redaqtorisagan

qronika

saqarTvelo

aurzauri arafris gamo 8

2 3

ucxoeTi

Tema

10

homofobia

uflebebi

sawolSi... saxelmwifosTan 4 erTad

istoria

homoseqsualebi 13 da mesame raixi

janmrTeloba

ART

oskar uaildi 15 gemovnebis metafizika

Jurnalis eleqtronuli versia ganTavsebulia fond "inkluzivis" veb-gverdze g www.inclusive-foundation.org an www.gay.ge JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia wyaros miTiTeba. Jurnali vrceldeba ufasod gamocema dafinansebulia holandiis erovnuli lgbt asociaciis COC Netherlands-is mier.

Tavdacvis saSualebebi

balansirebis politika evropul da amerikul kinematografSi 18

21

gamomcemeli: fondi inkluzivi stamba: Sps sezani Tbilisi, wereTlis gamz.140 tel: 357002 lika@cezanne-web.com

English Resume

ME
ISSN 1512-2395 uak (UDC) 316.023.4 341.234 keteri m46

reportaJi

saqarTvelo
Cveni Jurnalis mexuTe nomeri homofobiis Temas eZRvneba. Temis SerCeva orma mniSvnelovanma TariRma ganapiroba (17 maisi - homofobiasTan brZolis saerTaSoriso dRe da 1 ivnisi - saqarTveloSi homoseqsualobis dekriminalizaciis dRe). homofobiasTan brZolis saerTaSoriso dRed 17 maisis gamocxadeba jandacvis msoflio organizaciis gadawyvetilebas ukavSirdeba, romelmac 1990 wlis 17 maiss homoseqsualoba fsiqiur daavadebaTa siidan amoiRo. Tumca, amiT lgbt adamianTa brZola Tanabari uflebebisaTvis ar dasrulebula. am dRis aRiareba saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mier, romelic gmobs adamianTa diskriminacias rasobrivi, erovnuli, kulturuli, religiuri Tu sxva ram niSniT, garkveul valdebulebebs ayenebs im saxelmwifoTa winaSec, romlebic arasakmaris yuradRebas uTmoben homofobiasa da lgbt adamianebis mdgomareobas qveyanaSi. 2005 wlidan 17 maiss, rogorc homofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dRes (International Day Against Homophobia - IDAHO) msoflios mraval qveyanaSi aRniSnaven. am dRisaTvis saerTaSoriso statusis miniWebis idea frang mecniersa da mwerals lui-JorJ tens ekuTvnis. gaeroSi gagzavnil mimarTvas, xeli adamianTa uflebebisaTvis mebrZolma 10 000-ze metma aqtivistma moawera msoflios 35 qveynidan. am moTxovnas, cxadia, Tavisi mizezebi hqonda. homofobiis gamovlinebis TvalsazrisiT, XX saukune erT-erTi yvelaze sastiki periodia istoriaSi. homoseqsualebi idevnebodnen da isjebodnen sabWoTa kavSirSi, nacistur germaniaSi am braldebiT 100 000 -mde adamiani sakoncentracio banakebSi moxvda... dResac, XXI saukuneSi msoflios oTxmocamde qveyanaSi homoseqsualoba kanoniTaa akrZaluli da isjeba (zog qveyanaSi, magaliTad ugandaSi, homoseqsualobisaTvis kanoni samudamo patimrobas iTvaliswinebs). aTobiT qveyanaSi homoseqsualuri aqtisaTvis sikvdiliT sjian adamianebs (avRaneTi, irani, saudis arabeTi...). im qveynebSic ki, sadac homoseqsualoba dekriminalizebulia, yoveldRiurad fiqsirdeba Zaladobis faqtebi skinhedebisa, sxvadasxva neofaSisturi dajgufebebis mxridan. homofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dRis dawesebis mTavari mizezi msoflioSi lgbt adamianTa diskriminaciis am da sxva mraval faqtze farTo sazogadoebis yuradRebis mipyrobaa. kampaniebs, romelic 17 maisTan dakavSirebiT imarTeba msoflios mraval qveyanaSi, ramdenime mizani aqvs:

* lgbt adamianTa mimarT gamovlenil nebismieri saxis ZaladobasTan (iqneba es fizikuri, moraluri Tu simboluri) dapirispireba; * solidarobis gamoxatva lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali da transgenderi adamianebis mimarT mTels msoflioSi * adamianTa uflebebis dacvis ufro farTomasStabiani kampaniis Catareba. inkluzivma ramdenime RonisZieba gamarTa am dRis aRsaniSnavad. kerZod, gaimarTa sajaro debatebi homofobiis TemasTan dakavSirebiT, klubSi moewyo filmis "cisartyelas dasasrulis" Cveneba, monawileoba miviReT ramdenime radiogadacemaSi. am RonisZiebebTan erTad, Jurnalis mTavar Temad "homofobiis" SerCeviT gvsurda gamovxmaurebodiT msoflios mraval qveyanaSi dagegmil antihomofobiur kampanias. Jurnali ivlisis dasawyisSi unda gamosuliyo, Tumca, bolo dros datrialebuli movlenebis gamo, gadavwyviteT koreqtivebi Segvetana Jurnalis SinaarsSi da mcire statiis saxiT mainc gamovxmaurebodiT qarTul mediaSi atexil isterias, romelic jerac ar Camcxrala da ufro da ufro politizirebul xasiaTs iZens.

redaqtorisgan

 qronika
saqarTvelo / ucxoeTi
janmrTeloba

aprilis TveSi fondis iniciativiT gaimarTa mrgvali magida, romelic mieZRvna aiv/Sidsis profilaqtikis Temas. ganxiluli iyo lgbt jgufTan muSaobis specifika. mrgvali magidis monawileebma isaubres im sakiTxebze, romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia jgufTan efeqturi muSaobisas. aRiniSna, rom aucilebelia seqsuluri orientaciisa da maRali sarisko qcevis erTmaneTisgan gansxvaveba, raTa jgufSi ar moxdes stigmis gaRrmaveba da aman Tavis mxriv ufro Znelad xelmisawvdomi da mowyvladi ar gaxados lgbt jgufi. mrgvali magida gaimarTa globaluri fondis mxardaWeriT da masSi monawileoba miiRes aiv/Sidsis profilaqtikis sferoSi momuSave organizacia-dawesebulebaTa umravlesobam. maisSi dasrulda lgbt jgufis sxvadasxva segmentSi seqsualuri qcevis Tvisobrivi kvlevis pirveli etapi. Catarda fokus jgufebisa da CaRrmavebuli interviuebis seria qalTa, mamakacTa da transgender jgufebSi. kvlevis Sedegebi gaanalizebis procesSia da safuZvlad daedeba jgufSi usafrTxo seqsualuri cxovrebis xelSewyobis RonisZiebebs, romlebic mogvianebiT ganxorcieldeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom lgbt jgufis sxvadasxva segments amgvari kvleva pirvelad moicavs. kvlevebi ganxorcielda asociacia "Tanadgomis" eqspertebis mier.
axali i nicativebi

mxardaWera ukve ganxorcielebuli da axali kvlevebis gamosacemad. publikacia, romelsac erqmeva "lgbt adamianebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi: pirveli nabijebi" Semodgomaze gamova.
media

maisSi gamovida ombudsmenis ofisTan arsebuli Jurnal solidarobis morigi nomeri, romelSic daibeWda statia homofobiaze. statias safuZvlad udevs diskusia, romelic am sferos eqspertebs Soris gaimarTa. Jurnali cxeli SokoladSi aqtiurad gamoexmaura homofobiis Temas. genderis eqspertis, lela gafrindaSvilis statiaSi ganxilulia politikosTa homofobiuri gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic ukanaskneli wlebis manZilze gakeTda televiziiT. qarTulma masmediam ar uRalata tradicias da gazeTma aliam aprilSi gamoqveynebuli informaciis foTSi "dagegmili" da Semdeg "CaSlili" geebis Tavyrilobis Semdeg Tbilisis "gei aRlumze" gaavrcela informacia. Jurnalistma "paradi" amjerad evrosabWos axalgazrdul kampanias daukavSira. Sedegi metad damafiqrebeli aRmoCnda im mxriv, rom kidev erTxel gamoavlina, rom homofibia Zalzed mwvave problemad dgas saqarTveloSi. am Temis Sesaxeb vrclad waikiTxavT Cveni Jurnalis reportaJis rubrikaSi.
1 7 m a i si h om o fo bi i s w i na a Rm d e g b r Z ol is dRea

fondi inkluzivis rekomendaciiT qalTa iniciativebis mxardamWerma jgufma mxardaWera moi pova da Seudga lesboseli da biseqsuli qalebisTvis SemuSavebuli proeqtis ganxorcielebas. proeqtis farglebSi dagegmilia qalTa zepiri istoriebis kvleva, jgufis konsolidaciis treiningi da onalian konsultaciebi seqsologTan da fsiqologTan. kiTxvapasuxi gverdi ganTavsdeba qalTa iniciativebis mxardamWeri jgufisa da fondis vebgverdebze. ilga-evropasTan dawyebuli TanamSromloba Semdeg fazaSi Sevida. fondma moi pova

16 maiss hainrix biolis fondSi gaimarTa diskusia homofobiaze, rogorc sazogadoebriv problemaze. momxseneblebi Seexnen am fenomenis kulturul da uflebriv aspeqtebs. aRiniSna mediis roli homofobiis gavrcelebaSi. aRniSnuli diskusia gaSuqda radio "mwvane talRis" eTeriTac. sazogadoebrivma mauwyebelma uari ganacxada dokumenturi filmis, "cisartyelis dasasrulis" sakuTari eTeriT Cvenebaze, rac

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saqarTvelo / ucxoeTi
teqnikuri mizezebiT axsna. man eTerSi gaSvebis wina dRiT gadawyvita uaris Tqma, rodesac filmi translirebisaTvis ukve adaptirebuli iyo. mauwyeblisTvis cnobili iyo filmis qronometraJica da Sinaarsic. sazogadoebriv mauwyebels ar upasuxia Cveni SekiTxvisTvis Tu rodis SeZlebdnen isini filmis gaSvebas.
17 m a i s i m T e li m s of l io Si a R i n i S n a

(axlandelma prezidentma) lex kaCinskim solidarobis marSis gamarTvis ufleba ar misca. ganaCenSi naTqvamia, rom am RonisZiebis akrZalva arRvevs evropis adamianis uflebebis konvenciis 11-e, 12, da 14-e muxlebs, romlebic exeba Sekrebis Tavisuflebas, efeqturi dacvis ganxorcielebis uflebasa da diskriminaciis akrZalvas. es pirveli gadawyvetilebaa, romelic evropis adamianis uflebebis sasamarTlom am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gamoitana.

1990 wlis 17 maiss, jandacvis msoflio organizaciam homoseqsualoba fsiqiuri daavadebebis siidan amoiRo. swored am mizeziT, 17 maisi msoflios masStabiT homofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis dRed iqca. evropis sabWos generalurma mdivanma teri devisma da adamianis uflebebis komisarma Tomas hamarbergma sajarod dagmes homofobia da xazi gausves im nabijebis gadadgmis saWiroebas, rac xels Seuwyobs seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze arsebuli diskriminaciis aRmofxvras.
gaero

mas Semdeg, rac gasul wels gaeros ekonomikurma da socialurma sabWom (ECOSOC) ilga evropas, daniisa da germaniis lgbt organizaciebs konsultaciuri statusi mianiWa kidev ori organizacia ganagrZobda msgavsi statusis mosapoveblad. aqamde, am organizaciebis mcdelobebi warumateblad mTavrdeboda, Tumca sabolood maT aminc moi poves konsultaciuri statusi. SvedeTis lgbt organizacia RFSL da kanadis kvebekis provinciis organizacia CGLQ SeuerTda danarCen sam organizacias, raTa ufro efeqturad daicvan lgbt uflebebi gaeroSi.
e vr os a s a ma r T l o s g ad a w yve t i l eb a

TurqeTi

evropis adamianis uflebebis sasamarTlom uprecedentod mokle vadebSi gamoitana ganaCeni saqmisa "baCkovski poloneTis winaaRmdeg". lgbt aqtivistTa jgufma, romelsac 2005 wels varSavis maSindelma merma

Turquli kanonmdebloba saSualebas iZleva Seiwyvitos lgbt jgufis moqmedeba qveyanaSi. aseTi safrTxis winaSe dadga organizacia kaos-gl 2005 wels, rodesac mis oficialur registraciasTan dakavSirebiT problemebi Seiqmna. Tumca jgufma miaRwia imas, rom saxelmwifo gadawyvetilebaSi Caiwera, rom lgbt organizacia ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos amoralurad, vinaidan arsebobs mravali dokumenti, riTic dasturdeba, rom seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze diskriminacia TviTon aris amoraluri. wels igive problema stambolSi moqmed organizacia lambda-istanbulsac Seeqmna. kaos-gl-ma gamoxata solidaroba stambolis organizaciasTan da SeuerTda lambdas brZolas oficialuri statusis mosapoveblad.

q r o n i k a

 uflebebi
sawolSi... saxelmwifosTan erTad
homofobia xSir SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifos mier aris waxalisebuli. es gamoixateba, rogorc kanonSemoqmedebaSi, aseve sxvadasxva sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi politikis Camoyalibebasa da ganxorcielebaSi, siZulvilis enaSi da sxva. am SemTxvevaSi mkiTxvelis yuradRebas homoseqsualobis kriminalizaciaze SevaCerebT. homoseqsualobis kriminalazacia an piriqiT SezRudvebis moxsna mniSvnelovani indikatoria qveyanaSi saxelmwifos mxridan homofobiis xarisxis dadgenisaTvis. saqarTveloSi homoseqsulobis dekriminalizacia sul raRac Svidi wlis win, 2000 wlis 1 ivnis sisxlis samarTlis axali kodeqsis ZalaSi SesvlasTan erTad moxda. evrosabWosadmi nakisri valdebulebebis Tanaxmad saqarTvelos mamakacebs Soris homoseqsualur aqtze sasjeli unda gaeuqmebina.
istoriulad, iq sadac yvelaze adre daiwyes homoseqsualobis kriminalizacia dRes erTsqesian partniorebs Soris qorwinebac ki aris SesaZlebeli. magaliTad, dasavleT evropis qveynebSi (holandia, belgia...) jer kidev XVIII saukunidan arsebobda sasjeli homoseqsualur kavSirze. dRes ki am qveynebSi homoseqsualebma srul samoqalaqo TanasworobasTan miaxloebul mdgomarebas miaRwies. sabWoTa kavSirSi homoseqsualobis kriminalizacia 1933 wels moxda. germaniaSi, 1936 wels hitlerma gaamkacra kanoni. mas Semdeg yoveli axali diqtatoruli reJimi aucileblad gamoyofda disidentebs da ebrZoda maT. evrosabWos generaluri mdivani teri devisi homofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dRisadmi miZRvnil mimarTvas swored im faqtis gaxsenebiT iwyebs Tu rogor Seqmna es-es-is raixsfiurerma hainrix himlerma gestapos gansakuTrebuli ganyofileba homoseqsualobisa da abortebis aRsakveTad: "samoc welze meti gavida da aravis mouxdia bodiSi am samarcxvino da tragikuli faqtisaTvis. samwuxarod, crurwmenebis, diskriminaciisa da TvalTmaqcobis kedeli ar gamqrala da evropa ufro xSirad homofobebis mimarTaa Semwynarebeli, vidre homofobiis msxverplTadmi". msoflios 85 qveyanaSi homoseqsualuri aqti kvlav isjeba. 9 maTganSi aseTi aqti sikvdiliTac ki isjeba. es qveynebi, rogorc wesi mZime socialuri problemebis winaSe mdgom dabalganviTarebuli qveynebia, an bunebrivi resursebis xarjze ganviTarebuli islamuri Teokratiebi da diqtaturebi. winamdebare analizi emyareba msoflios qveyenebis Sida sakanonmdeblo sistemebis monitoringis ilga evri pis mier 2007 wels ganaxlebul monacemebs. mniSvnelovania homoseqsulobis kriminalizaciis rigi aspeqtebisa. pirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom mraval qveyanaSi, sadac mamakacebs Soris aqti dasjadia, araferia naTqvami qalTa homoseqsualobaze (sabWoTa kavSirSi, mamakacTa homoseqsualobisagan gansxvavebiT, lesboseloba ar isjeboda, magram medikalizacias eqvemdebareboda). es SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos ama Tu im qveynis kulturuli TaviseburebebiT. ZiriTadi mizezi ki is aris, rom qalebs Soris seqsi, mamakacis monawileobis gareSe arc

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sawolSi... saxelmwifosTan erTad

aRiqmeba seqsad. es ki seqsizmis Cveulebriv gamovlinebad SegviZlia CavTvaloT. Tumca SeiniSneba tendencia imisa, rom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsebSi bolo dros SeaqvT Sesworebebi, roTac qalebs Soris seqsualuri kavSiris kriminalizacia xdeba. meore mniSvnelovani momentia is, rom rigi qveynebSi kanonebi xazs usvams, rom aqti dasjadia imisda miuxedavad sad xdeba misi ganxorcieleba - sazogadoebriv adgilas (sastumro, sauna da sxva) Tu saxlSi. amiT sexelmwifo faqtiurad misi moqalaqeebis seqsualuri cxovrebis Tanaziari xdeba. rogorc wesi isjeba or zrdasrul pirovnebas Soris nebayoflobiTi kavSiri. ganasxvaveben danaSaulis simZimesac. magaliTad, iranSi uSualo genitaluri kavSiris gareSe gamoxatuli alersi 99 SoltiT isjeba, xolo kocna ki 60 SoltiT. Tu aseTi "msubuqi danaSauli" ganmeorebiT xdeba es sasjelis zomas ufro da ufro amZimebs da mesamed an meoTxed gameorebuli aseTi qmedeba uTanabrdeba genitalur kontaqts da sikvdiliT isjeba. SariaTis mosamarTles mxolod imis gansja evaleba Tu sikvdiliT dasjis romeli meTodi unda iyos gamoyenebuli. rogorc wesi mokvdineba sastikad da damamcireblad xdeba. Camoxrcoba da tomaraCamocmuli msjavrdebulis qvebiT Caqolva yvelaze gavrcelebuli meTodebia. xSir SemTxvevaSi ar aris Tanxmoba gansazRvrebebis donezec ki. zogan homoseqsualur aqts uwodeben arabunebriv kontaqts, zogan mamaTmavlobas an sodomias. TviT am terminebis gansazRvrebac ar aris erTgvarovani. magaliTad mraval qveyanaSi homoseqsualoba da zoofilia erT muxlSia moqceuli, rogorc bunebis kanonebis sawinaaRmdego qmedeba da erTnairadac isjeba. sodomiis ganmartebac sxvadasxvagvaria. zogan sodomias mamakacebs Soris seqsualur kontaqts uwodeben, zogan ki konkretulad analur aqts, Tanac rogorc mamakacTan, aseve qalTanac. es faqti samomavlod Zalian saintereso daskvnebis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas iZleva bibliuri gadmocemis interpretaciebis mravalferovnebasTan da urTierTgamomricxaobasTan dakavSirebiT. sasjeli gansxvavebulia braldebulTa aRmsareblobidan gamomdinare. magaliTad, saudis arabeTSi Tu seqsualuri aqti ganxorcielda aramuslimsa da muslims Soris isjeba mxolod aramuslimi. aqve naTqvamia, rom homoseqsualur aqtSi dadanaSauleba SeuZlia 4 muslim mamakacs. umetes SemTxvevaSi ar aris ganmartebuli, Tu rogor xdeba aseTi kavSirebis gamovlena an mxileba. mxolod im qveynebSi, sadac sasjelis ukiduresi zomebia gaTvaliswinebuli arsebobs detaluri procedurebi homoseqsualur aqtSi mxilebisa. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT es ZiriTadad 4 muslimi mamakacis mier xdeba. Tanac sagangebod aRiniSneba, rom qalis mier mxileba ar miiCneva braldebis safucvlad. rig qveynebSi daiwyo am muxlebiT pasiurad sargeblobis praqtikis gavrceleba. am qveynebSi ar xdeba uSualod dapatimreba, aramed arsebuli muxlebi xSirad gamoiyeneba SantaJisaTvis maT Soris ZalovanTa mxridan. amgvar zomebs xSirad mimarTaven politikuri da biznes miznebis misaRwevad. homoseqsualobis kriminalizacia ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso standarts da dagmobilia im samyaroSi, rasac Cven civilizebul msoflios vuwodebT.

uflebebi

 janmrTeloba
Tavdacvis saSualebebi
prezervativi (fr. preservatif, ZvelberZnulisgan praeservo - dacva) ZvelberZnuli miTis mixedviT, zevsis da evropis Svilis, kretis mefis minosis TeslSi qvewarmavlebi da morielebi budobdnen. warmosadgenia ra fatalur efeqts axdenda es "sasikvdilo koqteili" mefis mravalricxovan seqsualur partniorebze. es grZeldeboda manamde, sanam mefis morig siyvaruls, mefis msaxuris, ereqtiusis qaliSvils ar mouvida TavSi azri Tavdacvis Sesaxeb, risTvisac man cxvris Sardis buSti gamoiyena. SesaZlebelia, swored amgvarad, Cv.w.aR-mde 3000 wels Seiqmna pirveli prezervativi, rogorc barieruli kontaracepciis saSualeba. arsebobs mosazreba, rom prezervativis gamogonebas Zvel egvi ptelebs unda vumadlodeT. amaze mowmobs karnakSi (egvi pte) napovni Cv.w.aR-mde 1350 wliT daTariRebuli freskebi, romlebzec gamosaxul mamakacebs sasqeso asoze dekoratiuli CaCebi acviaT. kairos arqeologiur muzeumSi inaxeba faraon tutanxamonis tyavis Camosacmeli sasqeso asosTvis - savaraudod prezervativi (mecnierebi dRemde ver SeTanxmebula imis Taobaze, Tu risTvis iyenebdnen Zveli egvi ptelebi am Camosacmelebs - rogorc kontracepciis saSualebas, Tu rogorc morTulobas. garda imisa, rom arqeologebis mier napovni prezervativebis erTi nawili Zvirfasi qvebiT iyo Semkuli, rac praqtikulad gamoricxavs misi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas sqesobrivi aqtis dros, cnobilia, rom Zvel egvi pteSi egvi pteli qalebi kontracepciisaTvis specialur, akaciis wveniT gaJRenTil tamponebs iyenebdnen). prezervativis funqcias asrulebda aseve romauli cilindrebi sqesobrivi aqtisaTvis, romelic mcenareuli boWkoTi da zeTiT damuSavebuli myari masalisagan mzaddeboda. romael legionerebs ki urigdebodaT cxvris nawlavis calmxares pirmokruli toprakebi. prezervativis gamoyeneba ufro aSkara xdeba Cv.w.aR-iT X saukuneSi. Cinelebi iyenebdnen zeTiT gaJRenTil abreSumis CaCebs, iaponelebi kus qerclovan firfitebs, mogvianebiT darbilebul tyavs - "kavagata". romis imperiis daSlis Semdeg, prezervativebi didi xniT miiviwya evropam. Sua saukuneebSi, amerikis aRmoCenis Semdeg, evropaSi sifilisi gavrcelda, romelic kolumbis mezRvaurebma Camoitanes amerikidan. sifilisis masobrivi gamovlineba pirvelad 1495 wels dafiqsierda. 96 wels daavadeba praqtikulad mTel dasavleT evropaSi gavrcelda. 1512 wels ki iaponias miaRwia ruseTis gavliT. gaCnda moTxovnileba prezervativze ara rogorc kontracefciis saSualebis, aramed daavadebisagan Tavdasacavad, romelsac "aborigenebis SurisZieba" uwodes.

1564 wels, rodesac paduas (italia) universitetis profesorma, qirurgma da anatomma gabriel falopiusma, selis boWkosgan daamzada da balaxeuli eTerzeTebiT da nayeniT gaJRinTa patara topraki sasqeso asoze Camosacmelad sqesobrivi aqtis dros. Tavis

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Tavdacvis saSualebebi
naSromSi "DE marble dallico", falopiusi miuTiTebda am saSualebis gamoyenebis aucileblobas "franguli daavadebis" (sifilisi) Tavidan acilebis mizniT. vin icis, ramdeni adamiani gadaarCina am profilaqtikurma saSualebam im periodSi sasikvdilod miCneuli aTaSangis (sifilisi) epidemiisgan. falopiusis Sromam daainteresa evropis samecniero sazogadoeba, selis boWkos Caenacvla damuSavebuli Txeli organuli qsovili. pirveli seriuli prezervativi gayidvaSi 1712 wels qalaq utrextSi gamovida. utrextSi am dros konferencia tardeboda, romlis monawile Cinovnikebsa da di plomatebs Tan "galanturi qalbatonebi" axldnen. swored aq daibada intimuri higienis saSualebebis warmoebis idea. prezervativi, romelic Zvirfas bordelebSi gamoiyeneboda kontracepciisaTvis, male "arakanonieri" seqsis simbolo gaxda. elitarul "saTnoebis saxlebSi" mis gamoyenebas miesalmebodnen, Tumca, maRali fasis gamo misi farTo mosaxleobaSi gavrceleba ver moxerxda. veneciaSi prezervativebis gavrceleba akrZaluli iyo im motiviT, rom uweso adamianebi SeZlebdnen prezervativis gavrcelebas gogonebSi arasasurveli fexmZimobisagan Tavdasacavad. es ki, xelisufalTa azriT, xels Seuwyobda gogonebis meZavad qcevas. Tanamedrove prezervativis winamorbedad da mis sayovelTaod cnobili saxelwodebis "kondomi" gamavrceleblad iTvleba cxovelis nawlavisgan damzadebuli nakeToba, romelic Seqmna XVIII saukunis bolos, inglisis mefis karl II-is piradma eqimma, gvarad kondusma. es saSualeba sakmaod popularuli gaxda evropis SeZlebul ojaxebSi, gansakuTrebiT kmayofilni iyvnen gvirgvinosanTa ojaxis warmomadgenlebi, romelTa arakanonier STamomavalTa raodenobam sagrZnoblad iklo. termini "prezervativi" swored am periodSi gaCnda, ase moixseniebdnen am nakeTobs erT-erT reklamaSi, raTa xazi gaesvaT misi higienuri da profilaqtikuri TvisebebisTvis. Tanamedrove standartebs prezervativi 1839 wlis Semdeg miuaxlovda, roca kauCukis vulkanizaciis procesi aRmoaCines. prezervativi xelmisawvdomi gaxda mosaxleobis saSualo fenisTvis. pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg evropaSi prezervativis gayidva aikrZala, mizezi: arasasikeTo demografiuli situacia. magram, gayidvebis akrZalvis winaaRmdeg gamovida qalTa saerTaSoriso moZraoba, romelic am akrZalvaSi qalis uflebis - "ufleba gaaCinos Tu ar gaaCinos" - Selaxvas xedavda. meore msoflio omis dros, prezervativma didi pupolaroba moi pova rogorc pirdapiri ise arapirdapiri gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT; gansakuTrebiT inglisel mezRvaureebSi, romlebic prezervativs wamoacvavdnen Tofis lulas da ase gadiodnen wylian zonas, an masSi inaxavdnen sakvebs, TuTuns da asanTs. prezervativi nelnela sayovelTao aRiarebas moi povebda, magram... 1961 wels gayidvaSi pirveli kontraceptiuli hormonaluri abebi gamovida. samwuxarod am niSnis qveS daiwyo da gaiara seqsualurma revoluciam, 80-ian wlebisTvis msoflio mosaxleobis umetesoba Tvlida, rom eqim kondomis gamogonebam Tavisi dro moWama. Sedegma ar daayovna... aiv/Sidis elviseburma gavrcelebam gazarda prezervativis roli efeqturi profilaqtikis sferoSi. dResdReobiT gavrcelebul sqesobrivi gziT gadamdeb daavadebebisgan aiv/Sidsi, virusuli hepatitebi, sifilisi, gonorea (tri peri), qlamidiozi, triqomoniazi, miko- da ureaplazmozi, herpes- da papilomavirusuli infeqciebi da sxv. - Tavis dacvis yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgens prezervativi. msofliom miaqcia yuradReba, rom prezervativi ara mxolod Casaxvis sawinaaRmdego, aramed daavadebebisgan Tavdacvis saSualebacaa. masala moamzada sainformacio samedicino fsiqologiurma centrma "Tanadgoma"

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aurzauri arafris gamo

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kampaniis - "yvela gansxvavebuli - yvela Tanaswori" - garSemo mediaSi atexilma arajansaRma aJiotaJma da kampaniis farglebSi dagegmili erT-erTi RonisZiebis gei aRlumad monaTvlam, didi vnebaTaRelva gamoiwvia sazogadoebaSi. aqcis organizatorTa araerTgzis micemuli ganmartebis miuxedavad, sazogadoebis erT nawils mtkiced sjera, rom kampania, romelic evrosabWos egidiT ukve 12 welia imarTeba da mimarTulia "rasizmis, antisemitizmis, qsenofobiisa da diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg brZolis gasaZliereblad", mainacadamainc TbilisSi "dagegmili" gei aRlumis SesaniRbavad iyo wamowyebuli. "flobde mniSvnelovan informacias, niSnavs gqondes Zalaufleba; unari, ganasxvavo mniSvnelovani informacia umniSvnelosagan, kidev ufro met Zalauflebas ganiWebs; SesaZlebloba gaavrcelo mniSvnelovani informacia sakuTari reJisuriT an araferi Tqva mis Sesaxeb, niSnavs, rom ormag Zalauflebas flob". (1) ase afaseben germaneli politologebi mediis rolsa da SesaZleblobebs sazogadoebrivi azriT manipulirebis procesebSi. bolodroindelma movlenebma naTlad dagvanaxa Tu ra SeuZliaT maT, vinc "ormag Zalauflebas" floben.
sasurveli realoba

tyuilis Tqmis survili sxvadasxva mizeziT SeiZleba iyos gamowveuli. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, fsiqologTa azriT, es erTgvari meTodia sasurveli realobis Seqmnisa, romelic gansxvavebdeba arsebulisagan. fsevdorealobis modelirebis procesSi medias uamravi saSualebis gamoyeneba SeuZlia. erT-erTi aseTi xerxia ori sxvadasxva movlenis xelovnurad dakavSireba erTmaneTTan. sxva sakiTxia, Tu ra amoZravebs konkretul Jurnalists, roca evrosabWos kampanias TbilisSi "gei-praidis" mowyobis winasawarakviatebul ideas ukavSirebs. "aliam" wels ukve mesamed scada sazogadoebis "daSineba" gei aRlumiT, romelic Turme xan foTSi unda gaimarTos da xan TbilisSi. amasTan, rogorc wesi, statiaSi miTiTebulia, rom gazeTi sakuTar "kuluarul informacize" dayrdnobiT avrcelebs am Worebs: ""alias" kuluaruli informaciiT, maisSi didi forumi gaimarTeba... <> "alias" respodenti tato gvarwmunebs, rom maisSi zRvispira qalaqSi saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli yvela seqsualuri mimdinareobis warmomadgenlebi Seikribebian, dawyebuli geebiT, damTavrebuli lesboselebiT". (2) "saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul seqsualur mimdinareobebze" rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, dezinformaciis gavrcelebis gamo, gadavwyviteT davkavSirebodiT gazeTis redaqcias da informaciis wyaros dazusteba movTxoveT, razedac, redaqciam uari ganacxada. daaxloebiT erT kviraSi ki "alia" isev daubrunda Temas da erTgul mkiTxvels acnoba, rom foTSi aRlumi aRar Catardeba. gei aRlumebTan dakavSirebuli provokaciis msxverpli gasuli wlis noemberSic gavxdiT, rodesac Jurnal "mesTan" dakavSirebiT micemul interviuebs, P.S.-is Jurnalistma, niu-iorkis gei praidis kadrebi miaweba da "marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSirs"

mimarTa kiTxviT: rogor moiqceviT, TbilisSi rom gei-praidi Catardeso. am SemTxvevaSi Jurnalistis mier modelirebuli sasurveli "realoba" dapirispirebisa da konfliqtebis provocirebis mcdeloba - advilad amosakiTxia. "imedis" Jurnalisti, romelmac "29 ivliss dagegmil gei aRlumze" moamzada siuJeti, ufro Sors wavida da "gvikarnaxa" kidevac ekranidan, rogor unda moviqceT aseT SemTxvevaSi (siuJetSi naCvenebi iyo moskovSi gei praidis darbevis amsaxveli kadrebi). movlenaTa ganviTarebiT SeSfoTebulma aqciis organizatorma da evrosabWos warmomadgenelma Sesabamisi gancxadeba gaakeTes da imave media-saSualebebiT acnobes sazogadoebas, rom dagegmil aqcias araferi hqonda saerTo gei-aRlumTan. Tumca, incidenti amiT ar amowurula.
"Tu ginda gjerodes, unda daijero"

Jurnalistikis amocana auditoriisaTvis miukerZoebeli, daumaxinjebeli informaciis miwodebaa. Jurnalistebis miukerZoebloebaze saubriT Tavs ar SegawyenT. Tumca, roca Jurnalisti sakuTari fobiebis proecirebas axdens ama Tu im movlenaze an konkretul adamianze, misi msxverpli, konkretuli respodentis garda, mTeli sazogadoeba xdeba. miTumetes, roca sazogadoebac fobiebiTaa Sepyrobili ieRovelebi rwmenas gvarTmeven, Cinelebi - samuSao adgilebs, azerbaijanelebi "Cvens jinaze" aCenen bavSvebs, somxebi - istorias gviyalbeben da ase dausruleblad. socialur-ekonomikuri krizisis fonze mediis aseTi Tavgamodeba kidev ufro aRvivebs qsenofobiis Semotevebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom kampaniis "yvela gansxvavebuli, yvela Tanasworis" organizatorebma da monawileebma mravaljer uaryves kampaniis kavSiri gei-praidTan, Semdeg ki saerTod uari Tqves kam-

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paniis Catarebaze, sazogadoebis eqstazSi Cavardnili nawili aqtiurad agrZelebda gegmis SemuSavebas - rogor daarbevdnen ararsebuli aRlumis ararsebul monawileebs. am SemTxvevaSi, Jurnalistebis mier modelirebuli fsevdorealoba sazogadoebis homofobiuri nawilis moTxovnis adeqvaturi aRmoCnda.
homofobia, r ogorc politikuri b rZolis i araRi

"aliaSi" gamoqveynebuli wina ori statiisagan gansxvavebiT amjerad irakli mamalaZis "Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis" Sedegebs mxolod "rusTavi 2sa" da "imedis" Jurnalistebi ar gamoxmaurebian. vfiqrob, "skandalurobis" garda JurnalistTa amgvari daintereseba TemiT statiaSi gakeTebulma miniSnebebma gamoiwvia: "araoficialuri informaciiT, saakaSvilis mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT, TbilisSi grandiozuli gei-paradi Catardeba... <> ise, TbilisSi putins dascinodnen, roca moskovSi geebis Tavyriloba daarbia - seqsualuri umciresobis uflebebs aRRvevso... vnaxoT, gaxdeba Tu ara Tavad saakaSvili dacinvis sagani". (3) "alias" mier agorebulma isteriam nel-nela sxva forma miiRo. TemiT spekulireba ukve politikurma Zalebma da calkeulma institutebma daiwyes. dezinformacias saqarTveloSi gei-praidis Catarebis Sesaxeb SesaSuri operatiulobiT gamoexmaurnen calkeuli rusulenovani media saSualebebi. sainformacio saagentos "rosbaltis" informaciebTan erTad ( + @ @ ), internet gamocemis "ruseTis saidumlo

masalebis" (4) veb-gverdze gamoCnda vinme genadi yaryaraSvilis statia: @ @, sadac saakaSvilis garda sanakoevic "gaiyvanes saqmeSi. 23 ivliss, ararsebuli aRlumis Temas sapatriarqoc gamoexmaura, gamoxata "eklesiis pozicia homoseqsualizmisadmi" da xelisufleba da aqciis organizatorebi "SesaZlo fizikuri dapirispirebis Sesaxeb" gaafrTxila. "sruliad saqarTvelos adamianTa uflebebis dacvis asociaciis" warmomadgenlebma, romelTac aqcia jer sapatriarqosTan gamarTes, 29 ivliss ki veris baRSi Seikribnen "codvilebisaTvis" cxvir-piris daJeJvis mizniT (!), gamoacxades, rom maTTvis cnobilia im adamianTa saxelebi vinc kancelariidan da parlamentidan lobirebs homoseqsualebs: "mjera, rom es idea kancelariidan modis. homoseqsualebis aRlumi arsebuli reJimis mieraa dagegmili, vinaidan maT asec surT, msofliosa da evrosabWos moaCvenon,

saqarTveloSi demokratia viTardeba da adamianis uflebebi daculiao, sanacvlod ki iqidan grantebi miiRon". (5) aRlumis mowyobasTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi azri daafiqsires irakli wereTelma, CoxaSi gamowyobilma kavSirgabmulobis yofilma minsitrma fridon injiam da sapatriarqos yofilma pres-mdivanma giorgi andriaZemac. protesti organizacia "qarTuli azris" warmomadgenlebmac gamoTqves. Tu Tvals mivadevnebT homoseqsualobis Temis gaaqtiurobis dinamikas bolo wlebSi, advilad SesamCnevia, rogor hgavs es yvelaferi 7-9 wlis winandel movlenebs, rodesac pozicia-opoziciis saxelisuflebo brZolaSi homoseqsualobis TemiT spekulireba politikuri brZolis erT-erT mTavar iaraRs warmoadgenda. saintereseoa imis gaxsenebac, Tu konkretulad romeli Zalebi axdendnen am TemiT spekulirebas. moskovidan sagangebo misiiT Camosuli vaxtang WkuaselTan erTad, "cisferTa SeTqmulebis" miTis SeqmnaSi aqtiur monawileobas fsevdoopoziciis ("aRorZineba") da poziciis prorusuli Zalebis warmomadgenlebic iRebdnen ("socialistebis" Tavmjdomares saferfliTac ki gautexes Tavi amis gamo). paralelebi aSkaraa. msaxiobebi icvlebian, fabula da reJisori ki ucvleli rCeba. eTnikuri warmoSoba aqtualuri aRaraa. samagierod, rogorc sacdelma eqsperimentma aCvena, homofobiuri ganwyoba sakmarisad Zlieria qveyanaSi, rac sazogadoebrivi azris mani pulirebisaTvis noyier niadags qmnis. mosalodnelia, rom winasaarCevno procesis moaxloebasTan erTad, Tema ufro da ufro aqtualuri da politikurad datvirTuli gaxdeba.

eka aRdgomelaSvili
(1) Politikwissenschaft: eine Grundlegung. Bd. 2. Stuttgart; Berlin; Koln; Mainz: hrsg von Klaus von Beume. 1987. P. 60. (2) gazeTi "alia". # 41. 12-13 aprili, 2007 weli. "foTSi cisferebi da lesboselebi saidumlo SekrebisaTvis emzadebian" (3) gazeTi "alia". # 82, 17-18 ivlisi, 2007 weli. "pederastebi" TbilisSi "paradisaTvis" emzadebian (4) http://informacia.ru/ (5) gazeTi "saqarTvelos respublika". #140. 21.07.2007. "feradovani" aRlumi TbilisSi? es idea kancelariidan modiso!

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homofobia
evroparlamentis 2006 wlis 18 ianvars miRebul rezoluciaSi termini homofobia asea ganmartebuli: "iracionaluri SiSi da siZulvili lesboselebis, geebis, biseqsualobisa da transgenderebi adamianebis mimarT, romelic efuZneba winaswarganwyobas da msgavsia rasizmis, qsenofobiis, antisemitizmsa da seqsizmisa" (1). homofobiis, rasizmis, qsenofobiis, antisemitizmisa da seqsizmis erT rangSi ganxilva erTi mxriv, migvaniSnebs im socialuri da fsiqologiuri meqanizmebis msgavsebaze, romliTac aRiwereba TviToeuli es movlena da meore mxriv, xazs usvavs homofobiasTan, rogorc saSiS socialur problemasTan brZolis mniSvnelovanebasa da aucileblobas. mecnierebma mxolod 70 aTian wlebSi daiwyes homofobiis Seswavla. mas Semdeg, rac 1973 wels, amerikis fsiqologTa asociaciam homoseqsualoba fsiqikur daavadebaTa siidan amoiRo, mecnierebi seriozulad dainteresdnen mizezebiT, romelic ganapirobebs Zlier negatiur ganwyobas homoseqsualTa/ homoseqsualobis mimarT.
cotaodeni ram terminis Sesaxeb

Tema

im SiSis an zizRis aRsawerad, romelsac adamianebi geebis an homoseqsualuri qcevis mimarT ganicdian termini homofobia pirvelad fsiqoTerapevtma jorj vainbergma gamoiyena. vainbergi am movlenas iseve aRwerda rogorc Cveulebriv fobias: "homofobia, es Cveulebrivi fobiaa. avadmyofuri da iracionaluri SiSi, romelic vlindeba iracionalur qcevaSi, adamianis survilSi - gaanadguros wyaro, rasac misi SiSi ukavSirdeba. vinaidan am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, SiSis wyaros adamianebi warmoadgenen, homofobiuri reaqcia Zalian xSirad sastik mopyrobaSi vlindeba". (2) vainbergis mier Semotanili gansazRvreba ufro individualur antihomoseqsualur ganwyobas aRwers da srulad ver gamoxatavs homoseqsualobis mimarT koleqtiuri damokidebulebis Sinaarss; fobia adamianis pirovnul, xSirad gaucnobierebel SiSs ufro hqvia, aq ki saqme gvaqvs sazogadoebis sakmaod didi nawilis ganwyobasTan "umciresobis" mimarT, romlic sakmaod gaazrebulia. kidev erTi termini, romelic sazogadoebis damokidebulebis aRsawerad gamoiyeneboda da negatiuri ganwyobis sxva gamovlinebebTan (rasizmi, seqsizmi, antisemitizmi) paralelebze miuTiTebda, "heteroseqsizmia". igi aRwerda im ideologiur sistemas, romelic uaryofs, cils swamebs da devnis araheteroseqsualuri qcevis nebismier formas, pirovnebas, urTierTobas an sazogadoebas. (3) mecnieruli analizis TvalsazrisiT, yvelaze morgebuli termini mainc seqsualuri winaswarganwyobaa (prejudice), romelic aRwerilobiTi terminia da seqsualuri orientaciis gamo (homo, hetero, biseqsualebis mimarT) uaryofiT damokidebulebas aRniSnavs. (4)

homofobiis gansazRvreba im mniSvnelobiT, romliTac dRes iyeneben, ufro farToa, vidre vainbergiseuli termini da praqtikulad, moicavs heteroseqsizmsac da seqsualur winaswarganwyobasac: "homofobia war moadgens winaswarganwyobaze dafuZnebul ira c i o n a l u r S i S s a d a s i Z u l v i l s le s b o s e l e b i s , geebis, biseqsualobisa da transgenderi adami a n e b i s m i m a r T d a m s g a v s i a r a s i z m i s , q s e n of o b i i s , antisemitizmsa da seqsizmisa".
homofobiis fsiqo-socialuri safuZvlebi s

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bolo periodamde, rogorc wesi, mecnierebi homofobiis gavlenas swavlobdnen lgbt jgufsa da mis TviToeul wevrze da naklebi yuradReba eqceoda homofobiis, rogorc socialuri problemis Seswavlas, misi warmoSobis mizezebisa da daZlevis gzebis Ziebas. xSirad igive xdeba, rodesac vsaubrobT seqsizmis, rasizmisa da antisemitizmis Sesaxeb. Seswavlisa da analizis TvalsazrisiT, yuradRebis centrSi yovelTvis eqceva diskriminirebuli jgufi, rac xels uwyobs jgufis stigmatizacias, rogorc msxverplisa. erTi SexedviT, rCeba STabeWdileba, rom es mxolod diskriminirebuli jgufis an konkretuli adamianis problemaa da ara mTeli sazogadoebisa. Sedegad, yalibdeba mcdari azri, rom seqsizmi, antisemitizmi, raszimi da homofobia zemoqmedebs da vnebs mxolod im adamianTa konkretul jgufs, rimlis winaaRmdegacaa mimarTuli es praqtika da gavlenas ar axdens mis matarebelze an jgufze. am TavSi, SevecdebiT gaCvenoT, Tu ra ra fsiqosocialuri safuZvlebi gaaCnia homofobias, ra uwyobs xels mis Camoyalibebasa da SenarCunebas rogorc individualur, ise socialur doneze. hereki Tvlis, rom individualur doneze geebisa da lesboselebis mimarT winaswarganwyobas xSirad

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safuZvlad udevs adamianis survili aimaRlos TviTSefaseba sxva adamianis damcirebis xarjze, daamtkicos/gaaZlieros mikuTvnebuloba romelime socialur jgufTan. mag. eklesiis warmomadgeneli, romelic anaTemas gadascems homoseqsualebs, amiT amtkicebs Tavis religiur identobas; meore adamianma SeiZleba binZurad ixumros geebis an lesboselebis Sesaxeb, raTa megobrebis (ojaxis wevrebis, mezoblebis...) keTilganwyoba moi povos. garda amisa, winaswarganwyobebis SenarCuneba geebisa da lesboselebis mimarT zog adamians exmareba moaxdinos sakuTari araadeqvaturobis kompensireba da daZlios Sinagani fsiqiuri konfliqti. geebisa da lesboselebis gantevebis vacad qceviT, zogierTi heteroseqsuali cdilobs gadalaxos sakuTari arasrulfasovnebis grZnoba. geebsa da lesboselebze TavdasxmiT, es adamianebi sakuTari grZnobebisagan distancirebisaTvis am grZnobebis proecirebas axdenen sxvaze. es ki SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc ti piuri fobiuri reaqcia. (5) unda aRiniSnos, rom homofobia individualur doneze mJRavndeba maSin, rodesac individis moTxovnebi ikveTeba kulturul ideologiur SexedulebebTan homoseqsualobze. individisaTvis antihomoseqsualuri ganwyobis gamJRavnebas mxolod maSin aqvs azri, Tu sakuTari Tavis aRqma mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli iseTi socialuri jgufis wevrobasTan, romelic uaryofs homoseqsualebs/homoseqsualobas. (6) sazogadoebaSi homofobiis xarisxze gavlenas axdens iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa jgufuri (sazogadoebrivi) ideologia, wes-Cveulebebi da tradiciebi, socialur-ekonomikuri, politikuri da demografiuli procesebi. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos sazogadoebrivi liderebisa da masmediis poziciac sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi. akademikosi koni Semdegnairad aRwers im makrosocialuri faqtorebs: 1. socialuri da kulturuli Semwynareblobis zogadi done sazogadoebaSi. avtoritarizmi da Seumwynarebloba gansxvavebis mimarT SeuTavsebelia rogorc seqsualur, ise sxva yvelanair pluralizmTan. totalitaruli azrovnebisaTvis, adamiani, romelsac "sxvagvarad" uyvars, pirvel rigSi imitomaa saSiSi sazogadoebisaTvis, rom disidentia. sazogadoeba, romelic cdilobs Sarvlis siganisa da Tmebis sigrZis unficirebas, verc "gansxvavebuli" seqsualobis mimarT iqneba Semwynarebluri. 2. seqsualuri SfoTvis maRali xarisxi. rac ufro antiseqsualuria kultura, miT ufro metia masSi seqsualuri tabuebi da SiSebi. aseT situaciaSi, adamianisagan, romelsac ar SeuZlia miiRos Tavisi seqsualoba, gulubryviloba iqneba velodoT Semwynareblobas sxvis mimarT. 3. seqsizmis, genderuli da sqesobrivi Sovinizmis done sazogadoebaSi. agresiuli maskulinobis kulti mxolod qalebis winaaRmdeg rodia mimarTuli. is xels uwyobs amgvari ierarqiuli urTierTobebis Camoyalibebasa da ganmtkicebas mamakacTa sazogadoebaSic. amis mkafio magaliTebi uxvadaa izolirebul sivrceebSi, rogoricaa cixe an jari. (amerikeli sociologis, maikl kimelis ariT, homofobia gamoxatavs ara imdenad SiSs mamakaci homoseqsualis mimarT, ramdenadac zogadad sxva mamakacebis mimarT). 4. tradiciuli ideologiis xasiaTi, gansakuTrebiT religia da misi damokidebuleba seqsualobasTan. 5. sazogadoebis seqsualuri kulturisa da ganaTlebis zogadi done. Tumca, TavisTavad ganaTleba ar aTavisuflebs adamianebs crurwmenebisagan da winaswari ganwyobebisagan. Tumca, garkveul situaciaSi exmareba maT daZlevaSi. 6. socio-politikuri faqtorebi. iseve rogorc p sxva socialuri fobiebi da jgufuri siZulvilis gamovlinebis faqtebi Zlierdeba, heteroseqsizmi Zlierdeba socialuri krizisebis dros, roca vinmes sWirdeba xiluli mtris xati an gantevebis vacis povna da advilad SesaZlebelia moraluri panikis Seqmna. (7) yvela es faqtori dakavSirebulia erTmaneTTan, isini kompleqsurad moqmedeben da saboloo jamSi ganapirobeben homofobiis dones rogorc calkeul individebSi, ise mcire socialur jgufebsa Tu sazogadoebaSi misi socialur-istoriuli ganviTarebis konkretul etapze. homofobiis gamovlinebis xarisxisa da simZafris Sesafaseblad xSirad sargebloben gordon olportis (8) mier SemuSavebuli SkaliT: 1. verbaluri uaryofa (lesboselebisa da geebis mimarT SiSisa da zizRis sajarod gamoxatva verbalurad; binZuri xumrobebi da damamcirebeli metsaxelebis gamoyeneba); 2. diskriminacia (Tanabari uflebebiT sargeblobaze uaris Tqma lgbt adamianebisaTvis; maTi araRiareba, rogorc Tanasworuflebiani moqalaqeebisa) 3. fizikuri Zaladoba (cema, seqsualuri Zaladoba, mkvleloba)

11

Tema


homofobia
internalizebuli homofobia sazogadoebaSi arsebuli homofobia mZimed aisaxeba lgbt jgufis wevrebzec. mTliani jgufis mimarT negatiuri damokidebuleba xSir SemTxvevaSi gavlenas axdens jgufis wevrTa TviTSefasebaze, rac SeiZleba sxvadasxva formiT vlindebodes. Tavdacvis mizniT bevri homoseqsuali axdens heteroseqsualuri qcevis imitacias; bevri maTgani mTlianad iketeba jgufSi da amJRavnebs agdebul damokidebulebas heteroseqsualTa mimarT (heterofobia), zogi ganicdis siamayis hi pertrofirebul grZnobas sakuTari orientaciis gamo da sxv. Tavis mxriv, dabali TviTSefaseba SeiZleba gamomJRavndes avtoagresiul moq-

Tema

diskriminaciuli ciklis gaanalizebis safuZvelze, dominik divaisi gvTavazobs internalizebuli homofobiis daZlevis gzebs sxvadasxva doneze. (6) * sakuTari Tavis miReba iseTad, rogoric xarT; * TviTbraldebis tendenciis gadalaxva rogorc sakuTar TavSi, ise sxvebSi; * izolaciis negatiuri Sedegebis gacnobiereba da garSemomyofebTan axlo urTierTobebis damyareba; * diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg brZola (sakuTari Sexedulebebis Riad gamoTqma; Cagvris negatiuri Sedegebis xazgasma - winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maT SeiZleba CaTvalon, rom Tqven gawyobT amgvari mdgomareobaSi yofna; dadebiTi roluri modelebis Seqmna da demonstrireba; diskriminirebulTa mxardaWera da sxv).

medebebSic (narkotikebi, alkoholi, suicidi, sakuTar janmrTelobaze zrunvis survilis arqona - cudi kveba da dasveneba, arasrulyofili intimuri urTierTobebi da sxv). zogierTi adamiani internalizebuli homofobiis gamo Trgunavs sakuTar seqsualur interessac, mimarTavs aseqsualuri cxovrebis praqtikas. amis niadagze SeiZleba gaZlierdes qronikuli SfoTva da daZabuloba, qveiTdeba imuniteti, rasac mivyavarT fizikuri da fsiqikuri janmrTelobis ganadgurebamde.

sxvadasxva socialuri fobiebis kvlevisas mecnierebma garkveul warmatebebs miaRwies maTi warmoSobis SesaZlo wyaroebis, gavlenebisa da zemoqmedebis meqanizmis axsnaSi. Tumca, martivi pasuxi imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba daiZlios es fobiebi, ar arsebobs. sxvadasxva qveynebis gamocdileba da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis Zalisxmeva, romelic seqsizmis, rasizmis, antisemitizmisa da qsenofobiis sxvadasxva formebis daZlevazea mimarTuli, gvaCvenebs, rom individualuri da socialuri Semwynareblobis xarisxi izrdeba ganviTarebul qveynebSi. Tumca, Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad Seuqcevadia es procesebi. evropasa da amerikaSi rasizmisa da antisemitizmis adgils islamofobia ikavebs, aRmosavleT evropasa da postsabWoTa qveynebSi SiSs "ideologiuri ucxos" mimarT religiuri da eTnikuri Seumwynarebloba da homofobia Caenacvla. liberalurdemokratiuli faseulobebis sasargeblod gakeTebuli arCevani am faseulobaTa SenarCunebisaTvis zrunvasa da uwyvet samoqalaqo aqtivobas moiTxovs.

12

eka aRdgomelaSvili

(1) European Parliament resolution on homophobia in Europe. P6_TA(2006)0018. 18 January 2006 (2) Gay Today. Vol. VIII. Issue 167. Interview with George Weinberg: Love is Conspiratorial, Deviant & Magical. (3) Herek, G. M. (1990). The context of anti-gay violence: Notes on cultural and psychological heterosexism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5, 316-333. (4) Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 19-22. (5) Gutis, P.S., "Attacks on U.S. Homosexuals Held Alarmingly Widespread". The New York Times, p.A24, June 8, 1989) (6) Herek, G.M. (1991). Stigma, prejudice, and violence against lesbians and gay men. In J. Gonsiorek & J. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy .

(7) .. " ". M.2003

(8) Allport, G.W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

(9) . . // .( . ., .). . - : 2001;

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homoseqsualebi da mesame raixi

homofobiasTan brZolis saerTaSoriso simbolod vardisferi samkuTxedis gamoyenebas Tavisi istoria aqvs, romelic hitleris xelisuflebaSi mosvlas ukavSirdeba. boSebTan da ebraelebTan erTad, homoseqsualebi im "arasasurvel" adamianTa jgufs ganekuTvnebodnen, vis ganadgurebasac nacisturi reJimi apirebda. germaniis kanonmdeblobis erT-erTi muxlSi (175-e paragrafi), romelic homoseqsualur urTierTobebs krZalavda, hitleris mier Setanili iqna cvlilebebi, romelTa mixedviTac ikrZaleboda agreTve kocna, Caxuteba, homoseqsualuri fantaziebi(!) da, ra Tqma unda, seqsualuri aqtic. kanonis damrRvevebi jer cixeebSi, sasjelis moxdis Semdeg ki sakoncentracio banakebSi igzavnebodnen. gamotanili ganaCeni maT sterilizacias iTvaliswinebda, rasac xSirad Tan sdevda kastraciac. 1942 wels hitlerma gaamkacra sasjeli homoseqsualuri aqtisaTvis da sikvdiliT dasja SemoiRo. samwuxarod, istorikosebs ar uyvarT amaze saubari. vardisferi samkuTxedis simbolo ewinaaRmdegeba aseT midgomas da aravis aZlevs istoriis daviwyebis nebas.(1) masalebi, romlebic nacistur germaniaSi homoseqsualTa mdgomareobas asaxavda pirvelad 70ian wlebSi gamoCnda jeims sTiqlis statiebis saxiT (2). statiebSi avtori exeba germanel homoseqsualTa emansipaciis moZraobis adreul stadiasac. qvemoT gTavazobT am werilebis Semoklebul variants.
nacistur germaniaSi homoseqsualTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb sakmaod mwiri informacia moi poveba. zogierTi istorikosi gakvriT exeba nacisturi elitis "miuRebel saqmianobas", romelic, savaraudod, "seqsualuri gadaxris mqone adamianebis" mimarT araadeqvaturi iyo. Tumca aseT braldebebs, rogorc wesi, saTanado faqtebi da analizi ar mohyveba xolme Tan. mkvlevarebi ubralod cdiloben Tavi aaridon am Temas. dawvrilebiTma Seswavlam gviCvena, rom nacistebi sazogadoebaSi arsebul homofobias xSirad iyenebdnen individisa Tu jgufis saxelis gasatexad. nacistebi bevr rameSi scodavdnen, magram maTi "miuRebeli saqmianoba" homoseqsualTa winaaRmdeg iseTive danaSaulia kacobriobis winaSe, rogorc ebraelebis an boSebis gagzavna sakoncentracio banakebSi. is, rom homoseqsualebi aseTi danaSaulebebis mTavari msxverpli iyvnen, naxsenebia im periodis Sesaxeb Seqmnil mxolod ramodenime naSromSi. is istorikosebi, romlebic aseT faqtebs aRweren, cdiloben, laparaki nacistur germaniaSi arsebul sxva umciresobebze gadaitanon, Tumca aTobiT da, SesaZloa, asobiT aTasi homoseqsuali gaigzavna nacistur sakoncentracio banakebSi. banakebis patimarTa ierarqiaSi isini yvelaze dabal adgilebs ikavebdnen da Seviwrovebas ganicdidnen rogorc zedamxedvelebis, aseve sxva patimrebis mxridan. sakoncentracio banakis TiToeuli tusaRi valdebuli erTi SexedvisTanave yofiliyo cxadi misi dapatimrebis mizezi. bunebrivia, es patimrebs Soris garkveuli socialuri ierarqiis Camoyalibebasac uwyobda xels. mwvane samkuTxeds ubralo kriminaluri elementebi atarebdnen; wiTels - politpa-

13

timrebi. erTmaneTis gadamfaravi yviTeli samkuTxedebi, romelTa kombinaciac daviTis varskvlavs qmnida, patimris ebraul warmoSobaze miuTiTebda. vardisfer samkuTxeds homoseqsualebi atarebdnen. daviTis yviTel varskvlavze gadakerebuli vardisferi samkuTxedi patimarTa ierarqiis yvelaze dabal safexurze mdgomi homoseqsuali ebraelebis niSani iyo.(3) sxvadasxva monacemebiT, nacisturi reJimis batonobis ganmavlobaSi moklul homoseqsualTa ricxvi ormocdaaTi aTasidan asi aTasamde meryeobs. omis dasrulebis Semdegac ki, banakebSi Zalian bevri homoseqsuali agrZelebda sasjelis moxdas, radgan 175-e paragrafi dasavleT germaniaSi 1969 wlamde darCa ZalaSi. swored es gaxldaT imis mizezi, rom isini, vinc sakoncentracio banaks gadaurCnen, cdilobdnen daemalaT es faqti. homoseqsualebs uari uTxres nebismier kompensaciaze maSin, roca sxvebis mimarT dasavleT germaniis mTavrobam araCveulebrivi guluxvoba gamoamJRavna.
* * *

mesame raixis institucionizebuli homofobia, ganxiluli unda iqnas im seqsualuri revoluciis fonze, romelic germaniaSi nacistebis xelisuflebaSi mosvlis wina aTwleulebSi moxda. geebis moZraoba germaniaSi ocdaTeqvsmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi

istoria

 istoria
homoseqsualebi da mesame raixi
arsebobda, sanam (yvela sxva progresul ZalebTan erTad) gaanadgurebdnen. nacistebma "konservatiuli revolucia" moaxdines, romelmac kanoniereba da wesrigi mecxramete saukunis sqesobriv diskriminaciasTan erTad aRadgina. magaliTad, Sinagan saqmeTa ministris vilhelm frikma, romelic homoseqsualebze "umowyalo nadirobis" gamocxadebas iTxovda, STamomavlebis ricxvis mixedviT qalebis klasificirebis sistema SemoiRo. nacisturi ideologia sakmaod mkafiod gansazRvravda qalis rolsa da daniSnulebas sazogadoebaSi, romelic "Kinder-Kitchen-Kirchen"-iT (bavSvebisamzareulo-eklesia) amoiwureboda. qalebi, romlebic ar Seesabamebodnen am pirobas, homoseqsualebTan, boSebTan da ebraelebTan erTad xvdebodnen sakoncentracio banakebSi "antisocialurobis" gamo (4). yvelaze sasacilo is iyo, rom biologiuri argumentebi homoseqsualTa wianaaRmdeg geebis adreuli moZraobis mier SemuSavebul Teoriebs eyrdnoboda. magnus hirSfeldma da samecniero-humanitaruli komitetis wevrebma "mesame sqesi" germaniaSi miRebul terminad aqcies; magram mesame raixis mkacrad heteroseqsualuri sazogadoeba mouTmeneli iyo "sqesTSorisi variantebis" mimarT da tolerantobisaken nebismier mowodebas ugulebelyofda. cnobili nacisti iuristi, doqtori rudolf klare werda: "radganac saeklesio/qristianuli mowyalebis idea humanizmze masonuri Sexedulebis safuZvelia, igi mkveTrad ewinaaRmdegeba Cvens nacionalur socialistur msoflmxedvelobas da is apriori unda uarvyoT, rogorc homoseqsualTa dausjelobis gamamarTlebeli mizezi".
***

romis homoseqsualobiT axsna. raRa Tqma unda, hitlerma romis homoseqsualobis Sesaxeb 1919 wlidan icoda, xolo farTo sazogadoebisTvis es faqti 1925 wels gaxda cnobili. mTeli am periodis ganmavlobaSi nacisturi partia mkafiod gamoxatul antihomoseqsualur politikas atarebda da mravali nacisti acxadebda, rom romi mTel partias uwevda diskreditacias, ris gamoc aucilebeli iyo partiis rigebidan misi moSoreba. Tumca, hitleri gulmodgined mfarvelobda mas, sanam igi sxva, ufro mniSvnelovan gegmebs ar gadaeRoba.

14
nacistebis partia xelisuflebaSi 1933 wels movida. erTi wlis Semdeg romi cocxali aRar iyo. sanam romi da misi xalxi migzavnili mkvlelebis alyaSi iyvnen (roms SesTavazes pistoleti da Tavis mokvlis SesaZlebloba misces, magram man jalaTebs miaZaxa: "de, hitlerma gaakeTos Tavisi binZuri saqme!"), axalma kadrebis ufrosma fiurerisagan pirveli aseTi brZaneba miiRo: "me "SA"-s yvela liderisagan moveli, rom isini yvela saSualebiT gaaZliereben organizacias da mas wminda da SeubRalav reputacias SeunarCuneben. minda, rom yvela dedas SeeZlos, Tavisi Svili "SA"--Si, partiasa da hitler iugendSi gauSvas da ar eSinodes, rom iq igi moralurad gairyvneba. Sesabamisad, "SA"-s yvela meTaurisagan moviTxov, yvela Rone ixmaron da 175-e paragrafiT gansazRvruli nebismieri darRvevis aRmoCenisas damnaSaveTa dauyovneblivi garicxva uzrunvelyon "SA"-s da partiis rigebidan."

homoseqsualebis winaaRmdeg nacisturi teroris dasawyisi 1934 wlis 30 ivniss ernst romis mkvlelobiT aRiniSna; am TariRs "grZeli danebis Rame" ewoda. "romi iyo adamiani, romelmac Tavisi politikuri potenciali hitlers pirvelad 1919 wels daanaxa da Semdgomi 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi isini axlo megobrebi iyvnen. am periodis ganmavlobaSi romma "SA"-s kadrebis ufrosis Tanamdebobas miaRwia da yavisferperangianTa policia xuTasiaTasian efeqtur sabrZolo Zalad - nacisturi teroris Seucvlel iaraRad gadaaqcia. hitlers romis samxedro gamocdileba da piradi loialoba sWirdeboda, magram igi pirvel rigSi pragmatikosi gaxldaT. raixsveris meTaurebTan, romelTa mxardaWerac hitlers fiurerad gaxdomaSi daexmareboda, garigebis erT-erTi nawili geringisa da himlerisaTvis micemuli romisa da misi aTeulobiT oficris mkvlelobis nebarTva iyo. sazogadoebis da, gansakuTrebiT, "SA"-s maRalCinosanTa dasawynareblad, hitlerma Tavisi saqcieli

(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)

(1) aRsaniSnavia isic, rom dResac, sakmaod xSirad homofobebis argumentebSi swored nacisturi ritorika sWarbobs. Cveni Jurnalis mexuTe nomridan viwyebT werilebis serias, romelic mesame raixSi homoseqsualTa mdgomareobis garda, am TemasTan zogadad totalitaruli reJimis damokidebulebaze visaubrebT. (2) James Steakley: Homosexuals and the Third Reich, The Body Politic 11, January/February 1974

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oskar u aildi - gemovnebis m etafizika

romelTac sakoncentracio banakebSi daasrules sicocxle. aranakleb tragikulia alan turingis (2) biografia, romelic uaildisagan gansxvavebiT, bolomde icavda sasamarTloze Tavs da amtkicebda, rom is rac or zrdasrul adamians Soris nebayoflobiTi kavSiris safuZvelze xdeba daxurul kars miRma, es am adamianebis piradi saqmea da saxelmwifos ufleba ara aqvs Caerios am urTierTobebSi. koni uaildis aseT popularobas homoseqsualis, rogoc socialuri identobis Camoyalibebis procesebs ukavSirebs: homoseqsualoba yovelTvis arsebobda, magram imisaTvis, rom individualuri fsiqo-socialuri Taviseburebani socialur identobad qceuliyo, saWiro iyo sajarooba. XIX saukunis bolos, viqtorianul inglisSi es procesebi sazizRari skandalebisa da sasamarTlo procesebis fonze mimdinareobda. oskar uaildis saxeli pirvel aseT sasamarTlo process ukavSirdeba. (3) oskar uaildi 1854 wels daibada dublinSi. gei Jurnalebis mier Catarebuli gamokiTxvebis mamamisi cnobili qirurgi iyo, deda maRali mixedviT, oskar uaildi dRemde rCeba gei wris qalbatoni, romelsac literaturuli sazogadoebis Tayvaniscemis obieqtad, romelsac saloni hqonda, irlandiuri folkloris wamebuli gmiris Saravandedic axlavs Tan. nimuSebs agrovebda da Tavadac werda leqsebs. mainc ra ganapirobebs uaildis aseT popugaremom, romelSic uaildi izrdeboda, didi larobas? gavlena moaxdina mis Semoqmedebasa da cxovrebis wesze. greim morisi, romelic uaildis popularobis kolejis damTavrebis Semdeg oskarma swavla mizezebs ikvlevda gei sazogadoebaSi, wers: ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, uailds uneblie wamebuli oqsfordSi gaagrZela. daxvewili esTetisa da dendis reputaciis garda, romliTac uaildi ufro SegviZlia vuwodoT. is xom imisaTvis oqsfordSi sargeblobda, mas icnobdnen darCa inglisSi, rom markiz quinsberisaTvis ciliswamebisa da SeuracxyofisaTvis eCivla. rogorc klasikuri literaturis seriozul mkvlevarsa da niWier poets. mSvenierebis misi da duglasis realuri urTierTobebis kultma, romlis Tavgamodebuli propagandisaRiarebis nacvlad, saTanado ficis micemis tic gaxda oskari, igi burJuaziuli faseuSemdeg, man sasamarTloze cruCvenebebis korilobebis kritikosad aqcia. Tumca, es bunti anteli daayena da Seecada daerwmunebina wminda esTeturi gaxldaT, romelic msajulebi, rom es grZnobebi arasodes mJRavndeboda ara mxolod mis daxvewil gadazrdila seqsualur urTierTobebSi. am logikiT, uaildi iseTive wamebulia gei ufle- leqsebSi, aramed mis epataJur qcevasa da Cacmis stilSic. pirvelad kulturis bebis dacvisaTvis, rogorc bil klintoni istoriaSi, xelovani sakuTar cxovrebas ganixheteroseqsuali mamakacebisaTvis, romlebic ilavda rogorc esTetiur aqts. mogvianebiT borotad iyeneben Tanamdebobas TanamSromel mas futuristebmac mibaZes. Tumca, is, rac XX qalebze seqsualuri zewolisaTvis. (1) saukunis dasawyisSi TiTqmis normad iqca istorias homoseqsualTa devnis uamravi magabohemisaTvis, viqtorianuli inglisisaTvis liTi axsovs. Tu homoseqsualTa dasjazea dauSvebeli iyo. saubari, inkviziciis mier gamotanili 1881 wlis dasasruls is amerikaSi gaemgzavra, ganaCenebis garda, ufro axlo warsulic sadac is literaturaze leqciebis kursis SegviZlia gavixsenoT aTasobiT adamiani,

15

ART

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oskar u aildi - gemovnebis m etafizika
wasakiTxavad miiwvies. uaildma pirvelma Camoayaliba inglisuri dekadensis princi pebi, romelic mogvianebiT Tavis traqtatebSi daamuSava. 1890 wels, amerikeli gamomcemlis dakveTiT, uaildi wers Tavis yvelaze gaxmaurebul romans dorian greis portreti. miuxedavad imisa, rom romanSi pirdapir araferia naTqvami erTsqesiani siyvarulis Sesaxeb, wignSi gamoTqmulma sarkastulma xumrobebma viqtorianul moralze saSinlad gaaRiziana konservatori ingliselebi. wignebis gavrcelebis msxvilma saagentom uari Tqva mis gavrcelebaze wignis binZuri Sinaarsis gamo. 1893 wels aikrZala uaildis frangulenovani piesis salomeas dadgma inglisis TeatrebSi. uzneobaSi dadanaSaulebam aq ufro seriozuli saxe miiRo, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi saqme bibliur siuJets exeboda. magram mTavari skandali, romelmac daangria ara mxolod misi, rogorc mwerlisa da dramaturgis kariera, aramed mTeli cxovreba, alfred duglasis saxels ukavSirdeba. cnobili dramaturgis homoerotizmi inglisSi did saidumlos ar warmoadgenda misi manerebi da megobruli kavSirebi bevr miTqmamoTqmas iwvevda jer kidev misi oqsfordSi swavlis periodSi. Tumca, lamazi biWebiT gatacebas xeli ar SeuSlia uaildisaTvis konstancia loidze daqorwinebaSi. 32 wlis asakSi xanmokle, magram myari kavSiris Semdeg robert rosTan (5), uaildma uari Tqva ojaxTan erTad cxovrebaze. samagierod mas xSirad xedavdnen mcirewlovani (imdroindel inglisSi srulwlovanebis asakad 21 weli iTvleboda) prostitutebis garemocvaSi. 1893 wels oskars misi erT-erTi mxurvale Tayvanismcemeli, lordi alfred duglasi gaacnes. Tavdapirvelad isini erTmaneTs iSviaTad xvdebodnen, uaildma duglass Tavisi leqsebis krebuli da dorian greis portreti aCuqa megobruli warweriT. SesaZloa maTi urTierToba amaze Sors arc wasuliyo rom ara erTi uxerxuli detali duglasis cxovrebaSi. misi erT-erTi sayvarlis mSoblebma saeWvo Sinaarsis werilebi i povnes da duglasis SantaJireba daiwyes fulis gamoZalvis mizniT. alfredma daxmarebisaTvis uailds mimarTa. mweralma advokatis meSveobiT gamoisyida duglasis werilebi SantaJistebisgan. am ambis Semdeg, bouzim (ase uwodebdnen axloblebi alfreds) uaildis cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili daikava. duglasi, rogorc WeSmariti narcisi, ver itanda martoobas, verc imas, rom misTvis kuTvnili yuradRebas sxvebsac unawilebdnen. amis gamo, uaildma ver SeZlo daemTavrebina ori dawyebuli tragedia. bouzis eWvianobis gamo veRar axerxebda ojaxTan da bavSvebTan drois gatarebas, romlebic Zalian uyvarda. bouzis siyvaruli yvelaferze Zlieri aRmoCnda uaildi mzad iyo yvelaferi daeTmo amisaTvis, respeqtabeloba, ojaxi, Semoqmedeba. bouzis didi gavlena hqonda uaildze. Tumca, sazogadoeba da duglasis axloblebi uailds adanaSaulebdnen mSvenieri da umwikvlo ymawvilis garyvnaSi. saqmeSi bouzis mama Caeria. lordma quinsberim, uailds werili gaugzavna, romelSic sodomistad da bavSvebis gamryvnelad moixseniebda. megobrebma uailds urCies yuradReba ar mieqcia SeuracxyofisaTvis an sazRvargareT wasuliyo sanam skandali Cacxreboda, magram alfredis zewoliT, oskarma gadawyvita saqme aReZra lord quinsberis winaaRmdg ciliswmebisaTvis. es katastrofis dasawyisi iyo. bouzisa da oskaris sasiyvarulo werilebis pirdapir axsnaze braldeba acilebuli iqna, magram moxuci markizis advokatebma sasamarTlos 13 mcirewlovani prostitutis Cveneba warudgines, sadac dawvrilebiT iyo aRwerili iyo Sexvedris adgilebi da dro roca uaildi maT xvdeboda. mwerali bralmdeblidan braldebulad iqca. sasamarTlos pirvel sxdomaze uaildi gmirulad icavda Tavs amtkicebda, rom misi urTieroba duglasTan arasodes gadazrdila seqsualurSi. igi am grZnobas axasiaTebda rogorc sufTa da keTilSobil grZnobas or mamakacs Soris. misma sityvebma STabeWdileba moaxdina publikaze. magram uaildma ver SeZlo igive gaekeTebina, roca saqme mcirewlovan prostitutebs Seexo. quinsberi gaamarTles, uaildis mimarT ki saqme aRiZra. megobrebi oskars safrangeTSi gaqcevas urCevdnen, magram man uari Tqva. uailds orwliani sakatorRo samuSaoebi miusajes. daiwyo binZuri kampania

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sasamarTlo procesi sakmarisze meti pirobaa uaildis popularobis asaxsnelad gei sazogadoebisaTvis. sxva azrisaa cnobili kritikosi da eseisti suzan zontagi, romelic kempis fenomens ikvlevs da uailds mis erTerT ideologad miiCnevs: (6) dendi kempis gamomgonebeli ki ara, pirvelaRmomCenia. maT pirvelebma gaacnobieres is, ufro swored, mixvdnen, rom isini Tavad warmoadgenen kemps. erT-erTi maTgani, vinc es mkafiod gaigo da sxvebsac gaagebina, oskar uaildi iyo (me Cemi saukunis kulturisa da xelovnebis simbolo viyavi. me es siymawvileSive vigrZeni, Semdeg, ki saukunesac vaiZule veRiarebine). Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom swored kempis fenomenma, misma kavSirma homoseqsualur subkulturasa da esTetikasTan daumkvidra geebs adgili saerTo kulturul sivrceSi, uCveulod aRar mogeCvenebaT misi popularoba da kanonizacia gei moZraobis gmirad.
(1) Graeme O. Morris. The Importance of Being Wilde. Queensland Bar News, May 2003 (2) alan turingi (1912 - 1954), brwyinvale logikosi, maTematikosi da skriptografi. informatikis pioneri, xelovnuri inteleqtis Teoriis fuZemdebeli. is 1952 wels gaasamarTles homoseqsualobis braldebiT. is mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi mtkiced icavda mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom or zrdasrul adamians Soris nebayofilebiTi kavSiri ar SeiZleba iTvlebodes danaSaulad. sasamarTlos ganaCeniT turings unda aerCia an erTwliani sasjeli cixeSi an mkurnaloba (maSin homoseqsualoba daavadebad iTvleboda). turingma ukanaskneli arCia da mas hormonebiT mkurnaloba dauniSnes. daniSnulma mkurnalobam libidos daqveiTebis garda, sxva movlenebic gamoiwvia, ramac turingi srul depresiaSi Caagdo: gasamarTlebidan erTi wlis Semdeg man cianidiT moiwamla Tavi.

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presaSi. dapatimrebis Semdeg uaildis saxeli gaqra Teatris afiSebidan, mis saxels aRaravin axsenebda. orwlianma katorRam da mudmivma presma sazogadoebis mxridan uaildi sabolood motexa. 1997 wlidan, ganTavisuflebis Semdeg, uaildi saxels icvlis da safrangeTSi gadadis sacxovreblad. XIX saukunis erT-erTi udidesma poetma da esTetma cxovrebis bolo sami weli srul siRaribesa da martoobaSi gaatara. uaildi 1900 wels gardaicvala parizSi. uaildis sasamarTlo procesma bevri ingliseli gei aiZula safrangeTSi eZebnaT TavSesafari. miuxedavad imisa, rom safrangeTis kanonmdebloba bevrad ufro liberaluri iyo, maRali sazogadoebis moraluri normebi didad ar gansxvavdeboda viqtorianulisagan. meore mxriv, uaildis procesma, romelze msjelobac aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda, cisferi Tema sazogadoebrivi da literaturuli cxovrebis miRma gamoitana. (5) erTi SexedviT, tragikuli biografia, legendad qceuli siyvaruli, genialoba, gaxmaurebuli

(3) .. " ( )". M.2003

(4) rosi yvelaze erTguli megobari aRmoCnda, romelsac arasodes miutovebia uaildi. oskaris sikvdilis Semdeg misi valebi gaistumra da finansurad exmareboda mis ojaxs. sikvdilis Semdeg, rosis ferfli uaildis saflavze damarxes per laSezis sasaflaoze. (5) . . . "" 2004, N6. (6) Sontag, Susan (1964). Notes on Camp in Against Interpretation and Other Essays. NY: 1968

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dasavlur kinoSi ukve warmoudgenelia avtoris SezRudva homoseqsualobis Temis Cvenebisas. warmoudgenelia mis mier raime saxis qveteqstebis Ziebac mayureblis gaRizianebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. homosuqsualuri siyvarulis amsaxvelma filmebma karga xania meinstrimSi gadainacvles. msoflioSiDmravali LGBT festivali da kinoforumi arsebobs. berlinis saerTaSoriso kinofestivalze ki 1987 wlidan moyolebuli specialuri jildoc daaweses - TEDDY, romelic ara mxolod stimuls aZlevs gei da lesboselTa TematikiT dakavebul kinematografistebs, aramed xiluls xdis kinoindustriaSi homoseqsualTa moRvaweobas. safestivalo cxovrebaSi monawileoba TavisTavad Zalian mniSvnelovania homoseqsualTa TviTSefasebis asamaRlebladac da maT mimarT SiSis dasaZlevadac. adamianTa Soris bevria iseTi, romelsac yovelTvis uWirs nebismier jgufTan integracia, erTobis wevrad sakuTari Tavis aRqma, magram kinoTeatris Cabnelebul darbazSi yofnisas, iracionaluri vnebebis moZalebis dros, grZnob, rom Sens garSemo Tavisufali adamianebi sxedan da isini im erTobas Seadgenen, romelsac didi brZolis gadatana mouxda, sanam evropis romelime prestiJul kinofestivalze sakuTar adgils ipovida, ipovnida niSas, sadac waiSleboda zRvari `Cemnairsa~ da `Sennairs~ Soris.
miuxedavad imisa, rom maRali klasis saerTaSoriso festivalebze monawileobas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs homofobiis problemis gadaWrisaTvis, jerjerobiT dasavleTis demokratiul qveynebSic ki arsebobs iseTi kino, sadac avtorebi homoseqsualebs ar swyaloben, sadac isini SeiZleba abuCad moixsenion an damamcirebel konteqstSi warmoaCinon. arsebobs sxva problemac - interpretaciis nairgvarobis SesaZlebloba. nebismieri saxis orazrovneba reJisoris mxridan momentalurad iqceva ganxilvis da mwvave diskusiis sagnad xelovnebaze orientirebuli lgbt organizaciebsa Tu damoukidebel kinokritikosebs Soris. magaliTad, britaneli reJisoris, riCard eiris filmi `Canawerebi skandalze~, romelic berlinis wlevandel kinofestivalze oficialur konkursSi iRebda monawileobas da programis erT-erT favoritad iTvleboda, kritikosebma gansxvavebulad aRiqves. erT-erTi maTgani werda, rom `Canawerebi skandalze~ aris yvelaze seqsisturi da homofobiuri filmi, romelic ki odesme unaxavs; amitom adamianebi, visTvisac lesboselobis aRqma sirTules warmoadgens films saTofeze ar unda gaekaron. saqme imaSia, rom homofoburad ganwyobil sazogadoebaSi marTlac didi albaTobaa mayurebelma mTavari personaJis yvela uaryofiTi Tviseba mis lesboselobas miaweros. `sazizRari beberi lesboseli~- ase ixseniebda filmis dasasruls barbara kovets Cveni mayureblebis nawili, romelmac filmis piratuli versia internetidan gadmowera. maT Soris isinic, visac internalizebuli homofobia alaparakebda. barbara koveti (judi denCi) skolis maswavlebelia. simkacris gamo moswavleebs is naklebad uyvarT, magram usityvod emorCilebian. maswavleblebis wreSi ki Wkviani qalis da kompetenturi

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pedagogis reputaciiT sargeblobs, magram misTvis damaxasiaTebeli cinizmis gamo, simpatias ar iwvevs. barbaras axalgazrda kolega - Seba harti (qeiT blanSeti) Seuyvardeba. judi denCis personaJis arasworxazovneba epizodidan epizodSi izrdeba, is ufro da ufro met mizezs iZleva gasakicxad, filmis dasasruls ki namdvil furias emsgavseba, romelsac mxolod boroteba moaqvs adamianebisTvis. kritikosTa nawili imazec gaRizianda, rom barbara ar amxels sakuTar homoseqsualobas, rac diskriminirebul mdgomareobaSi amyofebs mas. magram sworxazovani kritika aranakleb gamaRizianebelia, vidre nebismieri filmi, romelic homofobiur ganwyobas iwvevs mayurebelSi. cnobilia, rom kino masaze zemoqmedebis mZlavri iaraRia, amitom bunebrivia, roca kinematografistebi mas homoseqsualTa dasacavad da sazogadoebis sruluflebian wevrebad warmosaCenad iyeneben. filmebi, romlebic am amocanas emsaxurebian, xSirad erTmaneTs gvanan.

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mamakacad gadacmis xerxs is arc mxolod gogonebis mosaxiblad mimarTavs, arc kacebis mtruli da agresiuli samyarosgan Tavdasacavad. Tina brendoni TviTidentifikacias mamrobiTi sqesis adamianad axdens. amitom mkerdis Sekvra, fexebs Soris xelovnuri genitaliis damagreba da Tmis mokle varcxniloba kamuflaJi ki ara misi bunebrivi mdgomareobis aucilebeli atributebia. amerikis provinciis konservatorul garemoSi brendoni sakuTari sqesis rekonstruirebas cdilobs. aseTi pirovneba marTlac arsebobda. 14 wlis win, 19 wlis asakSi is Zaladobis msxverpli gaxda. istoriis realuroba kidev ufro amZafrebs mayureblis Tanagancdas da mTavari personaJis istoriis tragikul paToss. saidumlos gamxelis Semdeg brendonis megobari biWebi mas saSinlad uswordebian. brendons Tavis marTleba jer maT wreSi uwevs, xolo mas Semdeg, rac biWebi mas gaaupatiureben - policiaSic. samarTaldamcavebis TvalSi is erTdroulad msxverplicaa da damnaSavec. adamianebTan amoralur urTierTobebSi yofna - yvelaze gavrcelebuli sabraldebo daskvnaa am da sxva filmebSi, sadac homo/bi/transseqsualTa uflebebis Selaxvis isotoriaa asaxuli. sazogadoebaSi brendonis arsebobiT Seuracyofili mamrebis SurisZieba hilari svonkis personaJis gaupatiurebiT ar sruldeba. RirsebaSelaxuli kacebi mas sasikvdilo ganaCens gamoutanen. filmis finali nensi Codorous mosazrebis pirdapiri ilustraciaa - homofobia aqac maskulinurobis dacvisa da ganmtkicebis saSualebad gvevlineba. rac ufro mZlavria es survili, miT ufro sastik saxes iRebs biWebis gadawyvetileba. rogorc filmis reJisori, kimberli pirsi ambobs, gaupatiureba brendonis qalad qcevis Zaladobrivi gza da savaraudod, moZaladeebis faruli erotizmis gamovlinebac iyo. rogorc kaci, brendoni maTze efeqturi iyo, magram maT maskulinobas ormagi dartyma iman miayena, rom is gogo aRmoCnda. `biWebi ar tirian~ ar miekuTvneba im filmebs, romelTac mxolod homoseqsualTa auditoriaze gaTvliT qmnian. piriqiT, filmi swored im mayureblebzea gaangariSebuli, visac reJisori iracionaluri SiSis daZlevis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. amave amocanas asrulebs axalgazrda Svedi reJisori gaxmaurebul namuSevarSi `damanaxe siyvaruli~(1999). `damanaxe siyvaruli~ mcirebiujetiani filmi iyo, romelic Tavidanve ar yofila gaangariSebuli

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yvelaze xSirad lgbt Tematikaze Seqmnili filmebis mTavari nakli maTi orientirebulobaa mocemul Temaze, ambavze. mxatvrul Rirsebebis ugulvebelyofa mayureblis aRelvebis mizniT da nebismier fasad masze zegavlenis moxdena is mizezia, ris gamoc kritikosebi, xSirad, eWvis TvaliT uyureben gei an lesbosur istoriebze gadaRebul suraTebs. filmSi asaxuli istoria amavdroulad mayureblis sakuTari gamocdilebaa, ekranze danaxuli usiamovno ambavia, romelic masac gadaxdomia. ra Tqma unda, aseT dros is advilad manipulirebadia da aRelvebulma SeiZleba msaxiobis yalbi TamaSi an reJisoris araostaturi oinic ver dainaxos. marTalia, aseT filmebSi siuJeturi detalebi gansxvavebulia, magram xSirad mTavari gmiris ori tipi ikveTeba. erTi aris mebrZoli adamiani, romelic dapirispirebulia mis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobil sazogadoebasTan da meore, is vinc ar egueba diskriminacias, magram sakuTari uflebebisTvis brZolis da bednierebis mopovebis gambedaoba ar hyofnis. homofobur garemoSi protestis gamoxatva da daumorCilebloba meamboxes xSirad ujdeba sakuTari sicocxlis fasad ujdeba. ase xdeba kimberli pirsis filmSi `biWebi ar tirian~(1999). hilari svonkis gmiri (Tina brendoni) biWad gadacmuli gogoa, romelsac gogonebi moswons da sqesis Secvlaze ocnebobs. mas policia eZebs, amitom yalbi sabuTebiT sxva StatSi gadadis sacxovreblad. axali megobrebis wreSi is lamazi da faqizi biWis reputaciiT sargeblobs. ris gamoc aiZulebs Tavis Tavs vaJkacis stereotipuli imiji Seiqmnas. megobrebi misgan swored gmirobas, gambedaobas da sxvadasxva situaciaSi vaJkacobis damtkicebas moiTxoven, magaliTad rbolaSi monawileobas, cecxlze xelis didxans gaCerebas...

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da Svilebis mimarT loialurobisken mouwodebs. es auditoria evropaSi gacilebiT mravalricxovani da mimRebi aRmoCnda, vidre amerikaSi, sadac filmze asakobrivi cenzi daaweses (17 wlamde SezRudva) da mxolod did qalaqebSi warmoadgines. rogorc `quifsTers muvi revius~ mimomxilveli wers, `filmi aSS-s garkveul jgufebSi rom eCvenebinaT, savaraudod, isini kinoTeatrs an televizias, romelic am films gauSvebda, cecxls waukidebdnen. aqedan bevri filmis naxvis gareSec gaakeTebda amas~. arada qaming-auTis am upretenzio istoriaSi arc erTi SiSveli scena araa da gogonebic orad orjer kocnian erTmaneTs. Sveduri produqciis amerikaSi ekranebze gaSvebam kidev erTxel daamtkica amerikuli sazogadoebis puritanizmi, agreTve gansxvaveba gamoxmaurebebs Soris sazogadoebasa da kinokritikaSi. siuzen zontagi Tavis eseSi kempis Sesaxeb wers, rom 60-ian wlebSi amerikis kulturul avangardSi homoseqsualebi idgnen. mas Semdeg amerikaSi bevri ram Seicvala, rac ufro Ria da demokratiuli xdeba igi zedapiruli TvalisTvis, miT ufro meti inteleqtuali wuwunebs, rom amerika, romelsac isini aTeulobiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi qmnidnen, Tavze eqcevaT. kinematografs didi Zala aqvs, magram ara imdenad, rogorc es xSirad reJisorebs warmoudgeniaT. sazogadoebis mimReobas pozitiuri cvlilebebisadmi (Tuki aseTi sasacilo cneba arsebobs) gamakeTilSobilebeli kinematografis `jadosnuri~ Zala naklebad ganapirobebs da isic mxolod im dros, roca zustad ergeba drois, adgilisa da garemoebis kanons. Tumca, arsebobs gamonaklisebis kanonzomierebac. magaliTad 1993 wels taivaneli reJisoris ang lis filmi `saqorwino banketi~ (warmoSobiT taiveneli amerikeli homoseqsualis istoria, romelsac mSoblebi colis moyvanas aiZuleben) oskarze iyo nominirebuli. xolo 2005 wels misive filmma `kuziani mTa~ amerikis kinoakademiis mowoneba daimsaxura da oskaric moipova saukeTeso reJisurisTvis. fsevdodemokratiul garemoSi jildoebasxmul kinematografiuli meinstrimis mier gamonaklisebis daSveba uTuod qsenfobiis daZlevis mcdelobaa. swored aseTi mcdelobebi uwyoben xels sazogadoebis homofobiurad ganwyobil nawilsa da seqsualur umciresobas Soris im sivrcis Seqmnasa da gafarToebas, romelic awonasworebs maT urTierTobebs.

SvedeTis sazRvrebs gareT warmatebaze. SvedeTSi Semosavalma filmze daxarjul Tanxas aTjer gadaaWarba, xolo mezobel norvegiaSi, imave wels, mayureblis daswrebis Sedegebis mixedviT meore adgili aCvena. mudisonis suraTi SvedeTis mosaxleobis meaTedma naxa, rac pirdapir miuTiTebs imaze, rom seqsualur orientacias kinomoyvarulebis gadawyvetilebaze - wasuliyvnen Tu ara ori gogonas siyvarulis Sesaxeb filmis sanaxavad - ar umoqmedia. miTumetes saucxooa es statistika, roca filmi ar moicavs popularuli Janrebis elementebs. marTalia, filmSi naxavT TviTmkvlelobis scenas, bevr cremls da usamarTlo qmedebebs mTavari personaJis mimarT - yvela wesi mayureblis asaRelveblad TiTqos gamoyenebulia, magram es mxolod fasadia, romlis ukanac lukas mudisoni mSvidad elodeba finalis kulminaciur efeqts. arc melodrama, arc eqSeni da miTumetes Trileri. maS ratom naxa filmi erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi 800 aTasi Svedma? wesiT farTo mayureblisTvis filmi mosawyeni unda yofiliyo Tavisi ganuwyveteli dialogebiT, axlo xedebze agebuli kompoziciebiT da montaJiT, romelmac erTi SexedviT SeuZlebelia eqstazi ganacdevinos mas. magram dasasruls mayurebeli mainc gamodis sakuTari Tavidan da erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadadis. es ar gamoixateba Tvalidan cremlis wamosvliT, kinoTeatris savarZelze wrialiT da nerviuli daZabulobis momatebiT. reJisors Zalian mSvidad miyavs igi im poziciamde, saidanac is ar aRSfoTdeba, rodesac saRamos, saxlSi mimavali, SemTxveviT gadaawydeba sadarbazoSi erTmaneTs gadaxveul or gogonas an or biWs. lukas mudisoni mimarTavs mSoblebis auditorias

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EDITORIAL Due to two reasons the main topic of the issue is homophobia. First, May 17th is marked as the International Day Against Homophobia (IDAHO). Secondly, June 1st in 2007 marked the 7th anniversary of decriminalization of homosexuality in Georgia. Thus, by selecting the topic of homophobia, we wanted to contribute to the global efforts to celebrate this important date. NEWS Georgia and the World at glance Georgian news digest covers main developments in the second quarter of the current year. This section provides coverage of anti-homophobia campaign that was implemented through public discussions, radio and TV talk shows, dissemination of visibility material, screening movies etc. Other important news covered in the section include: health component, new initiatives within women dimension and acquiring support for publication of study reports conducted. One part of the section briefly touches upon the scandalous information fallaciously promoted by Georgian media regarding a plan to hold the first gay pride celebration in Tbilisi. International section covers important international developments such as granting consultative status to the two LGBT organizations from Sweden and Canada (Quebec), Judgment of ECHR on banning Warsaw pride back in 2005, threats to terminate Lambda Istanbul operation, etc. RIGHTS: This section offers an analysis of ILGA-Europe data on countries that criminalize homosexuality. State sponsored homophobia has many faces. It varies from definition of the crime act to the necessary conditions for giving testimony and to the measures and methods of the punishment. As it can be seen, analysis of some cases gives rather unusual findings. HEALTH: Traditionally, Centre Tanadgoma contributes through information useful to follow a healthy lifestyle. This

time, information about prevention means for safer sexual practices is provided. This is an important piece of information for the community as most of these means are often inaccessible if not unknown for the members of the community. HOMOPHOBIA FILE: In this section Inclusive Foundation offers an actual story behind the hysteria about gay pride parade "planned" in Tbilisi. The flimsy information fabricated by Georgian media provoked three anti-pride protest events, dozens of homophobic articles in printed media and plots composed and promoted by TV stations. We decided to respond to this hysteria as it went beyond any imaginary limits, made the Head of Georgian Orthodox Church condemn nonexistent gathering, and Russian journalists to assume that Georgian President here too, challenges his Russian counterpart by supporting a demonstration of sodomites in Tbilisi. Consequently, Council of Europe's campaign "All Different, All Equal" activities not even remotely linked with anything that may have been dubbed as 'gay pride', was still cancelled. STUDY In this section you will find answers to the questions on what is homophobia? How does it occur? Who does homophobia claim as its' victims? HISTORY Third Reich: The most vivid and horrifying story of state sponsored homophobia that makes all LGBT activists work even harder not to allow it happen again. ARTS & CULTURE Oscar Wilde: Homophobia makes people blind; they cease noticing anything about a person but his/her sexual orientation. This is a well known story of Oscar Wilde - enhanced with new details for a post-soviet reader. Homophobia from the screen. Number of films are reviewed with the purpose to identify main trends and occurrences of homophobia in the cinema.

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