote Marjanishvili museum.She is the author of the books: “Mikheil Tumanishvili’s search in filmactors’ theatre”; “Mikheil Tumanishvili’s search in the field of fantasy andimagination”. She has published about 50 works, profiles, interviews invarious newspapers and magazines of Tbilisi: “Literaturuli Sakartvelo”,“Teatraluri Moambe”, “Sabchota Khelovneba”, “Khelovneba”, “Arili”,“Akhali Taoba”, “Sakartwelos Respublika”, “Omega”, “Art science studies”Tel.: +995 (32) 98 43 03THEATRE’S STUDY BY ANTROPOLOGY METHODSummaryTamar TsagareliTheatre Anthropology is the study of the pre-expressive scenic behaviourwhich lies at the base of different genres, roles and personal or collectivetraditions.In an organised performance situation the performer’s physical and mentalpresence is modelled according to principles which are different from thoseapplied in daily life. This extra-daily use of the body-mind is what is calledtechnique.The performer’s different techniques can be conscious and codified or elseunconscious but implicit in the use and repetition of a scenic practice.Transcultural analysis shows that it is possible to distinguish recurringprinciples in these techniques. The recurring principles, when applied to certainphysiological factors - weight, balance, the position of the spinal column, thedirection of the eyes in space - produce physical, pre-expressive tensions.These new tensions generate a different energy quality, they render the bodytheatrically “decided”, “alive”, “believable” and manifest the performer’s134 135

“presence”, or scenic bios, attracting the spectator’s attention before anyform of message is transmitted. This, of course, is a matter of a logical, and notchronological before.Knowledge of the pre-expressive principles which govern the scenic bios canmake it possible for one to learn to learn.Performance study has tended to prioritise theories and utopian ideas,neglecting the empirical approach. Theatre Anthropology directs its attentionto this empirical territory in order to trace a path between the differenttechniques, aesthetics, genres and specialisations that deal with stage practice.It does not seek to fuse, accumulate or catalogue acting techniques. It seeksthe elementary: the technique of techniques. On the one hand this is utopia.On the other, it is another way of saying learning to learn.ABOUT AUTHORShe graduated from Tbilisi State University and from Shota Rustaveli Theatreand Film University, Faculty of Theatre Studies.She was a leading science – worker of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and FilmUniversity’s scientific research center, theatre historian.She Works in theatre history and criticism. She is an assistant of ShotaRustaveli Theatre and Film University’s rector.She has translated of some books; she is the author of about 10 scientificworks and 150 reviews.She is a Doctorate student of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University.Program Leader– PHD- Levan Khetaguri. She works on the problems ofAnthropology study of theatre.Since 2003 Member of Youth house network. She gained grant from “Youthhouse”(USA). She is a coordinator of the program of “All kind of mind”..Tel: + 995(32) 99 94 11E-mail:tamaratsagareli@gmail.comE-mail:tamaratsagareli@yahoo.comFILM STUDIESRoland (Mikho) BorashviliCONCEPTION OF EDITING BY L. KULESHOVSummaryEditing is one of the most peculiar components of screen art. It has the powerto make time stand still, make it run fast or slow, skip a day, year, century.On one hand editing is a principal method of world perception and on theother – editing is a constant reflection of director’s will: depict the world froma certain corner and in a certain conflict.There are basic laws of editing theory that are based on actual practice.“Grammer” and “syntax” of editing was mainly established during the periodof silent film.Soviet directors and theoreticians like L. Kuleshov, S. Eisenstein and Vs.Pudovkin have entered the history of world film as the fathers of film theory,directors, who practiced their working method on visual structure of filmproduction and discovered new forms of editing.How did the editing side of the cinematography form, what is the startingpoint, origin, which makes the director edit a certain scene?The article also examines the brief history of editing, its formation andevolution. On the basis of L. Kuleshov’s example the article discusses editingtheories – from silent up to audio-visual cinematography.ABOUT AUTHORAn associate Professor of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University.Director, Researcher.He has graduated from Leningrad’s Theatre, Music and Film University’sCinema Directing Faculty. (I. Karaskin’s group)Other times He worked in a company “Georgian TV film”, at first as an assistantof director, then - as cinema director. He was a member of company’s creativeboards, documents films department’s leader.From 1995 year he is a member of Georgian cinematography union.He makes teaching period in the Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University.He is leading studio of creative film director. He is a member of UniversityAcademic boards.136 137

He had role in some films: “Magdana’s Lurja” (directors: Tengiz Abuladze,Rezo Chkheidze, 1955), “Stranger’s children” (Director: Tengiz Abuladze, 1958),“I, Grandmother, Iliko and Ilarion” (Director: Tengiz Abuladze, 1962),“Bela”(Director: Stanislav Rostotski, 1966), “Smiling boys” (director:RezoChkheidze, 1969)He is a director of 35 Documental films and 2 Pictures. He had some prizes inone and others International Prize.In 2008 years He was awarded by film cinematography.Tel.: + 995 32 90 72, +995 99 94 90 72HERO OR ANTI-HEROSummaryNino MkheidzeIn this article “hero and Anti hero” is talking about problem of the hero inthe Post Soviet Georgian cinematography. Notion of the hero is not onlymonotonous line and unchangeable category in the art creative. Artist notonly determined his Heros fortune, but after Heros determined creative worksfortune. Artist and hero together looking-for between visible and unvisibleconnect on the screen. The hero himself connected world’s subjective andobjective perception. Artist with hero generalized appearance, characters,historical and social phone. The hero describes for generation, sociaty, epoch’sremarkable mark-manner. Every day brings new creative possobility, newstructure, and new contents. A 60th year creative was interesting because ofthat. Brothers Shengelaias, Ioseliani, Kokochashvili, Kobakhidze,Rekhviashvili, Esadze made resistance world on the screen. Their Heros havefeeling enjoy, deep mind and power of moral example. They can be self criticsget accustpment weakness, they open recognized, such as others, as theirsmistakes. 60 th years films don’t give ready recept, in many cases their films endwith many points or with question mark. For them there is not being temporaryslavery, which is make illusion of the actual work, but cann’t get freedom to artworks from time pincers and very soon became oldest, too. In Post SovietGeorgian film had changed spere of the problems, new time asked newquestions. Artist and hero tried to solve problems in new reality. Heros totalstrangest at the outside world became whole devalvation of the valuable.Verity art slowly lost audience. Foreigner poeple is a deaf to understand artwork, he demands cheap Anti Art instead reality art. To fore see masses taste,real art goes on second plane and give the place ungifted, oriented art.ABOUT AUTHORAssociate Professor of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University, chair ofthe representative council.She is a Ph.D. Art Historian, film scholar and science worker. From 1993 shehas been lecturing at the university. In 1999 she lead a graduating class in filmtheory and in 2005 a graduating class in film journalism. She is the member ofGeorgian Cinematographic Union; from 1998 to 2006 she was the member ofthe board. In 1998-1999 was an anchor of the broadcasting company “Iberia”,TV show “Atalanta” (Masterpieces of World Cinema) and of the TV show “90year anniversary of Georgian Film”. From 2001 to 2002 she was the main editorfor Channel 9 programs. In 2002-2004 she was the author of the TV show“Once upon a time in Hollywood” on “Imedi” TV. She is the editor and one ofthe cofounders of the 1992 “Sarkmeli” newspaper, 2005 “Culture” newspaper.At different times she has participated in Bolshevo, Bichvinta, Iurmala andLvov international conferences. In 1991 she lectured on Georgian Film inBoston and Washington DC. In 2007 she took part at a conference meeting ofinternational association of CILECT film schools, which took place inAmsterdam. Her articles appear in newspapers and magazines. She is one ofthe coauthors for the study book: Georgian Film Directors – Compilation ofessays, 1-2 parts, 2005-2007.Her teaching disciplines are: Long and short courses in Georgian Film History,Television Art.Tel.: + 995 (95) 30 50 16138 139

MEDIA STUDIESTinatin ShabukianiCULTURAL MANAGEMENTIuri MgebrishviliSTRUCTURAL CONSISTENCY OF EDITINGChapter TwoEditing as means of artistic reflection(Editing in Movement)SummaryFoundation of the screen language is a movement. For that, to make onthe screen endless illusion, movement, its’ need to do montage, but there areinside cadres move, which became by connected cadres, by construction ofthe premeditated. Inside cadres often called inside montage. For this artfulnessis more explain illusion of the endless move at the time of the made film. For thespectators it became more persuasive and approaches at the reality, at thesame time it helps spectators to understand better this being of the appearance.As we know, by connect cadres, by montage make dynamic. There are universalacknowledged kinds of montages (narrative, parallelize, associated, metrical,polyphonic, shocking and etc.), but, I study more in detail that forms, whichmore is used in the modern screen art. To make “movement” illusion is a verybig problem, first of all, it need to connect movement “objects” and camera’smove and put it on correctly. At the “movement” there is connecting twoelements, too. They are tempo and rhythm. Without them, it is impossible tomake to day’s screen art. It’s very difficult and needs to make exact definitionto separate. Mainly movement in this common network and defend its direction.In this part of this article I tried to formulate by one after another. How I canlearn student “movement” and all this problems connected with it which I toldyou up in this article. The method is based to the experience of the well knownproducer and the theoreticians.ABOUT AUTHORDirector. Researcher. An associate Professor of Shota Rustaveli Theatre andFilm UniversityShe has graduated from Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University’s DramaDirecting Faculty.From 1980 to 1989 worked on Georgian Broadcasting Company (Channel 1) –first in television theatre, then in music editorial board as an artistic director;from 1989 to 2004 worked as an artistic director of child programs.Her dissertation thesis is: “Civil designation of child broadcast and itsaesthetical characteristics” (according to Georgian TV projects)Currently she works on a topic: “Structural Consistency of Editing”Tel: +995 (99) 94 47 00CREATION OF AN EFFECTIVE VISIONSummaryCreation of a vision is a complex task for a group or an organization. Thevision does not imply just a few simple disembodied statements but a wholedescription of organization’s future state. These are resources, processes,structures, technologies, due obligations and environment.Effective and exercisable vision is created when:1 Several fit people get together under an optimistic and energetic team;2. Objectives are set clear and the volume of work to be done is welldetermined and clear;3. The team has worked out a deep understanding of business, clients,partners and experience, rival and non rivals;4. The team has an ability to take a look from the future at the present andnot from the present at the future;5. Vision is based on guideline principles.ABOUT AUTHORP.h. Doctor .Professor of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University, Ph.D. Reads amaster’s course in “Contemporary Management in Culture and Arts”. He is anauthor of many art projects. Periodically as a guest lecturer he does managementtraining programs in Georgia and abroad.Tel: + 995 (32) 93 64 08140 141

MUSIC STUDIESJana ToidzeMAESTRO’S 80 YEAR ANNIVERSAryMain aspects of professional formation and development of NodarAndguladze’s vocalSummeryThe work gives a brief review of main aspects of professional vocalformation and development of Nodar Andguladze – Georgian’s national artist,laureate of the award of Z. Paliashvili, member of Georgia’s Science Academy,Ph.D. Philologist and Head of Solos singing faculty at V. Sarajishvili StateConservatorium.The article also analyzes those complex parts and roles of NodarAndguladze that have become reference for the future generation of singerperformerswhen engaged in playing a dramatic part.The article pays special attention to Nodar Andguladze’s teaching workfocusing on the success of his internationally renowned students on majorleading stages of the world. The work also points out at the works publishedby the singer and at the importance of the teaching books in the process ofyoung vocal trainer’s formation.ABOUT AUTHORArt History Ph.D. ProfessorLeader of the Master’s program:”Research analysis of vocal – technicalperformance” at Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University.Graduated from Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University’s DramaFaculty of music disciplines; She has her Master’s from V. Sarajishvili StateConservatoire; Was an intern at Rimsky Korsakov Conservatoire of St.Petersburg.At various times she has conducted open lessons at Tbilisi, Kutaisi, St.Petersburg, Sverdovsky, Odessa and Moscow Conservatories.She has participated at scientific conferences on vocals at V. SarajishviliState Conservatorie, Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University, Kiev andLvov Conservatoriums.She is an author of more than 40 publications.Tel: + 995 (32) 93 27 74PROBLEM OF TRADITION AND NOVATION IN THEMASS BY I. S. BACHSummaryGvantsa GvinjiliaThe Mass by Johann Sebastian Bach generalizes the way passed fromGregorian chorale, the masses built on cantus firmus, paraphrase mass, parodymass, canonic mass, Venetian school including Bach’s modern concentratedstyle. Particularly, the Mass was influenced by Guillaume De Machaut’s Messe,a new work including the five sections, as well as by “pneumonic melos” ofGregorian chorale of Dutch composers, Alla breve rhythm, deeply semanticGothic polyphony, masses by Orlando di Lasso, in which earthly feelingscoexist with ascetic faces oriented to the categories beyond the time, as wellas by the scale of sonority of the masses by the representatives of the Venetianschool, synchronous and antiphonic chant by the chorus, orchestra returnals.The characteristics brought as a result of breathing of a new epoch indicateat the esthetics and world outlook of the Barocco epoch in the Mass. Theseare: principle of concentration, arias and duets from opera art, the language ofaffects established by the rhetoric century, loading of instrumental timbre,metro-rhythmic side by semantic function, tonal dramaturgy. Bach has adjustedeverything to Christian semantic canons thus preserving a sacral sense of the Mass.Hence, a wide historic memory of the Mass by Bach includes both musicaltendencies of various epochs, intonation models, stylish categories as well ascosmogony, world outlook and categories full of suggestion. Throughconfluence of traditions of modern epoch and the past, Bach demonstratedthe eternity of Christian ideas, which can sound under conditions ofobservance of canons both in the language of the past and the modern styleintonation.ABOUT AUTHORMusicologist; PhD; assistant professor; lecturer at the Shota Rustaveli Theatreand Cinema State University; delivers lectures on Georgian music history, theworld music history and vocal art. Assistant Professor at the Tbilisi VanoSaradjishvili State Conservatoire; PR manager at the Tbilisi State Opera andBallet Theatre; participates in republican and international conferences; haspublished about 40 scientific works. The field of her scientific interest involvesthe issues of Georgian music and ecclesiastic music.Tel.: +995 (99) 65 20 60142 143

UNIVERSITY’S MA PROGRAMRESERACHER OF GEORGIAN CHOREOGRAPHYProgram Leader - Anano Samsonadze“IKOSAEDRI”Key to Rudolph von Laban’s movement analysisSummaryEka GeliashviliOne of the avant garde figures and innovators among dance theoreticiansof the twentieth century Rudolph von Laban created a new movement notationsystem based on the idea of the harmony of movement within space. In orderto prove the pattern of movement of human body and its universal characterLaban used a method of mathematic analysis thus revolutionizing the theoryof space.He suspected that expressive character of dance was due to space andnot the body. The starting point for him was human individuality and itsmovement, but at the same time he viewed movement as an indivisible part ofan entire universe. Laban emphasized the importance of such terms asmovement, work and rest, action and dance. He studied sudden effects causedby movement and their influence on blood flow and circulation. He alsodetermined the two way process of movement and influence of inner impulses.One of the most important factors in Laban’s theory of movement is themovement quality.When combining the musical and mathematic (geometric) concepts, Labancame up with the idea of the harmony of movement within space. He began touse the term of kinetosphere to describe the body’s orientation in space addinggeometrical figures to it. Cube became the original geometric figure, whichmade it easier to perceive the three dimensional direction of movement. Byfixating and combining the highest point of movement of different people withdifferent ethnicities Laban got a strict form of a crystal which he namedIkosaedri. In his point of view, Ikosaedri gives an opportunity to describemore precisely orientation of movement.Laban examines the types and forms of movement in his system as well asthe causing factors of its transformation. He was one of the first people to tryand study movement not only in art but in nature as well. This is the main ideabehind his system of dance notation, which he created in 1938 with his studentsK. Iossom and A. Knustom in Britain with the name “Labanotation”. At firstLaban called it “Khorevstika” but afterwards it became known as“Labanotation”.“RESEARCH ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE FROMA TECHNICAL VIEWPOINT”Program Leader - Jana ToidzeLia BarbakadzeRESEARCH ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE FROM A TECHNICALVIEWPOINT BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OFDIMITRI ARAKISHVILI’S LOVE SONGS:“I am waiting for you” and “Brook and flowers”SummaryThe given work examines D. Arakishvili’s love songs “I am waiting foryou” and “Brook and flowers” from structural, performance, vocal and technicalviewpoint.The main emphasis is put on an entirely different style of performance, onthe process of breathing with the use of Georgian stage breathing techniqueand phonetics.A lot of attention is paid to the middle register and peculiarities of dealingwith the gradating key tones and its difficulties. The work examines the typesof breathing, peculiarities of pronouncing consonants or in other wordstechnique of stage speech synthesized with vocal speech technique.The same work examines Stanislavsky’s scheme, which the great directorused when staging his performances. The work also reviews a brief biographyof the composer in connection with the time period in which the works werecreated.The work is based on existing, published literature.144 145

Ketevan BunturiANALYSIS OF A VOCAL PERFORMANCE FROM A TECHNICAL POINTOF VIEW LAURETTA’S ARIA FROM AN OPERA BY G. PUCCINI“GIANNI SCHICCHI”SummaryThe research analysis of a vocal performance examines Lauretta’s ariafrom an opera by G. Puccini “Gianni Schicchi” from a technical view point.The work reviews the most complex methodic aspects of the aria purelyvocal as well as performance wise. Special attention is paid to peculiarities ofItalian phonetics, nuances, formation of high notes and musical structure.The work reviews a small biography of the composer himself and uses thepublished literature.Eka GureshidzeTHE ANALYSIS OF THE VOCAL-TECHNICAL EXECUTIONALRESEARCH ARIA FROM “THE PRAYER” BY BACHROMANCE “THE LULLABY” BY A.CHIMAKADZESummaryIn the present work “The Analysis of the Vocal-technical ExecutionalResearch” is discrussed the aria from “The Prayer” by Bach,as a pure vicaltechnicalas executional-research standpoint.The main attention is directed to the specification of the Germanlanguage,the high vocal so colled “Formanta” and nuances.In the work is used the literature and the composer’s short biography.Inthe same work is analysed romance “The Lullaby” by A.Chimakadze with thesame methods.Nino SakandelidzeTHE ANALYSIS OF THE VOCAL-TECHNICAL EXECUTIONALRESEARCH LELA’S ARIA” FROM R. LAGIDZE’S OPERA ,,LELA”SummaryThis vocal-technical performance research analysis is about ,,Lela’s aria”from R. Lagidze’s opera ,,Lela”.In this work the musical and pure vocal-technical methods are analyzed.The nuances and emotionally rich musical invoice are emphasized.In this work published Russian and Georgian literature is used. Also, thework includes K. Stanislavski’s scheme. In this scheme, the specific methodsare added. This methods are about ,,making voice“ and about the performanceof a musical work.Furthermore, the work talks about consonants, and how to pronouncethem correctly. Also about the synthesis of scenic and vocal techniques. Thiswork also emphasizen the importance of actor’s talent. It also talks abouttransitional sounds, which are very important and also about the types ofbreath, which is one of the most important things in the song.This work talks about making the ,,Articulation device”, what should thesound look like. And also about the effectiveness of those special exercises(singsong, vocaleses) that helps students a lot.Maia KhachapuridzeTHE ANALYSIS OF THE VOCAL-TECHNICAL EXECUTIONALRESEARCH R.LAGIDZE’S SONG “LOVE SONG” AND M.BALANCHIVADZE’S “TSIRA’S FIRST LULLABY”.SummeryIn the present work “The Analysis of the Vocal-technical ExecutionalResearch” is discussed R.Lagidze’s song “Love Song” and M. Balanchivadze’s“Tsira’s First Lullaby”.The main attention is directed to the Georgian executional style, phoneticsand nuances.In the work is analysed the difficulties of the so called“transitional” sounds and the avercoming process of the high tessiture.In the work is used the literature and the composer’s short biography.146 147

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